CENTRE FOR MANAGEMENT STUDIES

Online Submission of Assignments-1

MBA-Full Time

Semester-II (2020)

Subject: INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR MANAGEMENT

Paper Code : MBA (FT) CP- 207

Roll No: 26

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Imran Alam Dr. Aleem Ali

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Your Roll No...26....... Name: Imran Alam
Centre for Management Studies
MBA-Full Time
Semester-II (2020)
Online Submission of End-Term Assignments
Subject: Information Systems for Management
Paper Code : MBA (FT) CP- 207

Attempt any two Questions from each assignment. Each question carries equal marks.
Max. Marks: 25 for each assignment

Assignment 1

Q2. Discuss some common benefits of Artificial Intelligence (AI)? Suggest

some applications of AI?

Ans2. Artificial intelligence (AI) is wide-ranging branch of computer science concerned with
building smart machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence.
AI is an interdisciplinary science with multiple approaches, but advancements in machine
learning and deep learning are creating a paradigm shift in virtually every sector of the tech
industry.

Machine with the ability to perform cognitive functions such as perceiving, learning, reasoning
and solve problems are deemed to hold an artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence exists
when a machine has cognitive ability. The benchmark for AI is the human level concerning
reasoning, speech, and vision.

Some common benefits of Artificial Intelligence (AI) are:

1) Reduction in Human Error:

The phrase “human error” was born because humans make mistakes from time to time.
Computers, however, do not make these mistakes if they are programmed properly. With
Artificial intelligence, the decisions are taken from the previously gathered information
applying a certain set of algorithms. So errors are reduced and the chance of reaching accuracy
with a greater degree of precision is a possibility.

Example: In Weather Forecasting using AI they have reduced the majority of human error.

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2) Takes risks instead of Humans:

This is one of the biggest advantages of Artificial intelligence. We can overcome many risky
limitations of humans by developing an AI Robot which in turn can do the risky things for us.
Let it be going to mars, defuse a bomb, explore the deepest parts of oceans, mining for coal and
oil, it can be used effectively in any kind of natural or man-made disasters.

Example: Have you heard about the Chernobyl nuclear power plant explosion in Ukraine? At
that time there were no AI-powered robots that can help us to minimize the effect of radiation
by controlling the fire in early stages, as any human went close to the core was dead in a matter
of minutes. They eventually poured sand and boron from helicopters from a mere distance.AI
Robots can be used in such situations where intervention can be hazardous.

3) Available 24x7:
An Average human will work for 4–6 hours a day excluding the breaks. Humans are built in
such a way to get some time out for refreshing themselves and get ready for a new day of work
and they even have weekly offed to stay intact with their work-life and personal life. But using
AI we can make machines work 24x7 without any breaks and they don’t even get bored, unlike
humans.

Example: Educational Institutes and Helpline centers are getting many queries and issues which
can be handled effectively using AI.

4) Helping in Repetitive Jobs:

In our day-to-day work, we will be performing many repetitive works like sending a thanking
mail, verifying certain documents for errors and many more things. Using artificial intelligence
we can productively automate these mundane tasks and can even remove “boring” tasks for
humans and free them up to be increasingly creative.

Example: In banks, we often see many verifications of documents to get a loan which is a
repetitive task for the owner of the bank. Using AI Cognitive Automation the owner can speed
up the process of verifying the documents by which both the customers and the owner will be
benefited.

5) Digital Assistance:
Some of the highly advanced organizations use digital assistants to interact with users which
saves the need for human resources. The digital assistants also used in many websites to provide
things that users want. We can chat with them about what we are looking for. Some chatbots
are designed in such a way that it’s become hard to determine that we’re chatting with a chatbot
or a human being.
Example: We all know that organizations have a customer support team that needs to clarify
the doubts and queries of the customers. Using AI the organizations can set up a Voice bot or
Chatbot which can help customers with all their queries. We can see many organizations already
started using them on their websites and mobile applications.

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6) Faster Decisions:
Using AI alongside other technologies we can make machines take decisions faster than a
human and carry out actions quicker. While taking a decision human will analyze many factors
both emotionally and practically but AI-powered machine works on what it is programmed and
delivers the results in a faster way.

Example: We all have played Chess games in Windows. It is nearly impossible to beat CPU in
the hard mode because of the AI behind that game. It will take the best possible step in a very
short time according to the algorithms used behind it.

