Notes: INDEX

1) Model
2) Bearing Pressure
3) Wheel Load Dispersal
4) Moving Vehicle Calculations
5) Footway Loading
6) Load Effects and Summary

1) Model (Back to index)

The box is analysed using a plane frame model of a 1m width of the structure. Nodes have been selected to
coincide with the corners; end of splays; mid height of walls, roof and floor; and at d (depth to centre of
reinforcement from the compression face) away from the end of the splays. (Code requires design shears to
be measured at d from the support see BD 31/01 Clause 4.1.1(d)).
Variable actions are analysed using the short term modulus of elasticity of concrete.

2) Bearing Pressure under Base (Back to index)

Member actions are calculated assuming a trapezoidal pressure distribution across the
base to conform with the elastic matrix method of analysis used for distributing the loading.

3) Wheel Load Dispersal (Back to index)

BD 31/01 Clause 3.2.1.(c)(ii) allows wheel loads to be transmitted though the fill down to the top of the
structure with a dispersal of 2 vertically to 1 horizontal. The load on a metre width of structure is calculated
using the transverse dispersal of all wheel loads that may occupy the carriageway. Figure 3.2 of the document
shows how to determine the intensity on a metre strip where dispersal zones overlap.
Clause 3.2.1(a)(i) says that there is no dispersal for UDL or KEL loading.
Clause 3.2.1(d) says that when the dispersed width is less than the spacing between longitudinal joints (Lj) a
further lateral dispersal of the load may be made at 45° down to the neutral axis of the roof slab.

4) Moving Vehicle Calculations (Back to index)

Moving Vehicles KEL, HB, Construction Vehicle and Footway Accidental Wheel load are moved across the top
of the structure in increments. The spreadsheet calculates member actions and records the maximum effect
on each member for the full range of positions of the vehicles.

5) Footway Loading (Back to index)

BD 31/01 Clause 3.2.2 allows the UDL of 5kN/m² to be reduced to 4kN/m² if the structure also supports a
carriageway. However an accidental wheel loading also needs to be considered unless an effective barrier is
provided between the footway and carriageway. An effective barrier is one which has been tested to contain
the standard of vehicles allowed to use the carriageway on the structure.

6) Load Effects and Summary (Back to index)

The "Load Effects" worksheet contains an envelope of the maximum load effects for each member of the box
for each load case considered when the moving vehicle traverses the full length of the structure.
The "Summary" worksheet provides an envelope of all the load cases analysed and displays the results in a
'design friendly' series of tables.
As the results are presented as an envelope of the load effects then when designing for combined effects
at a node (i.e. moment + shear + axial) the result will be overestimated because the values are not concurrent.
In order to combine concurrent effects then the critical vehicle can be placed in the critical position by
selecting the 'Static Vehicle' option in the 'Vehicle Position' dropdown menu on the "Input_Data" worksheet.
 Title: Box Culvert
Moving Vehicle Vertical Actions on Buried Concrete Structures to BS 5400 & BD 31/01

Input Data
Geometry (m) Construction
Internal length 'X' = 2.5 Depth of fill 'H' = 1 m
Internal height 'Y' = 2 Road Construction Depth hs = 0.2 m
Thickness of roof slab 'hr' = 0.3 Length of structure parallel to walls 'LT' = 20 m
HELP
Thickness of floor slab 'hf' = 0.3 Length between longitudinal joints 'Lj' = 20 m
Thickness of walls 'hw' = 0.3 Edge of carriageway to face of headwall = 4 m HELP
Horizontal distance of roof splay 'Shr' = 0 Concrete Cylinder Strength of floor slab fck = 40 N/mm²
Vertical distance of roof splay 'Svr' = 0 Concrete Cylinder Strength of walls fck = 40 N/mm²
Horizontal distance of floor splay 'Shf' = 0 Concrete Cylinder Strength of roof slab fck = 40 N/mm²
Vertical distance of floor splay 'Svf' = 0 Average cover + ½ bar diameter = 0.07 m
Young's Modulus of soil to foundations E = 40000 kN/m² HELP
Live Loading Selected
BS 5400 Live Loads: HA wheel load & 45 units of HB
Member Properties
Theta Eshort-term Area I
Member L (m) (deg) (kN/m2) (m2) (m4) End1 End2
1 0.15 90 20606275 0.30000001 0.00225 1 2
2 0.23 90 20606275 0.30000001 0.00225 2 3
3 0.77 90 20606275 0.30000001 0.00225 3 4
4 0.77 90 20606275 0.30000001 0.00225 4 5
5 0.23 90 20606275 0.30000001 0.00225 5 6
6 0.15 90 20606275 0.30000001 0.00225 6 7
7 0.15 0 20606275 0.30000001 0.00225 7 8
8 0.23 0 20606275 0.30000001 0.00225 8 9
9 1.02 0 20606275 0.30000001 0.00225 9 10
10 1.02 0 20606275 0.30000001 0.00225 10 11
11 0.23 0 20606275 0.30000001 0.00225 11 12
12 0.15 0 20606275 0.30000001 0.00225 12 13
13 0.15 270 20606275 0.30000001 0.00225 13 14
 14 0.23 270 20606275 0.30000001 0.00225 14 15
15 0.77 270 20606275 0.30000001 0.00225 15 16
16 0.77 270 20606275 0.30000001 0.00225 16 17
17 0.23 270 20606275 0.30000001 0.00225 17 18
18 0.15 270 20606275 0.30000001 0.00225 18 19
19 0.15 180 20606275 0.30000001 0.00225 19 20
20 0.23 180 20606275 0.30000001 0.00225 20 21
21 1.02 180 20606275 0.30000001 0.00225 21 22
22 1.02 180 20606275 0.30000001 0.00225 22 23
23 0.23 180 20606275 0.30000001 0.00225 23 24
24 0.15 180 20606275 0.30000001 0.00225 24 1

