You are on page 1of 51



D\


0LOP\TIKXJRIIWRIITIV


F\IQNT)NNGSM+IVSG.M\1MLWF]7NFLO$1NDK)N
QM]IO\WVKINQJK-LNGZS$N

QW])LOHSRZZSDQWK8LN1DK+I)N
H/HKVDKNM-NJI<N-4UKG
F/NKJJK+I)NI\\KQWK8WZ)N

F]J-HKRS!F/JJLWDSX]1O1

YGJ-NGSMG-GZSDLNDKM 1MLWIV )ZSM-HII3X+:N QUDMSDK)N

N]]K6N 1WHMGKDS'N I\WSDZSWZZ 1WOGKDS'N NGSMG-


PEJJLOM1MLWIV WWSX]/1NDK)N  PWG- JSZ1MLWIV 1W:JO\KN

[WQWK8W8I)N [WQWK8WSMNKI  PLND\KN  YG1W ‘JSZ7QN\\KN

;QXKI)1N’YGZK+


)XTIS\ 8H- NGSMGKIJ JKS]NSMM NGSMG NKGMLM NLZM-I

QIKVV.DGZIK\NY-YGJ-DK8I)NQMKSDK-NGSM)\MMSGH3]O
QHED WX\KZZS\ 0IJQJKSD IK\J J)MSDS\ PWG WS\T)ILVJ 1JK\!
NL\I)LIILV$N NXIISLVILV$1N MG FLZWSONKII QIK]/

WKRHMKG  F]7IIKI WS\T)ILV 1WOLODKEGKG WS\T)ILVJ


1JK\1W 0LO Y-7N P]SDKN\ WKRHMKG  IK\1WKOOMMS\ NKGMLM
NLZM-I QIKVV 1W]/N YGZ F]+7 9ZJOO QJK2- PW'I)

0LODKII ISLOMMLW L\IV! MLRIV! NXJJOLOIV NZ:N


WS\T)IVSG 1MK\I61NDK)N YG1W QMKOIIMMS\ PWG PWZLZ1D
0LODKIP]SHMKGPWWRIIN WX\KZZSG H3]OQHEDIK\JJ)MSWLX

PWGSON H3EMMS8HM- PWWRIIN UTI IK\MMS<N PWGSON QMKO+H-


H3EMM-PMZ)UUTI\IISDTIVUKGZVSIISGZG

 126


 NIIVSG PEJJLOM 1MLWDKG FLO J\1W: QJK8VIVS\S8H-


MDKKSIIJJOOG MLR! NXJJOLO 1JKGZWZLZ F/MMSD 0MSNGSMG MG
1MO\K\ WS\T)IVSG 1MK\SLG$N F/MM\KGKG JSGG+ HKIKSI

WV+UUSDK\ FHMJJOOWG (`\KLOILV FZJMMS QUD$N HSL\I)


FD+HMKG WWLI GZKNJEHSL\ WV+UUSDS\S8H1M QMKL\1HKI)
QJZJJ/ISZ-JRHMNSRU.MKDMLMJQJK:MMWLXDS\FLODSG1MLWLD

HSLZ7 QUDD X]/ WLIDKG WRS.LZILVU QUD\J/MMS WH-VVLN


*\GKISZ-[G:WZSDW+I6I)F]1WK/FLOLD$N ISLOIIU QUDM\!
NZQZKG: FLODSG FZJMMSI) PEJJLODKG QMKRS\SLGJ QJ8I)M\

YGJMK)N
 MGLG HKE W8N WZSDW+I)N! JK]+I)N PW+IVSG ISRSU\
0LOILVI ILVH-! *MMKLOILV F/IIUQUD$N JRHMNSR PXU+IVSG

QUD\ILVJ *ZHK'`: IKO/ISZ- PWWK: WRTIJJOO 0LOIV J\WLI


(]1WL\JJK/ILVI QIK]OMKI7N! J\WLIM QMKRS\(OJTIVSG
QWVSJJKOKI7N WSVTISG JKNJSG 1MK\ 1JKGZ WELW$LODG7N!

TIS\SG FVJIIMMS\ FVV 1MKL\J 1JKGZG7N! QHDDJJOO (`\


LRIVSG WKSLU PZSD .EDKM! * 1WL\JJKO/OG EDG7NKISD
0LOILVWZSDW+I)IQIK/M-F/IIUQUDMQUDMSDSLG!

   ͚JKN*KSDGGWEWSGIKNJSG

   ILRJ/QUK\SDSGSLRD]SWKXK

   []*TI\STI.E!2 

YGZ JKO\EIV IKO/ISGZG LMJ 1JK\! N]S! QJKG! .M-II1VK/

J\1W: WLIDKG FLOILV WRTISD QUDMSLD! ͚1W:JOO 7LO$4!

1U:JOO M5N*N͛3 YGZ PEIV IKO/ISGZG 1N<N! 0LOI6I) W]]N

9Z:N .LZDSLGJ JRHMNSR+ IZZS8HMG+ YGJ1MK/! IO\ PL\ 1JKGZ

0LOILV FZJMMS QUD$N WGLN QIK]E8HMG+ YGJLM$N! ͚H3\I

IULUJ*WKXKLO͛4 YGZPE$N!͚1IKOOTI]]S$TQIK/HMSLXDKLO$N͛ 5

YGZPE$NIKO/ISGZG

 127


 QHU7M QMKRS<I) PEJJLODKG J8MMSLD FVHKOE1\1D


WSLVWSMM QUDMSDSLGJ *ZHK'`: IKO/ISZ- J8MMS NS)MSDKIJ

JDSKSOJJOOLM! ͚J8MMS 1W\SU U3:`+͛6 YGJMS<N PZSD.EISZ- 1MK/!