7) Daily Applications:

Daily applications such as Apple’s Siri, Window’s Cortana, Google’s OK Google are
frequently used in our daily routine whether it is for searching a location, taking a selfie, making
a phone call, replying to a mail and many more.

Example: Around 20 years ago, when we are planning to go somewhere we used to ask a person
who already went there for the directions. But now all we have to do is say “OK Google where
is Visakhapatnam”. It will show you Visakhapatnam’s location on google map and the best path
between you and Visakhapatnam.

8) New Inventions:
AI is powering many inventions in almost every domain which will help humans solve the
majority of complex problems.

Example: Recently doctors can predict breast cancer in the woman at earlier stages using
advanced AI-based technologies.

Some applications of AI are:

Artificial intelligence today is not just a theory. It, in fact, has many practical applications.
A 2016 Gartner research shows that by 2020, at least 30% of companies globally will use AI
in at least one fragment of their sales processes. Today business across the globe are leveraging
artificial intelligence to optimize their process and reap higher revenues and profits. We
reached out to some industry experts to share their outlook on the applications of artificial
intelligence. Here are the insights we received:

1.Chatbots:
AI-powered chatbots in enterprises will also see an influx of people get more comfortable with
how AI can actually benefit businesses versus, say, take away their jobs. From an analytical
standpoint, AI can be incorporated into interfaces to change how they receive and understand
data.

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2. Artificial Intelligence in e-Commerce:
Artificial Intelligence technology provides a competitive edge to e-commerce businesses and
is becoming readily available to companies of any size or budget. Leveraging machine learning,
AI software automatically tags, organizes and visually searches content by labeling features of
the image or video.

3. AI to Improve Workplace Communication:

Current business communication is overloaded with content, channels, tools, and so-called
solutions, depriving individuals (and companies) from hitting targets while also harming work-
life balance. Artificial Intelligence will help businesses improve communication internally and
externally by enabling individual personalization for each professional, allowing for enhanced
focus and increased productivity.

4. Human Resource Management:

AI and Machine learning are going to drastically and irrevocably change how HR and
recruitment work in every company and this is going to be awesome. In fact, HR is likely to be
one of the first areas of business that will benefit from AI for two simple reasons. Firstly there
are tons of top quality data in HR, and secondly, HR is one part of any company that is both
essential and yet feels the pressure of time.

5. AI in Healthcare:

In the year ahead, and particularly in the next five to ten years, artificial intelligence is going
to have a big impact on the healthcare industry and the ways in which healthcare related
companies utilize AI. Here is a short note from Dr. Jeff Dunn, CEO of Redivus Health. Redivus
Health is a transformative mobile app used by healthcare providers to prevent medical errors
by offering both clinical decision support during critical medical events as well as documenting
those events electronically in real time.

6. Intelligent Cybersecurity:
In regard to cybersecurity, Artificial Intelligence is making great strides. Although AI is
considered to be in its infancy in cybersecurity and cannot always effectively address all issues,
it works successfully in data protection. AI allows companies to detect vulnerabilities or
anomalous user behavior in such business applications as ERP or Financial systems.

7. Artificial Intelligence in Logistics and Supply Chain:

When combined with customer data and analytics, physical artificial intelligence removes
friction from the customer experience. Artificial intelligence empowers businesses to act on
consumer data to drive improvements throughout many areas of supply chain operations.
Mobile technology and the “Uberization” of things have made consumers hungry for AI.
Consumers demand shorter delivery waits from retailers and retailers will expect the same from
manufacturers and distribution centres.

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8. Sports betting Industry:

In its article Sports trading and AI: Taking the human out of sports betting, Gambling
Insider argues that, “Just as more scientific analysis of sport is changing how coaches, trainers,
and clubs play their respective games, greater analysis of sporting events is helping odds
making database operators evaluate the potential permutations of each sporting event,
increasing the accuracy of that respective odd and thereby making the subsequent odds
determination easier.”

9. Retail:

Shopping online creates rich data footprints regarding the individual preferences, spending
habits and preferred channels of individual consumers. Feeding these digital breadcrumbs into
an AI-engine helps bring curated shopping journeys to mass audiences. Automated bots can
create lifelike, seamless customer service experiences, addressing the consumer on their
purchase history and known preferences.

