NEBOSH International

Certificate

Day 4

Programme for Today

• HSG65 – a Safety Management System
(continued) :
- Measur ing Per formance.
- Active Monitor ing.
- Audits.
• Risk Assessment.
• Safe Systems of Work.
• Permits-to-Work.

HSG65 El ements
of Successful Policy
Health & Safety
Mana gement
Organising

Planning &
Implementing

Measuring
Performance
 Measuring Performance
Comparison of Achievements Aga ins t Targe ts

Active Systems Reactive Systems

• Spot and routine • Accident investigation.
checks.
• Accident and ill-health
• Formal inspections . trend analysis.
• Statutory tests.
• Pattern analysis.
• Safety audits.

Syndicate Group Exercise

• In y our groups, list t he topic head ings

that should be i nclude d on an
inspection checklist fo r use in y our
w orkplace.

• S ketch out a rough format for the

inspection checksheet.

Inspections

H ow useful are inspection

checksheets?

H ow frequently should formal

inspection s be carried out?
 Other Monitoring Methods
• S afety sampling:
– Quantitative, short duration and repeated.
– Gives an indication of accident potential.
• S afety tour:
– Focus on one topic area , e.g. fire safety.
• S afety surv ey :
– In-depth exami nation of one issue.

Proactive/Active Monitoring
Definition s:

1. Safety Inspections

Routine scheduled inspection to make an immediate

check on standards.

2. Safety Sampli ng

Organised system of regular random sampling by

systematic recording of hazard situations observed
during inspections made along predetermined routes.

Proactive/Active Monitoring
3. Safety Tours
Housekeeping inspection of short duration,
performed weekly or monthly.

4. Safety Surv eys

Detailed examination of a particular safety issue.

5. Safety Audits
Every area of an organisation is subject to a
thorough and systematic critical examination.
 Purpose of Monitoring – Summary

To answer ques tions, such as:

• How are we doing?

• Are we achieving objectives?
• Are we complying with international, national
legal, and company standards?
• Are we improving or getting worse?
• Are there weaknesses in our mana gement systems?
• Are staff still committed and interested?
• Where must we improve?

Health and Safety Benchmarking

It is a reference point – it means

comparing to a standard.

The process is about continuously

learning from others.

Examini ng the or ga nisation’s

strengths and weaknesses.

HSG65 El ements
of Successful Policy
Health & Safety
Mana gement
Organising

Audit Planning &

Implementing

Measuring
Performance

Rev iewing
Performance
 Reviewing Performance

This is the periodic internal

assessment of performance
agai nst targets.
• Are we on target?
• If not – why not?
• What do we have to
change?

HSG65 El ements
of Successful Policy
Health & Safety
Mana gement
Organising

Audit Planning &

Implementing

Measuring
Performance

Reviewing
Performance

Auditing

Key features of an audit:

• Independent.
• Systematic.
• Comprehensive
(covers all aspects).
• Objective.
• Evidence-based.
 Audit
• Provides confirmation that healt h and safety
systems are in place and are effective.
• Provides evidence of legal complia nce.
• Reports on non -fu lfilment of obligations.
• Encourages continuous improvement in the
safety management system.

ha

Auditing

Which i s better, inte rnal or e xternal au diting ?

Audit Areas
• Safety policy and organisation.
• Safety committee and representatives.
• First-aid and medical facilities.
• Fire and bomb arrangements.
• Crisis management plans.
ha
• Accident reporting.
• Insurance obligations.
• Staff development and training.
• Risk management.
• Vehicle and passenger safety.
• Work experience/shadowing.
• Hazardous pursuits/visits and outings.
• Safety inspections.
 Audit Areas - continued

• Control of substances hazardous to health.

• Building maintenance.
• Purchasing controls and acquisitions.
• Electricity (fixed and portable equipment).
• Display screen equipment.
• Manual handling.
• Personal protective equipment.
• Health: - smoking, drinking and drug-taking.
- stress and related human factors.
• Pregnant women.
• Radiation.
• Environmental protection and waste management.

NEBOSH International
Certificate

Risk Assessment

Ris k Assessment

O ur programme for this section :

• The fiv e steps of risk assessment explaine d.

• Sy ndicate group exercise.
 Introduction
What is r isk assessment?

“Risk assessment is a simple process

of identify ing hazards, ev aluating risks
and identify ing controls to av oid or
minimise those risks.”

“Suitable and Sufficient”

• Identifies the signifi cant hazards and risk.

• P roportionate to lev el of risk:
– Resources.
– Sophistication.
– Advice.
• A nticipates reasonably foreseeable risk.
• Identifies length of time it w ill be v alid.

Qualitative Risk Assessment

Approach recommended for SMEs:
INDG163 HSG183
 The 5 Steps of Risk
Assessment
1. Identify the hazar ds.

2. Identify the people w ho might be harmed.

3. Evaluate the risk.

4. Record your findings.

5. Review the assessment as required.

Step 1 - Identify the Hazards

What is a hazard?
“S omething w ith the potential
to cause harm.”

Can you thi nk of some

examples of hazards?

Step 1 - Identify the Hazards

 Step 1 - Identify the Hazards

• H azards can be categorised by ty pe:

– P hy sical.
– C hemical.
– E rgonomic.
– Biological.
– P sy chological.