QHU7MQMKRS\S\ QJ]IV /JO/ WHMLNIIKG )ZSJ*I6N *ZHK'`ZZS\

IK]JJ/ISGZG MLG! ͚J8MMSJ QJ]EG J'W \GG͛7 YGZ PE

F:MSQUDISZ-1N<N!͚J8MMSJ QJ]EG US:M3 WSVIIM-͛ 8 YGJMS\ W3OEG

WSVIQIKVSDS\QJ]IV(`\(`ZZQUDMS$NQMKSDW8ISZ-
 WWLIU QUD\JK/IV FLODSG 1MLWLDHSLZ7QUDDJRHMNSR+

1NZQIK]OQMKL\1HKI)MMSOOTILVQWVSIIKO/ISGZG
NXJJOLOIIV 0LODKIP]SDJJOOLN)ZSM-N QJ]IV MLR$LO

P]SHMLN )ZSM-N UTI \IISDTIV WSKSWKIJ 1J5ISGZG  ‘U3LXLMD

F/ILID+’YG:MS8.8IKZ:JJLO:ISZ-

0LOWLIIV

‘0V JKMS 0LO JKMS’! ‘0LODS\\K NGSMG PLX NGSMG’! ‘1MKZZN

M8N9ZZN’YG'NQMKO+IVFLODSGGZSDLNDKLNLDF]+M-WG

(`L\ (`Z: 0LODKI QHD- P]SWMZ) .G NGSM U.MKDMMSG

QMKOII IK\MMS\ MNSR+IV L\ILV$N! MLRILV$N FLOM-I


1IK+M- 0LODKI P]SH- QIK]OG+  1N<N! NXJJOLOIVSG 1MKL\
FKSM- NX7KSDKLODKI7N! WS\T)IVSG 1MKL\ FKSM- 1MK\KLODKI7N

P]SHMG+ (`\ (`Z: 0LO QHD- P]SDJ JRISD JSGG+ I\\KLO!


J8MMSDKLO!JOOKLO!QJKGGKLO!WOOKLO! I\STIN!-IS\!P:LWYGJ
J\F/ILIILVF/I)NHKIKSINQJZZG+


FLO$NF/ILI$N

FLO YGJ- 1W:# F/ILI YGJ- 1W:  FLOMM\K\ FLO

YGJJOO-  F/MM\K\ F/ILI 0DSZ:  QMKOIIIK\MMS\ NXMMS\

 128


8H- L\ILV FLOM-I 1IK+M- P]SHMG+ FLO YG'N


WSLGUQUK\!FLOM-F8WKIIJJOO0LOI)NQJDXKDSZ:
MNSR+IV MN-PZSWSG MSZMMK\ (`L\(`Z:JJ\W]]0LOILV

QHDDI IZ:I QIK]OG+ XKOLODS\ (`Z:M MZSDS\ QHDM 0LOILV


FLOIIM 1MLWDS8IIWS\L\ 0GK\ PHM 0LOILVM -]SII7N!
)LZII7N! P:II7N 1W]EDS8HM- -]SIIJJOO 0LOIV -]/

YGJJOOG)LZIIJJOO0LOIV LZYGJJOOGP:IIJJOO0LOIV
P:LW YGJJOOG LWIQV\\KN HN HKO/I LIMMZSI IL\DSG
U3+LNI)UUSZJJKGY/M-IIKO/IVKISGZGMZSDS\QHDDJJOO0LOILVU

1UL\IVKI7N! 1WOEIVKI7N Y/M- F/M-I QIK]OG+ NXMMS\S8H-


FLOIIJJOO 0LOILV FLO YGZLMJ 1JK\ QHDDJJOO 1HXEDKI
F/M-IQIK]O0LOWLIILVF/ILIYGZG+

F/MM\K\ FLO YG: :W- MW: YGJ- MGK\ QMVSWKISZ-


FLO! F/ YG'N 1W+UQUKZI6N MLGM QMVSWKI)N QHDDJJOO
0LOILVF/II0XNJSMMHSL\LD!

F]JLWHKRSF/JJLWX]1O9

F/ILIRHMWGLI1JK\10

YG'NWKSIVQWVSJJ/M-ISGZG

L\DKLO$N
L\DKLO$N!MLRDKLO$N

0NJ\! )WLV! QHDM\ .M\KGWZZSG L\IVK<N N\+IVK<N
I\H- PLNIIJJ/N 0LO L\DKLO *IIVSG *Z MRILV H3IIS
L\IVS\NSIIGWZLZNOONQUD-H:IISL\DKLOMDKKSIIJJOO-

\IISDTIVS\ J\ OTIVS\ ML\WG ML\WSI) L\DKLO$N!


MLRDKLO$N LI$LZDKII QIK/MMKG YGI IK]JJ/ISGZ-WD\!WXJ*!
1N/! JVVN! IK/! ILX YG'N QUK\\/I)IV ZJJ/NQJK2- [GZKI

L]M1M ZJJ/ISGZG  0GK\! [WQWK8 QUK\\/I)IVS<N IK]JJ/N


8QUKZI6N [1XQJK8LVI )ZSJJGP\\WD\ 1W:#WD\S\ HONKO
FM7N ILXJJIMSDKISD WXJ* 1W:  1N/ YGJ- 1W:# 1NOEGSG:

 129


MKRWKG J)MSLDI )ZSI)N JVVN YGJ- 1W: IK/ 1W:# IKOEG


Y\L\J J)MSDKISD ILX YGJ- 1W:# UQUKZILVJ 1JK\MMKG
L\DKLO$N!MLRDKLO$N

ISLVIVS\S8H- -VS+JJ- L\ NXMMSG! QUEDSG QIKEDSG


-VS+WSO/ WV+HM ISLVIVS\S8H- JZSMM L\ILVI QIK]/
F8WKIIJJ/W- L\DKLO  *NSDS\S8H-  1HXEDKIM MLRM- W8W-

MLR  MLRI)I ISLVI1VK ISLVDSG L\I1VK 8IIK-  1IKLXJ*\


.M\KG *\ WLII1V MLR YGJJ/ISGZG  US: ISLVILV FLOMM<N
FLOIIJJOO ISLVIVS\ FVV L\ILVJ JZSMM<N! L\DKLOI)KSD

QUD\IVMLRLDFLOII1WKJZSII1WD\K-QIKDDMMKG.E$N
1MKRS$OG WHM ML\WS JX]SG N3- PN+H- MSLGJ*GMLMI IKW\
QUDISGZKV  LODSLO1D JKO/IV JKE$N! P8WSDS\ H3XKE$N! *IILVJ

