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Ex 2 2 FSC Part2 Ver3 PDF
Ex 2 2 FSC Part2 Ver3 PDF
2 (Solutions)Page 53
MathCity.org Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12
Merging man and maths Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 3.0
Question # 1
Find from first principles, the derivatives of the following expensions w.r.t. their
respective independent variables:
3 −2
(i) ( ax + b ) (ii) (2 x + 3)5 (iii) ( 3t + 2 )
1
(iv) (ax + b) −5 (v)
(az − b)7
Solution
3
(i) Let y = ( ax + b )
3
⇒ y + δ y = ( a( x + δ x) + b )
3
⇒ δ y = ( ax + b + aδ x ) − y
3
= ( (ax + b) + aδ x ) − (ax + b)3
= (ax + b)3 + 3(ax + b) 2 (aδ x) + 3(ax + b)(aδ x) 2 + (aδ x)3 − (ax + b)3
= 3a (ax + b)2 δ x + 3a 2 (ax + b) δ x 2 + a 3δ x3
(
= δ x 3a (ax + b) 2 + 3a 2 (ax + b) δ x + a 3δ x 2 )
Dividing by δ x
δy
= 3a (ax + b)2 + 3a 2 (ax + b) δ x + a 3δ x 2
δx
Taking limit as δ x → 0
δy
lim = lim 3a (ax + b) 2 + 3a 2 (ax + b) δ x + a 3δ x 2
δ x →0 δ x δ x →0
dy
⇒ = 3a (ax + b) 2 + 3a 2 (ax + b)(0) + a 3 (0)2
dx
dy dy
⇒ = 3a (ax + b) 2 + 0 + 0 ⇒ = 3a (ax + b) 2
dx dx
5 5
= (1) (2 x + 3)5 + 2 (2 x + 3) 4 δ x + 4 (2 x + 3)3 δ x 2 + ....
1 2
5
... + 32 δ x5 − (2 x + 3)5
5
5 5 5
= 2 (2 x + 3) 4 δ x + 4 (2 x + 3)3 δ x 2 + .... + 32 δ x 5
1 2 5
Dividing by δ x
δy 5 5 5
= 2 (2 x + 3) 4 + 4 (2 x + 3)3 δ x + .... + 32 δ x 4
δx 1 2 5
Taking limit as δ x → 0
δy 5 5 5
lim = lim 2 (2 x + 3) 4 + 4 (2 x + 3)3 δ x + .... + 32 δ x 4
δ x →0 δ x δ x →0
1 2 5
dy 5
⇒ = 2 (2 x + 3) 4 + 0 + 0 + .... + 0
dx 1
dy dy
⇒ = 2(5)(2 x + 3) 4 or = 10(2 x + 3) 4
dx dx
−2
(iii) Let y = ( 3t + 2 )
−2
⇒ y + δ y = ( 3(t + δ t ) + 2 )
−2
⇒ δ y = ( 3t + 3δ t + 2 ) − y
−2 −2
⇒ δ y = ( (3t + 2) + 3δ t ) − ( 3t + 2 )
−2
−2 −2
−2 3δ t −2 3δ t
= ( 3t + 2 ) 1 + − ( 3t + 2 ) = ( 3t + 2 ) 1 + − 1
3t + 2 3t + 2
−2 3δ t −2 ( −2 − 1) 3δ t
2
= ( 3t + 2 ) 1 + (−2) + + .... − 1
3t + 2 2! 3 t + 2
−2
2
6δ t −2 ( −3 ) δ t
⇒ δ y = ( 3t + 2 ) 1 − + + .... − 1
3t + 2 2 3t + 2
6δ t
−2 3δ t
2
= ( 3t + 2 ) − + 3 + ....
3t + 2 3t + 2
−1 3δ t 3δ t
= ( 3t + 2 ) ⋅ −2 + 3 + ....
3t + 2 3t + 2
Dividing by δ t
δy −2−1 3δ t
= 3 ( 3t + 2 ) −2 + + ....
δt 3t + 2
Taking limit when δ t → 0 , we have
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FSc-II / Ex- 2.2 - 3
δy −3 3δ t
lim = lim 3 ( 3t + 2 ) −2 + + ....
δ t →0 δ t δ t →0
3t + 2
dy −3 dy −3
⇒ = 3 ( 3t + 2 ) [ −2 + 0 − 0 + ....] ⇒ = − 6 ( 3t + 2 )
dx dx
1
(v) Let y = 7
= (az − b)−7
(az − b)
−7
⇒ y + δ y = ( a( z + δ z ) − b )
−7 −7
⇒ δ y = ( (az − b) + aδ z ) − ( az − b )
−7
aδ z
−7
⇒ δ y = ( az − b ) 1 + − 1
( az − b )
Now do yourself
Error Analyst
Irfan Mehmood 2015-16 Fazaia Degree College Risalpur
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