ULTRA FILTRATION &NANO

FILTRATION WITH APPLICATIONS

CONTENTS
• Ultra Filtration
• Process in Ultra Filtration
• Applications of Ultra Filtration
• Nano Filtration
• Process in Nano Filtration
• Applications of Nano Filtration
ULTRA FILTRATION
• Ultra filtration is a separation process using membranes with pore sizes in the range of 0.1 to 0.001
micron.
• Typically, ultra filtration will remove high molecular-weight substances, colloidal materials, and organic
and inorganic polymeric molecules
• Influent water enters the tubes and is filtered against the wall surface; Silt, sediment, turbidity as well as
microorganisms are retained inside the membrane wall as they cannot pass the fine tube walls.
• Filtered water (permeate) is collected on the exterior wall of the fibers and exits the permeate port.
• During flushing cycle, the solenoid valve on drain port opens, forcing water through the membrane
fibers and removing all accumulated debris down the drain line. The cycle can be adjusted depending on
water quality. Forward and Backward flushing are achieved automatically and Manually.
ULTRA FILTRATION
• Ultra filtration Membrane modules come in plate-andframe, capillary, spiral-wound, and tubular
configurations. All configurations have been used successfully in different process applications.
• Each configuration is specially suited for some specific applications and there are many
applications where more than one configuration is appropriate.
PROCESS IN ULTRA FILTRATION
 APPLICATIONS OF ULTRA FILTRATION
Drinking water

Drinking water treatment 300 m³/h using ultrafiltration in Grundmühle waterworks (Germany)
Ultrafiltration can be used for the removal of particulates and macromolecules from raw water to
produce potable water.
It has been used to either replace existing secondary (coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation) and tertiary filtration
(sand filtration and chlorination) systems employed in water treatment plants or as standalone systems in isolated
regions with growing populations.[1] When treating water with high suspended solids, UF is often integrated into the
process, utilising primary (screening, flotation, filtration) and some secondary treatments as pre-treatment stages.
UF processes are currently preferred over traditional treatment methods for the following reasons:

•No chemicals required (aside from cleaning)

•Constant product quality regardless of feed quality
•Compact plant size
•Capable of exceeding regulatory standards of water quality, achieving 90–100% pathogen removal [3]
UF processes are currently limited by the high cost incurred due to membrane fouling and replacement.
Additional pretreatment of feed water is required to prevent excessive damage to the membrane units.
In many cases UF is used for pre filtration in reverse osmosis (RO) plants to protect the RO membranes
APPLICATIONS OF ULTRA FILTRATION
• Filtration of effluent from paper pulp mill
• Cheese manufacture, see ultrafiltered milk
• Removal of pathogens from milk
• Process and waste water treatment
• Enzyme recovery
• Fruit juice concentration and clarification
• Dialysis and other blood treatments
• Desalting and solvent-exchange of proteins (via diafiltration)
• Laboratory grade manufacturing
• Radiocarbon dating of bone collagen
NANO FILTRATION
• Nano filtration (NF) is a relatively recent membrane filtration process used most often with
low total dissolved solids water such as surface water and fresh ground water, with the purpose of
softening (polyvalent cation removal) and removal of disinfection by-product precursors such as
natural organic matter and synthetic organic matter.
• Nano filtration is also becoming more widely used in food processing applications such as dairy,
for simultaneous concentration and partial (monovalent ion) demineralization.
• Nanofiltration is a membrane filtration-based method that uses nanometer sized through-pores that
pass through the membrane.
• Nanofiltration membranes have pore sizes from 1-10 nanometers, smaller than that used
in microfiltration and ultrafiltration, but just larger than that in reverse osmosis.
• Membranes used are predominantly created from polymer thin films.Materials that are commonly
used include polyethylene terephthalate or metals such as aluminum.
• Pore dimensions are controlled by pH, temperature and time during development with pore
densities ranging from 1 to 106 pores per cm2.
NANO FILTRATION
• Membranes made from polyethylene terephthalate and other similar materials, are referred to as
"track-etch" membranes, named after the way the pores on the membranes are made.
• "Tracking" involves bombarding the polymer thin film with high energy particles. This results in
making tracks that are chemically developed into the membrane, or "etched" into the membrane,
which are the pores.
• Membranes created from metal such as alumina membranes, are made by electrochemically
growing a thin layer of aluminum oxide from aluminum metal in an acidic medium.
PROCESS IN NANO FILTRATION
 APPLICATIONS OF NANO FILTRATION

Industry Uses
Non-thermal solvent recovery and managementRoom
Fine chemistry and Pharmaceuticals
temperature solvent exchange
Removal of tar components in feedPurification of gas
Oil and Petroleum chemistry
condensates
Product PolishingContinuous recovery of
Bulk Chemistry
homogeneous catalysts
Fractionation of crude extractsEnrichment of natural
Natural Essential Oils and similar products
compounds Gentle Separations
Able to extract amino acids and lipids from blood and
Medicine
other cell culture.
APPLICATIONS OF NANO FILTRATION
• Advantages over reverse osmosis when retention of mono – valent
salts are not required
–Much more permeable membrane
– Higher solvent fluxes, often a factor of 10
– Lower energy and capital costs
APPLICATIONS OF NANO FILTRATION
• Potable Water
– Remove colour from water drawn from peat lands
– Remove humic and fulvic acids
– Conventional treatments labour and chemical intensive
– Suitable for small domestic supplies in isolated communities
– Can operate unattended for long periods of time
– Does not remove minerals
• Sugar Concentration
– Concentration of lactose from deproteinised whey stream
– Concentrates lactose while allowing mono-valent ions to pass through
– Concentrated lactose stream used as feed for fermentation
APPLICATIONS OF NANO FILTRATION
• Dye Production
– Improved by using nanofiltration
– 10% NaCl reduced to 0.2%
– Concentrate product by 30%