JZSM- NKL\IV QMK/M-N! QMK/MM NKL\ILV P]SH- NISRHM


ML\WSLDJJZZSI)ZS4USJJKO/)ZSJJS/ISGZ-
0KSD PXUG JSXIMM'I)M MNSR NIIVSG J]JK/ILV$N PMG

JDGJK/ILV$N QMKSWSJJMZ) YG1Z IJS\+ )ZS4USJJKOELG Y2MSGK+


PI)ZS4USJJKOE\ ML\WS 1MKRS$OG MSLGJ*GMMS\ GS1M QJK2LMI
IRSMMLMJ JZZSI )ZSJJS/NQJK2-!ML\WS$N 1MKRS$N 1U+H-0LOILVM

MDKKSM-I QIK]OLMI IJS\+ )ZSJJS/ISGZK+  PWWK: ZS W8NQJK2-


ISLV$N!ISLVI)FKSDM2N L\I6I)FKSDQUD\KGJZSMML\$N!
ML\WS$N1MKRS$NQUDDWS\L\MN LODS\ F/MMSI QIKVVIQIKD$N

MGLN$LOD MLRLDI QIK]/ MLRDKLOLD F8WKIISG+


II8M-IILVQD\\KNFVVOIIS!

……………ISLVMRJZSDK

LJWSKSP\)VQIKDMLRLM 11

YG'NWKSIVQMVS7J/M-ISGZG

QJ]IV LODS\ L\DKLO$N! MLRDKLO$N P]SHMS8HM


IK\MMS\ MN NK+JIMMSG NLZJJKIM QMKDDS\ Y2-N WRIIN 8HM-

 130


UHMGMLMJ *US NK+LJ NLZM-I QIKV6ML\I QMKDDS\ Y2-M\


YGZG+MLG!
,DJSMS+HMU]TI]SQNG.L\1N\

QMKDDS\Y2-1IK12

YGJMGK\PZSD\KISZ-YGISGZK+OKIO+1I1IJSVLVPW+IV
JM-JJKO/ 0XKDUUS YG'N (`\S\ N XKUNK]SII.N PIIK\J

QJ]E+ /JJSZ) 1N\ YWWSM 0LO$N P]SHMMKII Z .EDWS\L\


YG:Y/M-LXIISGZK+
(`\KLODSLGI I]/ JSEMM HSL\DSLG YDMSD JSZ) QJ]IV

MTIV 1N\KLODKI WN*! WK+! IU5 YG'N 0LO WLIILV P]SH-


QIK]OG+

X]S
X]S

NIVS+ H3XK/N1JK- P]S$N 0LODSLG X]S YG: UTI
\IISDTIV :ISGZG H3KS\ MSLVM- WSLVDK/NQJK2-! NTLID+

P]SHMS8HM 0LO .2W-N H3KSG XN QUKOOU QUKOOI IK]JJ/WMLG


X]SYGI)ZSJJSOOG+MLG!
X]SP]SDSGI\NSIHWSG:

M]S*G\K/NMLINS)1JK+II] 13 

WS8NJSDX]SQNDD3XNM3X14

W-LWX]JSJQJK\SHMHNQNK/

*-W-WHMIKWSKS0E1DK1X15

VH-L]NIVSQXK/X]SIL\

H3+QJD+H-0ED16

YG'NUKG:IVSGWKDS\KIF]X\KN
*OOIN YGJJ/N *OLWILV$N H3XK/TIK\M- NIVS+ P]SH-
QIKVW-]/ YG: 5O/ISGZK+ .LGW+ IMS\IWMS PW+IV UTIIK\

NIVS+WKRWSD\!J 

 131


NX7KSDKLO
NX7KSDKLO

NL\ HKOE\ WKRHM )ZW+IV MLRDKLO NO/NGZS NXMMSG
JOLOILVFKSM-IQUDDJJOONX7KS0LODSLGP]SHMG+YGJMLG

J5HMLR$NNX7KS$NLUHMSO1WF/J1JKN

……………………………………………………

YTIV)ZI)EI)P/MMD\JS-IK]N1N17

YG:QJKMSDNL\I)ZW4USJK/ISGZKV

NL\HKO/NIIVNO/NGZSNKMWN*KSHM.GSW+I6N NX7KSMKSM-I
QIK]OG+U3LXYG'N QUK\ NX7KSLDI )ZSI)NMS80WSGG)EYGJJ/N
JRGS NL\DS\ .ILG WRSJO WHM .GSW+IV U3LX F/MMSDS8HMG+ U3LX

LMDF/ILID+18YGISGZK+HII3X+

P1DKMMSNKHIKS\ PXU1IK\N -ZH--Z7I1IK\N *LGH-IKGIN

9ISDXKN'OG QUGZU3LM$N NX7KSMKSMMS8HMKVMLG‘U3LXU 5ZZSM

MS8NIVJSGQU\’YG:INJ+)ZSJJS/ISGZK+


1MK\KLO
1MK\KLO

IKO/ WS\T)IVKISD NKG! *\S! DKLG .M\SDWZZSG 1MK\ILV
0LODKIJ JDGJ/MMSD HSL\DSLG$N IK]\KISZ- WS\T)IVSG 1MKL\

FKSM-MMDKKSIIJJOOF/ILI!0M\K\PWZLZFKSLWYGPLRMMG+

…………………………NKGSG

FKSLNLMD&GQI/NGJSG

YG*Y2H-DT)NDKILID+19

YG: MS80WSGG)EI) WRSJO WHM .GSW+ILVJ JZZS HII3X+


HWS\ISGZGK+
QJKGGK+1NGSDLGJ *\SMMK\ PLXI)PLUM-YG:*\SM1MKL\U

USWQJ8NKGP]SHMS8HML\M1MWKXNJK/ISGZ-DKLGDSG1MKL\UUSWG
1JK+MMS8HMLNLDULUW(`\IVIKO/ISGZG

 132


I\\KLO
KLO

I\\KLO YGJ- IKWSDKLO -ZWSD+I) FKSD- IKWSII\ YGZ
PKSDQMK8 I\ MNSRIMMS\ F]/  PHMI I\\S\ JOO -]SI6N IKWS

HSZMLMJ JZZSI QIKV6N G: -]SI6I)U UKDN 9Z:N QMKRS\

(Dyeing) 0LO MDKKSJJS\ MGSMMQMK8 OMLM WISIISGZ- GLZI)

XKDSXN0]/I6I).G1JIKWSII\S\MN-0LODSLGM1MKDM-IIKWS
HSZ1NZZSD 0LODSLGM -ZWSD+IV F/MMSGK+IV UQUDMSLD!