Live Loads

Traffic Loading
Notional Lane Width = 3.65 m
Number of Lanes = 1
Fill Depth H > 0.6m: HA UDL + KEL not suitable (See BD 31/01 clause 3.2.1.(a)(ii))

HA Single Wheel Load

Wheel Load = 100 kN
Axle is positioned adjacent to the edge of the carriageway.
Transverse wheel load dispersal L = Contact width + 2 · H · 0.5
Transverse wheel load dispersal L = 0.302 + 2 · 1 · 0.5 = 1.302
Curtailment of transverse dispersal occurs if it projects further than the face of the end wall
Dispersed width < Lj so disperse to neutral axis of roof slab.
Transverse wheel load dispersal L = 0.801 + 0.801 = 1.602
Wheel Load: 100 kN
Dispersal Length: 1.602
Load on metre strip = 100 / 1.602 = 62.422
Longitudinal Dispersal = 1.302 Hence distributed load = 62.422 / 1.302 = 47.943 kN/m
Distributed load 1.302m long applied to box in global Y direction = -47.943 kN/m

HB Vehicle
Number of Units = 45
Axle Load = 45 · 10 = 450 kN
Vehicle positioned with wheel 1 at edge of carriageway in Lane 1
Transverse wheel load dispersal L = Contact width + 2 · H · 0.5
Transverse wheel load dispersal length L = 0.32 + 2 · 1 · 0.5 = 1.32
Curtailment of transverse dispersal occurs if it projects further than the face of the end wall
Wheel 1 Axle Width = 3.0m Wheel 4
Dispersal Length: 1.320 1.320
Depth of fill at which dispersal zones overlap = 1.0 - 0.32 = 0.68
Transverse dispersal of full axle = 0.66 + 3.0 + 0.66 = 4.32 m
Dispersed width < Lj so disperse to neutral axis of roof slab.
Transverse axle load dispersal L = 0.81 + 3.0 + 0.81 = 4.62
Hence Load on metre strip = 450 / 4.62 = 97.403 kN
Longitudinal Dispersal = 1.32
Hence distributed load for Axle = 97.403 / 1.32 = 73.79 kN/m
Distributed load 1.32m long applied to box in global Y direction = -73.79 kN/m.
Each axle load is applied as a single patch load and no check has been made for longitudinal overlap.
Loads are moved incrementally across roof slab, load effects are determined for each position.
Bearing Pressure
Bearing pressures are determined for each loading condition and applied to members 19 to 24 in
the floor slab as a trapezoidal load in the global Y direction.
 Information Axis Notation Positive directions
Information
Y
Z
Global Axis
1 1 X
Structure
Structure

Calculate Results
SelectCalculate Results
Variable Action Type Local Member Axis

Vehicle Position Numbering Notation:

Node Number 1
Member Number 1

LP

LP

HELP
Partial Safety Factors for Live Loading
(See Table 3.2 of BD 31/01)
gfL = 1.5 HA carriageway loading
gfL = 1.3 HB carriageway loading
gfL = 1.5 Footway and cycle track loads
gfL = 1.5 Accidental wheel loading
gfL = 1.15 Construction traffic

gf3 = 1.1 See Clause 3.3.3

Load Effects for BS 5400 Load Models

Loading: HA Single Wheel Load

Member Actions (Local Axis) Distance from node 7 to front edge of distributed patch for leading axle
_______End1________ _______End2________ _______Minimum________ _______Maximum________
Member Fx(kN) Fy(kN) Mz(kNm) Fx(kN) Fy(kN) Mz(kNm) Fx(m) Fy(m) Mz(m) Fx(m) Fy(m) Mz(m)
1 79.2 -3.202 -13.461 -79.2 3.202 13.415 1.302 2.051 1.302 1.302 2.051 1.302
2 79.2 -3.202 -13.415 -79.2 3.202 13.662 1.302 2.051 1.302 1.302 2.051 1.682
3 79.2 -3.202 -13.662 -79.2 3.202 15.785 1.302 2.051 1.682 1.302 2.051 2.051
4 79.2 -3.202 -15.785 -79.2 3.202 18.251 1.302 2.051 2.051 1.302 2.051 2.051
5 79.2 -3.202 -18.251 -79.2 3.202 18.987 1.302 2.051 2.051 1.302 2.051 2.051
6 79.2 -3.202 -18.987 -79.2 3.202 19.467 1.302 2.051 2.051 1.302 2.051 2.051
7 3.202 79.2 -19.467 -3.202 -73.821 11.771 2.051 1.302 2.051 2.051 1.452 2.42
8 3.202 73.821 -11.771 -3.202 -65.37 -11.619 2.051 1.452 2.42 2.051 1.682 1.302
9 3.202 65.37 11.619 -3.202 27.345 -35.891 2.051 1.682 1.302 2.051 1.4 2.051
10 3.202 -27.345 35.891 -3.202 65.37 -11.621 2.051 1.4 2.051 2.051 2.42 2.8
11 3.202 -65.37 11.621 -3.202 73.821 11.773 2.051 2.42 2.8 2.051 2.65 1.682
12 3.202 -73.821 -11.773 -3.202 79.2 19.467 2.051 2.65 1.682 2.051 2.8 2.051
13 79.2 3.202 -19.467 -79.2 -3.202 18.987 2.8 2.051 2.051 2.8 2.051 2.051
14 79.2 3.202 -18.987 -79.2 -3.202 18.251 2.8 2.051 2.051 2.8 2.051 2.051
15 79.2 3.202 -18.251 -79.2 -3.202 15.785 2.8 2.051 2.051 2.8 2.051 2.051
16 79.2 3.202 -15.785 -79.2 -3.202 13.668 2.8 2.051 2.051 2.8 2.051 2.42
17 79.2 3.202 -13.668 -79.2 -3.202 13.429 2.8 2.051 2.42 2.8 2.051 2.8
18 79.2 3.202 -13.429 -79.2 -3.202 13.476 2.8 2.051 2.8 2.8 2.051 2.8
19 -3.178 -78.957 13.476 3.178 65.051 -9.638 2.051 1.302 2.8 2.051 1.302 2.8
20 -3.178 -65.051 9.638 3.178 45.572 10.336 2.051 1.302 2.8 2.051 1.302 1.302
21 -3.178 -45.572 -10.336 3.178 13.911 23.957 2.051 1.302 1.302 2.051 2.8 2.051
22 -3.178 -13.911 -23.957 3.178 -45.572 10.345 2.051 2.8 2.051 2.051 2.8 2.8
23 -3.178 45.572 -10.345 3.178 -65.051 -9.647 2.051 2.8 2.8 2.051 2.8 1.302
24 -3.178 65.051 9.647 3.178 -78.957 -13.461 2.051 2.8 1.302 2.051 2.8 1.302

