FLUID KINEMATICS

Diego Andres Gonzalez – 508547

Universidad Católica de Colombia

What is the kinematics of fluids, how
important it is in everyday life and in Civil
Engineering; and how can such phenomena
be studied? The kinematics of the fluids deal
with the description of the movement of
fluid particles, without worrying about the
forces that cause that movement or the
forces that that movement causes. So the
issues dealt with concern the position of the
particles, their speed, the change in speed
and the variables directly associated with the
description of the movement. There are two
great theories for understanding the
kinematics of fluids and their behavior, one
called by Euler and one by LaGrange.
LaGrange says that the characteristics of a
fluid particle (speed, acceleration, position,
speed among others) can be analyzed
following the path generated by that particle
over a period of time; while Euler states that
the characteristics possessed by that fluid
particle can be determined by the passage of
the particle in particular points, that is; that
at a certain point in the path, the particles
will possess a number of characteristics that
will allow their study. To describe the flow
behavior in a region, the concept of control
volume (VC) formed by the space delimited
by a closed, real or virtually closed control
surface (SC), where one of its characteristics,
in general, will be the permanence of the
shape and the size of the volume thus
delimited. The permanence of the space
occupied by the control volume means that
the particles occupying it are not always the
same. The amount of particles will also be
variable when the flow is not permanent.
This method makes it easy to description
flow and fluid behavior. There are also
different flows that determine the study of
their kinematics and allow to identify which
ones have or do not have properties that
make them flow more easily for later
application in engineering. The classification
of flows is due to the variable that is of
interest in a given situation. These variables
may refer to the fluid or flow itself, and these
include the viscosity and density of the fluid,
or the permanence, order, region, vorticity,
and spatial behavior of the flow. Each fluid or
flow characteristic will give rise to a
particular classification and there is a variety
of characteristics other than those already
mentioned
These characteristics allow to identify the
type of fluid and flow that is being used,
whether this flow is ideal or in any way can
be idealized for its best study. Flows can also
be uniform, non-uniform, permanent, or
non-permanent. Uniform is one for which its
characteristics are constant for a
longitudinal, non-uniform section is one for
which its characteristics change in a
longitudinal section. A permanent flow is one
that has the same characteristics in a certain
time and the non-permanent is one in which
its characteristics change in a specific time.
Flows also have properties that can be
intensive or extensive. Intensive properties
are those that do not depend on the amount
of substance present, for this reason they are
not additive properties, when the intensive
property is multiplied by the amount of
substance (mass) you have a property that
does depend on the amount of substance
present and is called extensive property, as is
the case with the mass, with the amount of
movement and with the time of the amount
of movement. Every day we find clear
examples of the kinematics of fluids, when
we open the key to the sink, when we
observe a river, a dam, a treatment plant,
etc. The importance of their study lies mainly
in the objective of seeking better
development for people, in providing them
with the possibility of better service, in the
case of water; and to improve industrial
processes for greater efficiency and
efficiency. In civil engineering its application
is very wide and vital, since it allows the
realization of wastewater treatment plants,
the use of the flow of rivers for the creation
of hydroelectric plants, providing a better
and greater development for the population
of the areas where these projects are carried
out. The possibility of creating aqueducts and
sewers to bring drinking water to the
population and at the same time transport
waste generated through pipes and
sewerage to remote areas. Its application in
engineering is very wide and thanks to its
development it has been allowed that over
time, the quality of life of people improves,
having greater efficiency in the different
services provided to the population of a
certain territory. The study of flows and
fluids comprises a number of quite complex
aspects that require a very broad study but
that allow development in very efficient and
obvious projects that allow the population
belonging to a country to access a better
quality in the provision of services by the
government and therefore improve the
quality of life of the population, which is why
engineering projects are highly required and
fundamental to improvement.