‘I\1MKDM-F/MMJEWJJK+JJKG’ 20YG:HJ*MGK+HWS\ISGZK+

-]SI6I)U UKD1NZ:N QMKRS\(OJMMSZ) HMI I\\KLO .LZ


PEJJLODKI PLNHMS8JJLM F]+H- HKN QJ8LN QIKVV\KN H3\

HSZMLMJJZZS‘H3\IIULUJ*WK+0LO’YG:*ZHK'`:)ZSJJS/ISGZ-


J8MMSDKLO
SDKLO

J8MMSLD$N PMG JDGJK/ILV$N PZSH- QIK]O J]LOM
MNSR+IV J8MMSLD WSLVWSM-I QIK]OG+  WSLVHM J8MMSDS\ 8H-
J4USLG Y/M-I QIKOLO H3IISG+ JSGG+ WS\\K\ PEM-J J4USLG

QHISRU QUDMG+ QHISRHM J4USLG (`\KI (`Z: 0LO QHDMG+


J4USLGWS\\K\PEM-QHISRMMLM!

   WS\YZSJ4US21

   Y):J4US22

YG'NQMKO+IVK\PZSD\KN

J8MMSOLOIVW3/HSLZP/IISLWIIJJOE8HMLM!
1IKLOJJ8MMSW3/HSLZQJDM

LOJJ]ON 23

YGZJ)MSQMKSWSIISGZ-
J4LU (`\KI)N J]SDS\ /JOO QJ]IV J8MMSJ QJ]E+ YG

PLRIIJJOOG+

 133


   J8MMSJQJ]EGUS:M3WSVIIM-24

YGJMGK\MLGPZSD\KN
J8MMSJ QJ]E+ MN- LILDI QIK]/ XKOEGI IMSKS\ J4LUU

QU<MMS LRDKI NKZZS (`\ (`ZISGZKV  (`Z)N (`\SLG F8WKI)N


*\W8N J8MMSJ QJ]E8I) [JJKWK+  J8MMSJ QJ]E+ LI JDGJ/W-
1JK\J *\W8I) WKD XKOLOI IMS+ 1JK\ *\WKSG NMS IMSKS\S8H-

J4LU F8WKI)ML\J 1JK\ *\WKSG NMS (OJMMS\S8H- JLOIIJJ/N


QUKZIV J4US\S8H- (`ZIJJ/N LRLDJ 1JK\ QUKZILVI QIK]/
QUDDJJ/NQUD$VMLG!

J4USMGQUK\\KJJ'W\LRDKIU
QU4QUKZ*\W1G1UDSLRDKY4UKM
LI1DWKDKIIIMS1XNMSDKI

LNDS\K(`\.E$NK:25

YG:JW]HMS.GSW+WSVI)ISGZK+

IZ)N (`\SLG Y2-N *\WLXJ J8MMS (`Z)N J8MMSJ QJ]/OG


ISJS  IK\IOOMMS\ WKRHM JW]HMSDK+ [JJSO/I :WMS\S8H-
J8MMSDSGQU\WKILI$N!QMKGLNLD$NHKNHG)F]X\KN

QN\\SD LRIVK\ 0LO QHDDJJOO-  JKNJSG UOLOLDJ 1JK\


QNGLNDKG0LOIVQHDDJJOOLM!
1HKI)(LRI\\K(]LND*IIGSH-

PX7KSDGGP:LWH\IS26

YG:N

   JKN*KSDGGWEWSG27

YG:N!
*LILDJ1JK\(OJJNKG0LOILV!

*LIWSKSHMGGQJKT)-IS\F%

0WSDGGPWS+(`ZI\STIN 28

YG:N\IISDTIVDN*ISGZG

 134


JOOKLO
KLO

1NO/I)EDSG+ JOOKLO F/MMS NISRHMG+ JOOKLOLD (`\KI
I\STIN YG: )ZSJJSOOG+ JOOKLOIVS\ QIKOLOIILX PLNM-

PR):MMJJOO- YGJMLG! ‘QIKOLOI ILXD JO/LO’29 YG'N J)MS

QMKSWSIISGZ-

QU\WNIVS+MN I]W'OG [GZSDS8I)NIK\MMS\ MKN IOEDS8HM


JOOKLOIIUTISWSOKMJEILVH-1WZZKLO*LGW+MLG!
-L]J*]+HMNONTLID+

JO/H3IIS-IS\F/M-N 30

YG'NJ)MSQMKSDUQUDISGZ-

QJKGGKLO
KLO

IIK\MMS\ IL\IVS\ USZHMW+I6I)J QJKGGKLO 1JK+M-N

WRIINNS)H-W8ISZ-QMDWTI6I)VQJKGGKLOMS8NK<I)FKSD-

‘QJK\N *WKLODS\ QJK\SH-1MKG:N QUTI] QHE1DKG’ YG:MS8NKL\U

US\JJMSIKXNJK/ISZ-


JON!QNDJLJ
J

 G: HKN UOLO YG: :WMZ) [MM F/JJSLGJ JON YG:

ZSG+MLG!
PE*LMPX]NYDMSJJON*I)

JON*)NS1\UU+31

YG:)ZSJJS/ISZ-
QNDJLJ YGZ FO\ .2W-N 1JK+MLMJ 1JK\ IK]JJOO

0LODSLG

  QNDJLJ*IIQW8W81MKZZM-32


YG:HJ*MGK+HWS\ISGZK+

 135


H38LOII\STIN

PXUGSON J]SDS\ 8J1JK+ MKN P]S$N 0LOI)N 1UKZZS\S8H-
WEIIJJOO I4USLD  OOG+  MLG! 1UKZLN 7ZZ H3XLOI I\STIN

YG: \IISDN 5O/ISGZ-  WWLI 0LO QNKXQNKXJJKI 8HMMK\


.8TIKII\STINYG7N)ZSIIJJOO-


WLI0LOIV

US\JJMSIKXMMSG FLXDS\ PEDK+I) H\\K+  WLIDKG 0LO

WLIILVI)ZSJJS/ISGZK+
1IKUSIN! J3MIN! JUUSL\! PXMMN! (]-IS\! 5]]N! WOIN! J45
XO/! JKOIN! 1IKTIW+! 1IKJON! USMMSXIINJS! )8MS! IKSD\! 1JOIN!

