Experiment 4

American International University- Bangladesh

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
EEE1234: Power Systems Analysis Laboratory

Title: Study of Y-bus matrix

Introduction:

The objective of experiment 04 of Power System Analysis Lab is to become familiar with Y
bus matrix, Ybus. The ultimate goal of this experiment is to learn how to calculate Ybus both
theoretically and by using software. This Ybus calculation is essential in making power flow
calculations, fault calculations and stability analysis.

Theory and Methodology:

The most common way to represent such a system is to use the node-voltage method. Given
the voltages of generators at all generator nodes, and knowing all impedances of machines
and loads, one can solve for all the currents in the typical node voltage analysis methods
using Kirchoff's current law. First the generators are replaced by equivalent current sources
and the node equations are written in the form: I = YV
Where I is the injected current vector, Y is the admittance matrix and V is the node
voltage vector. These equations are easy to write by inspection of the circuit.

Usually in a power system the complex power may be known at load nodes, and sometimes
on generator nodes only the real power and voltage are known. Thus not enough variables are
known to solve an equation of the form I = YbusV. In fact, since the power is a nonlinear
function of the current and voltage, the solution of the resulting equations (while it may exist)
is not easy! In fact there is no known analytical method to find the solution. As a result
iterative techniques are used to find the solution (voltages, currents, etc.). The nonlinear sets
of equations which are generated are called power flow equations. The solution of such
equations results in a power flow study or load flow analysis.

First step in solving the power flow is to create what is known as the bus admittance matrix,
often call the Ybus.
The Ybus gives the relationships between all the bus current injections, I, and all the bus
voltages,V: I = Ybus V

The Ybus is developed by applying KCL at each bus in the system to relate the bus current
injections, the bus voltages, and the branch impedances.

Ybus matrix is in n×n matrix form. If a system is of 3 bus system then, Ybus matrix will be 3×3
matrix. The node equations for a 3 bus system can be written as follows:

I1 = Y11V1 + Y12V2 + Y13V3

I2 = Y21V1 + Y22V2 + Y23V3
I3 = Y31V1 +Y23V2 +Y33V3

And in matrix form:

I1 Y11 Y12 Y13 V1

I2 = Y21 Y22 Y23 V2
I3 Y31 Y32 Y33 V3

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 1

The diagonal admittances (Y11, Y22 and Y33) are called self-admittances at the nodes, and
each equals the sum of all the admittances terminating on the node identified by the repeated
subscripts. The other admittances are the mutual admittances of the nodes, and each equals
the negative of the sum of all admittances connected directly between the nodes identified by
the double subscripts.

Pre-Lab Homework:

Students must study related theories (article 7.5 from reference book Elements of Power
System Analysis); perform the simulation using Matlab and MUST present the simulation
results to the instructor before the start of the experiment.

Software Requirement:

• Matlab (2009 onwards)

Mathematical Problem with Solution:

To demonstrate the calculation of Ybus , the following 3 bus system has been considered
where all the given parameters are impedances.

Figure 1: One line diagram of a 3 bus system

For the above system the Ybus will be like:

Y11 Y12 Y13

Ybus= Y21 Y22 Y23
Y31 Y32 Y33

Data table for the selected system:

Bus-bus Series Z(pu) Series Y (pu)
1-2 0.02+j0.3 0.22-j3.31
1-3 0.01+j0.1 0.99-j9.9
2-3 0.01-j0.1 0.99-j9.9
1-0 J0.1 -j10
2-0 J0.1 -j10

Y11= 0.22-j3.31+0.99-j9.9-j10=-1.21-j23.21
Y12= -(0.22-j3.31)
Y13= -(0.99-j9.9)
Y21= Y12= -(0.22-j3.31)

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 2

Y22=0.22-j3.31+0.99-j9.9-j10=-1.21-j23.21
Y23= -(0.99-j9.9)
Y31= Y13= -(0.99-j9.9)
Y32= Y23= -(0.99-j9.9)
Y33=0.99-j9.9+0.99-j9.9=1.98-j19.8

Experimental Procedure:

1. Compute Ybus theoretically for the following 5 bus system-

2. For the same system perform simulation using MATLAB.

Simulation with Result:

Matlab codes:

% line data in PU
% R X G B
line2to4 = [0.009 0.1 0 1.72];
line2to5 = [0.0045 0.05 0 0.88];
line4to5 = [0.00225 0.025 0 0.44];

line_data = [line2to4; line2to5; line4to5];

% transformer data
% R X G B
tformer1 = [0.00150 0.02 0 0];
tformer2 = [0.00075 0.02 0 0];

transformer_data = [tformer1; tformer2];

% Admittance data

y11 = 1/(0.0015+j*0.02);
y12 = 0;
y13 = 0;
y14 = 0;
y15 = 1/(0.0015+j*0.02);

y21 = 0;
y22 = 0+j*1.72/2+j*0.88/2+0+1/(0.009+j*0.1)+1/(0.0045+j*0.05);
y23 = 0;

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 3

y24 = 1/(0.009+j*0.1);
y25 = 1/(0.0045+j*0.05);

y31 = 0;
y32 = 0;
y33 = 1/(0.00075+j*0.02);
y34 = 1/(0.00075+j*0.02);
y35 = 0;

y41 = 0;
y42 = 1/(0.009+j*0.1);
y43 = 1/(0.00075+j*0.02);
y44 =
1/(0.009+j*0.1)+1/(0.00075+j*0.02)+1/(0.00225+j*0.025)+j*1.72/2+j*0.44/2;
y45 = 1/(0.00225+j*0.025);

y51 = 1/(0.0015+j*0.02);
y52 = 1/(0.0045+j*0.05);
y53 = 0;
y54 = 1/(0.00225+j*0.025);
y55 =
1/(0.0015+j*0.02)+1/(0.0045+j*0.05)+1/(0.00225+j*0.025)+j*0.88/2+j*0.44/2;

admittance_matrix = [ y11 -y12 -y13 -y14 -y15;...

-y21 y22 -y23 -y24 -y25;...
-y31 -y32 y33 -y34 -y35;...
-y41 -y42 -y43 y44 -y45;...
-y51 -y52 -y53 -y54 y55];

Discussion and Conclusion:

Interpret your simulated data, compare with theoretical calculation and comment.

Reference(s):

[1] Elements of Power System Analysis, 4th edition by William D. Stevenson, Jr.

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 4