Loading: HB 45 + Associated HA

Member Actions (Local Axis) Distance from node 7 to front edge of distributed patch for leading axle
_______End1________ _______End2________ _______Minimum________ _______Maximum________
Member Fx(kN) Fy(kN) Mz(kNm) Fx(kN) Fy(kN) Mz(kNm) Fx(m) Fy(m) Mz(m) Fx(m) Fy(m) Mz(m)
1 125.418 -3.202 -32.155 -125.418 3.202 31.874 3.12 9.5 3.12 3.12 9.5 3.12
2 125.418 -3.202 -31.874 -125.418 3.202 31.444 3.12 9.5 3.12 3.12 9.5 3.12
3 125.418 -3.202 -31.444 -125.418 3.202 30.003 3.12 9.5 3.12 3.12 9.5 3.12
4 125.418 -3.202 -30.003 -125.418 3.202 28.927 3.12 9.5 3.12 3.12 9.5 11.11
5 125.418 -3.202 -28.927 -125.418 3.202 28.86 3.12 9.5 11.11 3.12 9.5 11.11
6 125.418 -3.202 -28.86 -125.418 3.202 28.817 3.12 9.5 11.11 3.12 9.5 11.3
7 3.202 125.418 -28.817 -3.202 -112.995 16.377 9.5 3.12 11.3 9.5 3.27 3.97
8 3.202 112.995 -16.377 -3.202 -95.328 -15.483 9.5 3.27 3.97 9.5 3.5 1.32
9 3.202 95.328 15.483 -3.202 36.54 -50.342 9.5 3.5 1.32 9.5 1.4 3.74
10 3.202 -36.54 50.342 -3.202 95.328 -15.486 9.5 1.4 3.74 9.5 2.42 4.6
11 3.202 -95.328 15.486 -3.202 112.995 16.378 9.5 2.42 4.6 9.5 2.65 9.75
12 3.202 -112.995 -16.378 -3.202 125.418 28.818 9.5 2.65 9.75 9.5 2.8 2.42
13 125.418 3.202 -28.818 -125.418 -3.202 28.86 2.8 9.5 2.42 2.8 9.5 2.61
14 125.418 3.202 -28.86 -125.418 -3.202 28.927 2.8 9.5 2.61 2.8 9.5 2.61
15 125.418 3.202 -28.927 -125.418 -3.202 30.004 2.8 9.5 2.61 2.8 9.5 2.8
16 125.418 3.202 -30.004 -125.418 -3.202 31.445 2.8 9.5 2.8 2.8 9.5 2.8
17 125.418 3.202 -31.445 -125.418 -3.202 31.876 2.8 9.5 2.8 2.8 9.5 2.8
18 125.418 3.202 -31.876 -125.418 -3.202 32.157 2.8 9.5 2.8 2.8 9.5 2.8
19 -3.178 -125.201 32.157 3.178 111.205 -15.128 9.5 3.12 2.8 9.5 3.12 2.8
20 -3.178 -111.205 15.128 3.178 89.937 13.893 9.5 3.12 2.8 9.5 3.12 1.32
21 -3.178 -89.937 -13.893 3.178 18.58 53.687 9.5 3.12 1.32 9.5 4.6 2.8
22 -3.178 -18.58 -53.687 3.178 -89.937 13.905 9.5 4.6 2.8 9.5 2.8 4.6
23 -3.178 89.937 -13.905 3.178 -111.205 -15.129 9.5 2.8 4.6 9.5 2.8 3.12
24 -3.178 111.205 15.129 3.178 -125.201 -32.155 9.5 2.8 3.12 9.5 2.8 3.12
Load Effects from Variable Traffic Actions
Maximum Load Effects in Wall Members 1 2 3 4 5 6
Maximum Tensile Axial Force = 0 kN
Maximum Compressive Axial Force = 125.418 kN
Maximum Shear at d from Haunch at Node 3 = 3.202 kN
Maximum Shear at d from Haunch at Node 5 = 3.202 kN
Table of Maximum Moments(Mz) with Axial(Fx) and Shear(Fy) (Effects not Coexistent)
___Tension on Outside Face___ ___Tension on Inside Face___
Node Mz(kNm) Fx(kN) Fy(kN) Mz(kNm) Fx(kN) Fy(kN)
1 -32.155 125.418 -3.202 0 0 0
2 -31.874 125.418 -3.202 0 0 0
3 -31.444 125.418 -3.202 0 0 0
4 -30.003 125.418 -3.202 0 0 0
5 -28.927 125.418 -3.202 0 0 0
6 -28.86 125.418 -3.202 0 0 0
7 -28.817 125.418 3.202 0 0 0