*KSDOON!IK5!1WMTIN!*TI+IIKRIN!US\\SLU!-`KSDN!JTIN!HHMSDN!
W]LO! IWZ:NE! (`\DKJ*! MS8I)! 1MWKTIS! QJKGQG2M-! )UUKS!

1MWISKS!IKM-`\N!ISLZ4US!QUNQJKMMS!J]SJQJKMMS33YGJGPLW

 “0TIMGZS$N;TIS/NJXJJSG

 WTIOOM-MQMK]E1DKKSOO

 PIS<T-IS<N0X.NWKU.N

 4K)I8J*X.45NH-OGWHM…”34

LWMMWSX!HN-NIIV INJVS0LOILV$N!JDGJ/MMSG+NL\
Y\S NDSXK<N! 1WZ US\ WS\T)IVSG NDSXK<N 0LOILV QHDMK+IV
0LOI6I)J *1WL\ILVU QUDMK+IV JO/J *OLWIVSG .HMKLGDS\

)4UN LWM-I IOOJJOO-.HMKLGDSGWSVSNJSVQIKZLI.M-IILV


LWM- L]MMG+  QJKG W]/IVSG N4UV! H3\N! JULU W]]
USZ)ILV L]MMG+ US\ -IS\ WLIIV NSI7N W2W2JJKI WRIISU

UKS$N 0LOI6N 8HMMKI PZSD\KISZ-35 -IS\I6I) H:N]N

&OOJJOOLMUS\N*ISGZ- 36

 136


QHDM\JLIMMLR
MLR

QJKGLN QW]LN J5LN HSZN QIK]O J\ N\+I6N I\H-
ISOHMK<N LODS\ LO1D N]S1JK\ ISOH- NSVS+M\SG QHDM\ JLIM

MLRYGZKV

‘QHK-N\KV+QIKVVK+LW1D’37YGZ-H3D\\KMKKS\ J*JJZSJJW+

\L\YGJMKN
QJ:MZIKSD.MLMJ JXMW+WSZ)N QMKRS\ )EDS\ JSZHMWV ML\WS
0WKVMLG!

WLVJ/.MMNJXMW+JI8N
IO\QI2QIK]IGIKM\NONIV
QIO\8N-DXNH\ISJ

JO\SGJKD\WWWSH\IS1DK1V38

YGJJKO\:ISZ-
UTIS\ JSZI)N .M-IILVI QIK]+H- JXMW+ 9DLG HS\MMS\

WKRJW+I) WSZ)N IO\ QJK8HMSD QIK]IGSG PG*NIV H3II .EDKM


-DXMLMM MH-! I] /M\KG GSD FZIIMLMI IW+H- QIK]OKV
YG:ML\WGZSGKG 

L\MLRIV

L\MLRILV$N N\+ILV$N NX\HKKS<N HLZ HKKS<N QMK/M-I
IOEM MLR$LODKIJ QJ]IV P]SHMMZ)U UTI \IISDTIV
UKGZVSIISGZG

.EHM)\L\L\$LOH:N*
QUTIKGNXKPMMWK\S]KSLODS/*
58N*]MQMK/MMQJ8HM]NKMMLR

MS8H-IKR\)\MSLVJJF% 39

YG:NIVS+MLR$LOD]SHMQUDMSLDHII3X+:ISZK+

 137


M3H3+JQJ8T)]/5LGJ*MM)WLVI

NJWSR.2QHZS*XVW8NP\)V 40

YG:IJS\8N!

PVSDMK1NUS:QWVVKNJ\

LVDNKIMMLRDKDSG1W41

YG:;I+NKUKMMGK8NZS$VVG+
H3XZWZSDKHS\.MZI\HM
I8T)XQGKUUSII]]K+) FMMLR

QN\\SD\NIVSLXMI\\)Z

QZKOL\DKI7NI]OGN 42 

YG:QHKUUSMMLRIV QJ]IVK\ MLR$LODKIP]SDJJOOMZ)QWZSJKED

IKNIIK]SDK+UKGZVSIISZK+MLG1D1NKUSI3XGK8N
N]S-]+HMGGNKI)XQGKUUS

QMKE$LODNIVSX\)<TISOMMS43

YG:QHKUUSLD1HKIISI:WMKIJJKE$VVK+ 
ML\WS 1MKRSD8OG  WLIJJOO N\+ILVI IKOEZQIKD- WH-

JKLZDS1\ )WSM- PWZZSG *ZWSMRILV H3IIS! JKNJSG JON 1JK\J JXHM


P\)\SOM1M MLR$LODKI P]SHMKV YG: IJS\+ )ZS4USJJKOE\
:ISZK+  NIIV I]UINKI WKRHM IK\IOOMMS\ NKGMLM NLZMMSO

PNNIV MLR$N 1MK2N FLODKI P]SHMG+ YGJMLG \IISDTIV


:ISGZG


J8MMS0LOIV

QMKOIIMMS\ NGSMG! QMGLG ;L\! JLG1DKL\! JLGDI]S!
NX\HK+! HLZHK+ .M\SDWZLZI QIK]/ QJOE! IOIN! 1JLR! JSRK! WOE!

WL\ .M\SDWZLZU QUDDM QMKSH- QIK]E8HMKG JSGG+ J8MMSDS\


8H-J4QU/II7N (`\ (`ZI7N 0LOQHDD7N QMKSH-QIK]E8HMKG
PWWK:(`\ (`ZI7N 0LOQHDD7N NGSMG QMKSH-QIK]OIK\N Y-

 138


YGJ- DK8I)N QMKSDK- P- HSIRH- 0DSXII]IIKG 0]/IV


0ISDS8II\KNUTIIK\MMS\J8MMSQHU7MQMKRS\QJZZS8HMWV+UUSLDU
UTI(`\IVHNI)IKO/ISGZG

.\L\ HS\MMS\ &LXU R 8HM HS\TIVS\ J8MMS WSLVHM-


J8MMSU QUEDS\ WSLVH- .ZZS QWEM-IISOHM J8MMSLDU 1UIKSM-
LOIVS\ MS]SM- PLOM- W3/I6I)I QIK]/ WHMG+  UQUDMSLD!