Q3. What are MIS reporting tools? Discuss the implications of

Organizational Structure for MIS?
Ans3. Organizations use MIS (Management Information Systems) to make executive
decisions in all spheres and phases of the business. Using a management information system,
the organization is able to procure, analyze and document facts and figures on all of its
strategic business functions. Once an analysis is done, the company top management then
bases its decisions on the reports generated by an MIS. Whenever there are tweaks in the
functioning, the management is able to take corrective action immediately.
Reporting Software connects with data sources, gather information and provide insights in the
form of graphs and charts based on the input data so the user can find useful information. This
application usually comes in a business intelligence suite.
The reporting tools help in the decision-making process. Detailed insights will give you more
visibility over data. Reporting tools present the data in an attractive manner. By representing
the data in an attractive manner, these tools make data more readable, useful, and presentable.

Few MIS reporting tools are:

1) HubSpot Marketing Analytics

You can measure the performance of your complete marketing funnel in one place with robust
built-in analytics, reports, and dashboards. HubSpot Marketing Analytics everything you need
to be a smarter marketer. You can make quick and smarter decisions backed with integrated
analytics.

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2) Microsoft Power BI

Power BI is a collection of software services, applications and connectors that help you import,
process and report data in the form of compelling and easy-to-digest reports and visuals.

The Microsoft Power BI platform includes a range of products, which are tailored to certain
business needs i.e. Power BI Desktop, Power BI Pro, Power BI Premium, Power BI Mobile,
Power BI Report Server, and Power BI Embedded.

3) Answer Rocket

Answer Rocket is suitable for any business. As this tool is made for business people, no
technical skills are required. Anyone from the team can generate reports and analytics. It is a
web-based tool, hence it can work with any operating system.

4) SAP Crystal Reports

It is a business intelligence and reporting tool. It provides design interface and efficient
workflows. The tool will ensure data security and it can be used by small and medium-sized
companies.

5) Izenda Reports

Izenda Reports is a business intelligence and reporting tool. Its users can decide when and how
to access the data using this self-service reporting. It can be used by software companies and
development teams to place the BI and reporting functionality into their application. It is
accessible on a desktop using web-browser and mobiles. It can also be deployed on-premise.

6) DBxtra

DBxtra is a business intelligence and reporting tool for ad-hoc reporting. It is a web-based
reporting interface, which also provides free desktop report viewer. Its Dashboard designer
helps in creating web-based dashboards. It is a cloud-based solution for companies to create
and distribute web-reports.

7) Datadog

Datadog is a monitoring and analytics software. It provides application performance

management, log management, dashboards, and alerts functionalities. It includes full API
access.

8) BIRT
BIRT is an open source tool for data visualization and reports. This tool is used by development
teams to include the reporting functionality in web applications. Mostly it is used in Java and
Java EE projects. It can be used by all types of organizations.

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9) KNIME

KNIME is an open source analytics platform. It is used for creating data science applications
and services. It supports Windows, Mac, and Linux operating systems. KNIME is used for
financial data analysis, business intelligence, and pharmaceutical research.

10) GoodData

It is a cloud-based solution. The tool can give you visibility for sales, marketing, social and
customer service efforts. Using this tool you can deliver fully-managed insights.

Implications of Organizational Structure for MIS

MIS is appropriate for the organization because it makes the flow of information easy within
an organization from bottom to up hierarchy and vice versa. In MIS, three primary resources
like people, technology and information are involved that are used by all level of managers to
analyze the operational activities in organization. So, it reduces the need of dependency on
different people for similar working activities.
MIS contains all valuable and important informational data that could be helpful for the
strategy maker to make further and improved strategy-making process, so it reduces the
activities and involvement of first line managers. The “tall” management structure is not
effective in current business environment because of changing nature of external and internal
environment. In tall management structure, the flow of information could be effective with the
use of different techniques, but the decision making process will take much time due to
involvement of different people at different levels.

MIS ensures that an appropriate data is available against problems by the use of technology for
effective decision making and decision could come within time with accuracy without
involvement of external operational managers.

MIS is effective in tracking and monitoring to employees with the help of different electronic
instruments that could reduce the working of different functional managers. So, the use of MIS
in organization effectively reduces the structure of an organization.

The nature of organisations determine their activities, the information support they need and
type of information system they use. MIS has been described as a pyramidal structure, with
four levels of information resources. The level of information would depend upon
organisational structure.

The top level supports strategy planning and policy making at the highest level of management.
The second level of information resources aid tactical planning and decision making for
management control. The third level supports day to day operations and control. The bottom
level consists of information for transaction processing. It then follows since decision making
is specific to hierarchical levels in an organisation, the information required at each level vary
accordingly.