Maximum Load Effects in Roof Members 7 8 9 10 11 12

Max. Sagging Moment = 35.891kNm at 1.4m from Node 7 and vehicle positioned at X = 2.051m from Node 7
Maximum Tensile Axial Force = 0 kN
Maximum Compressive Axial Force = 3.202 kN
Maximum Shear at d from Haunch at Node 9 = 95.328 kN
Maximum Shear at d from Haunch at Node 11 = 95.328 kN
Table of Maximum Moments(Mz) with Axial(Fx) and Shear(Fy) (Effects not Coexistent)
___Tension on Outside Face___ ___Tension on Inside Face___
Node Mz(kNm) Fx(kN) Fy(kN) Mz(kNm) Fx(kN) Fy(kN)
7 -28.817 3.202 125.418 0 0 0
8 -16.377 3.202 112.995 0 0 0
9 0 0 0 15.483 3.202 95.328
10 0 0 0 50.342 3.202 -36.54
11 0 0 0 15.486 3.202 -95.328
12 -16.378 3.202 -112.995 0 0 0
13 -28.818 3.202 125.418 0 0 0

Maximum Load Effects in Wall Members 13 14 15 16 17 18

Maximum Tensile Axial Force = 0 kN
Maximum Compressive Axial Force = 125.418 kN
Maximum Shear at d from Haunch at Node 15 = 3.202 kN
Maximum Shear at d from Haunch at Node 17 = 3.202 kN
Table of Maximum Moments(Mz) with Axial(Fx) and Shear(Fy) (Effects not Coexistent)
___Tension on Outside Face___ ___Tension on Inside Face___
Node Mz(kNm) Fx(kN) Fy(kN) Mz(kNm) Fx(kN) Fy(kN)
13 -28.818 125.418 3.202 0 0 0
14 -28.86 125.418 3.202 0 0 0
15 -28.927 125.418 3.202 0 0 0
16 -30.004 125.418 3.202 0 0 0
17 -31.445 125.418 3.202 0 0 0
18 -31.876 125.418 3.202 0 0 0
19 -32.157 125.418 -3.202 0 0 0

Maximum Load Effects in Floor Members 19 20 21 22 23 24

 Maximum Tensile Axial Force = 3.178 kN
Maximum Compressive Axial Force = 3.178 kN
Maximum Shear at d from Haunch at Node 21 = 89.937 kN
Maximum Shear at d from Haunch at Node 23 = 89.937 kN
Table of Maximum Moments(Mz) with Axial(Fx) and Shear(Fy) (Effects not Coexistent)
___Tension on Outside Face___ ___Tension on Inside Face___
Node Mz(kNm) Fx(kN) Fy(kN) Mz(kNm) Fx(kN) Fy(kN)
19 -32.157 -3.178 -125.201 0 0 0
20 -15.128 -3.178 -111.205 0 0 0
21 0 0 0 13.893 -3.178 -89.937
22 0 0 0 53.687 -3.178 -18.58
23 0 0 0 13.905 -3.178 89.937
24 -15.129 -3.178 111.205 0 0 0
1 -32.155 3.178 -125.201 0 0 0
Construction Vehicles

Enter details of Construction Vehicles (if any) that need to be ana

Over-write values in the table below; these have only been provide
W1,W2 etc = axle weights (kN) X = Track Width (m)
A1, A2 etc = axle spacings (m) Wheel square contact area (
Vehicle Length X W1 A1 W2 A2 W3
Reference (m) (kN) (m) (kN) (m) (kN)
HTM 804 1.8 70 1.65 70 3.25 93
T282C 5.6 2000 6.55 4000
TA230 2.5 115 4.35 210 1.7 210
MK88 2.31 125 2.34 125 2.9 120
LTM11200 2.6 118 1.48 118 2.08 118
hb 3 450 1.8 450 6 450
s (if any) that need to be analysed. (maximum of 10 vehicles)
these have only been provided for demonstration purposes
ck Width (m) length width
quare contact area ( 0.4 0.4 m) is based on BD 86/11 Cl. 3.14
A3 W4 A4 W5 A5 W6 A6 W7 A7 W8
(m) (kN) (m) (kN) (m) (kN) (m) (kN) (m) (kN)
1.25 93

1.65 120
1.5 118 1.48 118 3.07 118 1.5 118 3.3 118
1.8 450
 Gross
A8 W9 A9 W10 Weight Vehicle No of Max
(m) (kN) (m) (kN) (kN) Length Axles W
326 6.15 4 93
6000 6.55 2 4000
535 6.05 3 210
490 6.89 4 125
1.48 118 1062 15.89 9 118
1800 9.6 4 450
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
 Symmetry Check (1=unsymmetrical)
Check

861.75 1002.45 1
13100 19650 1
1052.75 1618.375 1
1628 1688.05 1
8891.3 8437.59 1
8640.0 8640.0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0