‘1IKLOJJ8MMSW3/HSLZQJDMLOJJ]ON’YG:*ZHK'`::ISZ- 44

JKSUS\ 1W]E WHM JK]+I)U 1UKRG )V.ZZM-M -4USD


ISVVSWVWG F]WVSM- F]JSMM QUD<I)! J8MMSLD LOIVS\

PLOM- MS]SMM QUDL\ H\\SLZDGK+ YGZ *\W+ FWLNDKII


IKO/ISZK+ 1IKLODSZ QIK]O J8MMSDSGSG:N QIKOLO H3IISU 5IS+HM
J4USDKG- HSLZDMMS]SMM QJKMSDKISD J]ON HSLZHMS8JJ- 1JK\

QWVVSD &G -]OTILVI QIK/M- F]JSMMKG YG: ISL]JQJK8HG


ZZKILWM-PW+JKE$VVK+

‘J8MMSIIKD .ZZS QWEMMGKZ ISLOI)N J4LU WS\\K\

PEM-U5MMJ QUDMG+’ YG: HZZSL] :ISZ-45 J8MMSDS\ 8H-

QIKOLO H3IISJ J4QU/M- WS\\K\ PEM-U 5MMN QUDM\ (`\ (`ZZ\

.M\SD 1WL\ILVJ QJ]I1V QUDMG+ PJQJ]IV J8MMSJ QJ]E+


YGJJOOG+ W1WL\ILVJ QJ]IV JI\S\ NO/N\\K-! X7
1HXTIVS<NWSVI)LWM-IQIK]/QH/1HXNWLXQUDMG+MLG!

USLZ$4QUZLZ$N*LO$HQV2HM

J8MMSJQJ]E+US:M3WSVIIN 46

YGZ*ZHK'`Z:JJKO\EI6N
   0VS\QJ]E+MKVSZQUDM

(]T)(]J'W\YG'N 47

HZZSL]J JKO\EI6N QMVS7Z F]+M-ISGZG  (]]SD J\WKD J45


(GSIVK\ LIW\ NIAF MG- QUDLI NK]JSGK\ ;KSLRJJ/MM\KN

F\IM- (`\ (`ZZQ\GJ-” YG: J4US\ 8H- QJ]IV (`\ (`ZZ-

 139


)ZSM- LZDGK+ IVWSD\ MMSX FLXIKX+ :ISZK+ MLG1D

“J8MMSJQJ]E+J'W\”YG:*ZHK'`::ISZ-


 PELNU UIMMS\ 0]LOIVSG QUK)5 NSII 5I1JKINKG
WKRILIIIKI PELNIVKIIJOO 0]I6N QJ]I6N X7 JI\ JKXK-
W1WL\ILVU QUDMG+ PMGK\ PW+IVSG )ELU .ZZQNT)N
48
J45M-D JXWSIISOHM-  - )ZSM- “J4US .GZSZ USZZS\”  YG: *ZN

:ISZ-

 J4US\S8H- (`ZIJJOO (`\S\ 8H- 0LOIV QHDDJJOOG

0LOIVSG (]LN$N QNGLN$N 1HKIIS PLW “(] *TI\STIN”

YGJJOOGI\STIHKOEGSG:N0LOIVZI)NMSQUDDJOOLNDK\ PLW

I\STIN YGJJOOG JO/ U3GMMS\ 8H-N J8MMS 0LOIV I\STIMMS\


8H-NMNSRINWHMGYGJLM$N\IISDTIV:ISGZG

‘JKN*KSDGGWEWSGIKNJSG

ILRJ/QUK\SDSGLRD]SWKXK

   []*TI\STIN 49


YG:N MS8N\XGG *- NE YG:N 0LOIVSG QNGLN$N (]LN$N

)ZSM-U UTI\IISDTIV 1J5ISGZG‘H3\IIULUJ *WKXKLO’YG:*ZN

:ISZ-  ‘1IKJMMGG 1MKDKJ *H-IS\’ 1IKJMLMQDKMM HSZN JSEDKM

D\JKG USWJJKISD *MQMKR\SLG$LOD -IS\  YG: MS8.8IKZ:JJLO

:ISZ-50 ‘*LI .IHMGG NKUS\-`WLO’ YG: QU\W+IV P]SHM

0LOIVSG QNGLN$N -`DLN$N )ZSM- PH(`\ 1N<N 1J5ISZ-51

0]LOIV P]SHM 0LOIVSG QNGLN$N 1NGLN$N JZZS$N PRISD


*1WL\JJK/I6OG PWWKLOIV WSVTISGLN )ZSM-N UTI \IISDTIV

WSKSWKIJ 1J5ISGZG  0LOIV H3\N QUNLN .M\SD  W]]TIV


1MKDIIJJOE8HMQUDMSLD$NPLW)ZSJJS/ISGZG


 140


JOOKLOIV

 QU\W+I6N PXU+I6N PRISD 1WL\JJK/  NSII (]]SD
JOOKLOILVM MK.N  F/MMSG+ MNLNJ *IRH- JKED *\W+I6I)N

MKGNKIWRTISG+YGZQUDMSLD!

‘JKUS1WKSGNKQUK/)LZHM

-GGZUSMKP+H3IISM-`D

QIKOLOIILXDJO/LODH\IS’


YG:N

‘NKUS\IKN*QUK\SMMGGP:LW$%’

YG:N

‘*LX1DKG1NGSJ*H-ISZI\STIN

FLXQU\W8VS1DK1G

*LZDSLUD8WSJJKDZ1IK1W’52

YG:N QUDDJJOO FLOILVM MG *IR YT)N JXW H\ISGKG YG:N


\IISDTIVWSKSWKII:ISGZG

 QU\W+I6N 0]LOI6N PXU+I6N P]SHMS8HM 0LOILV


NO/N\\K-! PXU+IV JDGJ/MMSD )LOIV! QIKEIV! JMKLIIV
.M\SDWZLZ$N PELNIV QUD- QIK/MMG+  P2IIKG 0LOILVJ

*L\MMS 0]LOI6I) QW6M-I QIK/MM QUDMSLD$N UTI


\IISDTIV:ISGZG

‘IV+JJ/WZ1ZK]EHK6N

*L\MMSIR3D-`QWVV:LW…

YG:*ZHK'`::NUQUDMS.GG+IZJJO/VV-

‘H\MMLIJ*L\MMSJLU1MKDMQM/M-M

ML\J*LO1JKIISMM]IDMMSOO

   H3KSZJSKSDKJJ FMMSKS’53

YGZQUDMSLDI):HQMKLI:ISZ-

 141


‘1UKZLN7ZZH38LOII\STIN’ 54

YG:N-LXIIK4US:ISZ-
 WSRK HKOIVS\ *L\MMS NS)MSDKG 0LOILV 0]LOI6I)