Step 1 - Identify the Hazards

• Hazards can be identified by:
– Inspections .
– Accident/ill-health recor ds.
– Hazard books.
– Guidance documents/manuals.
– HAZOPs.
– Involvem ent of others.
Also, Job Safety Analysis.

Step 2 - Who Might be Harmed

• Which gr oups of people are at risk?

- Operators.
- Maintena nce staff.
- Cleaners.
- Contractors.
- Visitors.
- Members of the public.
- Trespassers.
 Step 2 - Who Might be Harmed

• Are certain groups especially at risk?

– Young people.
– New or expectant mothers.
– People with disabilities.
– Lone work ers.
– New starters and temporary staff.
If so, record who they are.

Step 3 - Evaluate the Risk

What is risk ?
It is a measure of the
likelihood of harm
occurring and t he
sever ity of that harm.

Step 3 - Evaluate the Risk

• Risk is a combination of tw o factors:

– Likelihood.
– S ev erity .
 Step 3 - Evaluate the Risk
The risk evaluation can be:
• Qualitative
Uses words to describe likelihood
and severity, e.g. acceptabl e or
unacceptable.
• Semi-Quan titative
Uses words and numbers to
describe likelihood a nd severity.
• Quantitative
Uses numbers to describe both
likelihood and severity.

Step 3 - Evaluate the Risk

U sing a scoring sy stem:
Likelihood : S ev erity :
Almost certain = 3 Fatality/disabling = 3
Likely =2 Three day injury = 2
Very low =1 Minor injury = 1

L xS=?
1 = triv ial risk 9 = high risk

Step 3 - Evaluate the Risk

• What is the likelihood of harm occurring?

• What is the severity of the foreseeable

harm?

• Consider the controls already in place, but

also consider the possibility of failure.
 Step 3 - Evaluate the Risk

Existing Controls
• Safe working
procedures.
• Checks and inspections.
• Training, instruction and
information.
• Signs and alarms.
• Housekeeping.
• Supervision.
• Specialist assessments.
• Personal protective
equipment (PPE).
• Planned preventative
maintenance and testing.
• Environmental controls:
– Light.
– Temperature.
• Guards and barriers.

Step 3 - Evaluate the Risk

The Hierarchy of Control:
• Eliminate hazard - most effective.
• Reduce hazard.
• Isolate hazard from people.
• Contr ol extent of exposur e/contact.
• Personal protective equipment.
• Discipline (SSW, information, traini ng,
supervision a nd enforcement) - least effective.

Remember ERIC Pr events D eath !

Step 4 - Record Your Findings

Record:
• The significant hazards.
• The existing co ntrols.
• Those at risk.
• F urther actions necessa ry .
 Step 4 - Record Your Findings
Risk L ik el ih oo d S ev eri ty Dept. Assessors:
Ve ry L ik el y 3 Ma jor in ju ry 3
Assessmen t Date:
Record
L ik ely 2 L o sttim e 2 Area Review d ate:
Un li ke ly 1 Mi no r 1
or
Task:
Hazard Who might be Existing L S Risk Rating What further action is
harmed? Controls ( LxS) required?

Step 5 - Review of Assessment

• Assessments must be reviewed if:
– There is reason to suspect it is
no longer valid.
– There has been a significant
change.
• It is best practice to review
assessments periodically.

The 5 Steps of Risk Assessment

1. Identify the hazards.
2. Identify the people
w ho might be harmed.

3. Ev aluate the risk.

4. Record y our findings.

5. Rev iew the assessment
as required.
 Alternative
Syndicate Group Exercise
• In y our groups, carry out a risk
assessment on an area here.
• U se S teps 1 to 4.
• U se a quantitativ e scoring sy stem.
• P resent y our findings to t he other
groups in 2 0 minutes.

NEBOSH International
Certificate

Safe Systems of Work

Safe Systems of Work

“A fo rmal p rocedu re which results from a
systematic examination of a task, in o rde r
to ide ntify all of the hazards. I t def ines safe
methods to ensu re that hazard s are
elimina ted o r risk m inim ised.”

Safe systems of work are pre-plan ned and

enforced methods for performing routine a nd
non-routine work safely, which take into account
the capabilities of the individuals doi ng the work
and the human factors which might arise.
 Developing a SSW

Remember S-R-E -D -I-M

Select the task.
Record the stages of the oper ation.
Evaluate the risks at each stage.
Develop safe method.
Implement safe method.
Monitor .

Safe Systems of Work

When develop ing SSW cons ider:
• Materials and substa nces:
– Hazards to health.
– Handling - mechanical or manual.
• Equipm ent and pla nt:
– Guar ding on machi nery .
• Environm ent:
– Lighting and slippery floors.
• People:
– Competence and young people.

NEBOSH International
Certificate

Permits-to-Work
 Permits-to-Work
“These are fo rmal documents specifying
work to be done and pre cautions to be
taken. Wo rk can only sta rt when sa fe
procedu res have been defined and put in to
place. The permit p rovides a clear written
record, signed by a respon sib le off icer, that
all fo rseeable hazards have been
conside red and all neces sary action s have
been taken. It must be in the po ssess ion of
the person in charge of the ope ratio n
before wo rk ca n commence.”

Permits-to-Work
“Operations mos tly rela te
to main tenance work
which can only be ca rried
out if normal safegua rds
are dro pped. It can also
include ce rta in types of
routine wo rk which
demands tha t special
precautions are taken.”