QW6M-I QIK/MMKV YGZ QUDMSLD HZZSL] :ISZ- QW6MM

0LOI6I) PISZ*LI$OOJJOO QUDMSLD N-LXIIK4US :ISZ-55

‘QNG'`ZI\STININR*LIN/JJ’YGJ-NKT)EN8MGKKSGZZK)N

FLRI)N NIIVKG FRW+ IVN+ .M\KG PELNIV NKZ:LOI)


WRSDS\\KN\ 1IKW]M-O'N P2IIKG 0LO$O'NMKG 8HMG+

P2I)N IHM<NKG 0LOIV )ZSM-J JKSUS\8N JK]8NKG *\W+IV


ZS$VV QUDMSIV ILOD+ ILOUSDXKG FLRI)N NII6I)N QJK8H-N
WD\IVS\ QMKVSI\I)M\! HKZ:H/M\! ILVJZSMM\ .M\KG J]SILVU

QUDM QJ]IV ILOUSD+ YGM MKRWKII I8MJJOOG+ PJQJ]IV


MLRLD1DFLODKIP]SH-NKGMLMNLZM-IQIK]OG+
NIIV I]UINKI 1WOLODKE$N HSL\ 1NDM-N WKRHM IK\

IOOMMS\ HS\WSD W:LN$N JZZKI )LZ$NKG HSL\LN! FZJMMSJ


QJ8II.N QU\WJ QJ8II.N 9ZJOE8HM PELNU UIMMS<N FLRI)N
NIIVWKRILIDS\H3EII1WQUDM-

‘QIK]LOILRMM]OLRIILOUSD+

USZNKQ]DM\0NJQ\K/IO)N

N\T)NSVS+QU:’

YG:WD\S\ILVJZSMMILOUSD+MLR$LO1DP]SHMS8HMG+YGZMLGJ
*ZHK'`::ISZ-

PELNIVKG 0]I6N QJ]I6N MTIV- FLRJJSG JDLG!


0]LOIVSON JZSQIK/MMG+ 0]LOIV MTIVSG 5I 1JKIM-IIKI7N
0ONJXM-IIKI7NPELNIVSGFLRJLJFZS4USG+PELNIVFLRM-

FZJMMS QUD- QIK/MM 0LOILV$N 0JX]TILV$N# 0]LOIV


P]SH- MNLN P\TIKSM-I QIK]/ 0ONJXNKI WKRHMG+ F]7N
FLO$N JSZ7N FZJMMS QUDM FLRJJKVSIV PWZLZ P'JWSII

 142


.EDWS\L\ 0]LOIVSON PWZLZJ JZSQIK/M- WSO/ P\\\JOOG+


W:LNDS\ WKEG+! 1WOLOU UINKI7N 1NDUU\ UINKI7N WKRHM
IK\IOOMMS\ MLR$N 1MK<N 0LODKI P]SH- IK\HMVVSD- 1JK\1W!

FZJMMS QJ8IS FJKSHSL\ YDMS8HM PELNU UIMMS<N MLR$LO$N


P2IIKG IHM\ 0LO$N P]SH- P\\\ JOOG+ YGZ QUDMSLDU UTI
\IISDTIVHNI)IIKO/ISGZG

NIVS+0LO
NIVS+0LO

 NIVS+ I\STIN YG'N! [8WLI 0LOLD P]SHMG+56 P- I\STI

HKOE\S8H-WHM-YGJ-PJQJDXK\ QJZJJ/NIKHMKXHKOE\S8H-WHM
)EWLIIHMKXNYGJQJD+QJZZ-[J*1HKIIMMK)N1IKLO!)VS+.M\SD

IK\TI6I1IZJ!FLONKZZSF/MMSG+YGJ-͚JO/H3IISM -ISQX/M-N͛57

YG'N PEDK\ QJZJJ/N *G\KOU QU\1WK+ ͚PMZQIGM MGS 0LO

F/MMSG+͛!P-*OOIN!X]SYG:WRTIJQJ:N

 ͚*OOIN QJK8H-W *LG)1WK8N#58 0NJ\! P1UK) .M\SDWZZK\

 LM59
0G MLRDKLO F/M-I IOZILXU 1UKL\DS\ T) NISRHM

PIHK'`:!HZZSL]600ISD\IISDTIVF]+M-ISGZG

 MSL] UK+HM QJK8VILVJ I8N*M 1MKLI! LWI1IK\  JDGJ/MMS

8JJSO WUMSLD 9ZJ/MMSI QIKVV\61 -`]I6OG ED USZZS\ILVI

IO/M\62! IOOOTIVSG F:MSJJKOEZ)M 1MLWDKG QJK8VILV FZJMMS

QUDM\! FDXNKG NKOTILV F8WKI)M\! JK-IKJ*OG ED PX]ILV


9ZJ/M-M\! IO/NKGJ J]SDS\ QMKRS\(OJMMSLGJ JDGJ/M-M\ 1JKGZ

J\HSL\ILVJ*ZHK'`ZZSGWRSPZSD.EISZ-
 HIKS\ IOOOTIV NSI FDXNKI7N! NL\IVSG OOMLMJ 1JKG:

QH8IINKI7N PLNHMS8HMLM! ͚NL\II]M MGG NKO4 US\NJQWG͛63

YGZ PE IKO/ISZ- 1M 1JK\! FD+HM! N]SLDWSO PMSINKI [VSW35N

 143


NKOMMSLG! ͚IMS+WS/ N]SDSZ I]QJK8 NKON͛64 YGZ JKO\E IKO/ISZ-

N]SLDWSO PMSI JVJVJ*M MGLN QIK]O NKON YGJMGK\ JVST)I

IZILVI I]OZSH- JOLOM3O/N (OJN LIWXJQJZZS8HMLN QMVSWKISZ-


JRHMNSRIMMS\ USZZS\IV 8HMLMJ 1JK\1W QHED 5W+ILVI QIK]O

\\TI6N IK]JJOOG MLG! ͚QH/45W+ H\\SZ *\NJI ILOIRSH-͛65

YGZPE5O/ISZ-
 LWD\\KN\! IOOOTIVSG F:MSJJKOEZ)! N]L] PLXM-J

USQN]O  JDGJ/MMSD QMKRS\(OJMMSLG$N! QUNLJJ 1JKGZ W<WKG


1IKOLOILV PLNI)N QUD\MSZLG$N! ;EW8N NLRH3KSLGM
1MIISLWM- 1WVK]LNI)J JDGJ/MM! PLZ$N! QJKLZ$N PLNHM

J)MSILV L]M- WLVHM WEWS\K PL]IV IO/N FMMSDSLG$N


JRHMNSR+LIWXJQJZ:VVG+MLG!

   ͚PLXN]S4USHKOQIKE(OT)N͛ 66

YGJMS<N!

   ͚QUN*ZR*KSLUUQUNN]-`+͛67 

YGJMS<N!

   ͚PLZ$NQJKLZ$N]HMML\D

   Y]]KOETIVLGDQIK/TILX͛68

YGJMS<N PZSD.EISZ-WZZSG WRSJRHMNSR+IVSG IOOOIIL\(OJ.N


QMKL\1HKI)NQMVSWKISZ-


4KR\0LO
0LO

 ML\WG MG- IKM\SDSG D\LJM 1MKRGSON :ISZKG PWV

UT) WLVD\ILV$N! 4KR\ MLRDK\ 0G 0LOILV$N P]SHMWV


YGISZKG

   ͞IOZ1IK/QUZSHMWLVWKK.GLII

 IRSJJMQMKOKHM8NJ\HM\

 144


 IKG\4KR\IWSGQJ:MLRDV
 WLXDXNIVSKSGPKSDQVG

 HSLZD8QH4UNQIK]QOKVSM1MK1V͟69


P]SI\G
P]SI\GIV

 UTIIK\ NIIV J\1W: WLIDKG P]SI\GILVJ JDGJ/MMSD
WRIIN UTI \IISDMMK\ *\GKISZ- IK\S\ QJKGGK\KG UMTLI!

/JJS1\ QJKGN]SDS\KG WON! PMG1N\ USWHM JWR WOTIV PWZZSG


1N\ *H-IS\ LIDS\ PRIS\ QMKE! WKV! N2J 1JKGZ P]SILV
QH8TIIIOE PMG X]/ *ZMMS<N IKLV F8WN MKTISD JWRMMK\

QUDMP]S!.M-N J\N]SI6N JSZ7N 1IKMMG:WOTIV PWZ:I)

1N\ H3\J*J 1JK\U QUDM N]SNKL\70 0ISDWZLZU US:W+I) P]SWSM-

PR)QUDMG+*\SJJ\ MK\SLDU USZK+I) P]SWSMMG+71NZW+ IK\IVS\

W3XIIR\ P]SW-N QJ]E+ QN\\EDS\ US\NJ]SM<N WRIIN72

JLIDXUGSG ML\DS\ P]SHM QJKG .EDSLG F8IIS! W3XIIR\ QUD-!

NGG+ IK\S\ P]SHMG+! QH/4QURSDG IS]IS]S ILVHM IK\S\ W3XIIR\


P]SHMKG 1MKVS\ P]SHM QMKELD H3IIS! WS\L\J JZZSGKG! I]]S$N
MK8N P]SH- ,NJLOMMK\SLD PIZZK HSL\DS\ QJKXU QUGZKG JK\

WSO/! F]7N GZS MKG F]]M QMKOTISGKG YG QH/4QURSDG


VLNDS\ QJK8MMLNLDI IKO/N LOI)G:`+ ISRK+ JKO\! VLN

P]SI\GILV PZSWSJJ1MK/ PWG- J8W NKZZMLM$N *\JJ/M-ISZ-73

HVVS YG'N WVV\ 1WOLODKOU QUGZ1JK-! *\WKSON ͚IKO/ HKO1ON͛!

1W: FD+HM QJK8V YGJK\ TIS\L\ YGIZS! PW+I) NK+JS\ *]O


WDT)IKR 0XMLM$N .GLIDS\  P]SHM IOIMLM$N PVSMMKG YGZ
QUDMSDK\! 0XN IOIN YG'N P]SILVJ JZZS PZSIS1ZKN QMKE! NTI\

P]S! .M-WON! WLV! .MMKXN .M\SD P]SILVJ QJ]IV P]SHMG+


YGJ-PZSDJQJ:N

 145


NKL\P]SM\
 
 0MMS!1WN*.M\SDPLODKVNKL\ILV1WHM+EG+#0OW+!
I]]SLDM ML\DS<N! MKLX NK+JS<N P]SHMG+ QJ]IV MNI)KSD

NKL\LD NK+JS\ P]SHMG+ NZW+ 1JK+I)U QU\<N1JK- 1JK+


HSL\I1IZZ QWOUS! IXHLM .M\SD *IILVU EG+ JGH1MKOE\
1WTLIJ*LW LWM- NKL\DKIM QMK/M- NL\HMG+ *II6OG

L\ILV WSXWSIIOED JOL\ NKL\ILV P]SW-N F]/ *U/M\


8JK\+I)N QJK-WKG WRIINN\+P]SDKM HSL\ W:LN5O/WMKII

I8MJJOO-*WSZJW+IV͚*WSL\JQJ]/͛YGPLRIIJJOOG+74

 NIVS+ JU/N USZJJSLG FOGJKO/ .IMMK'N YMS+ NLZ

.IMMK'N *ZHK'`: PZSWSIISGZ- 1IK7+IISRK+ 1UKRG H\TISVVSDSG


J\1W: H\\SD\*ILVU 5O/N 1JK- PWZ:V [GZKI PWG WSZ\SD+I)J
*WSL\DKIJJK]EDGML\HI+N-LXLD$NM8)WGYGI)ZSJJ+

   []=M\WSZ\SD+JWSL\QJ:QIG

   NKON-LX$NM8)1WG 75

 WWEIV 1UKR NGGGSG NZUUSZJLJ F]+M-W1MK/ FOGJKO/

.IMMKG*LWDKKSGN\+/NGZSDLNDKLNLD$NIKO/ISGZG
 H\TISVVS 07LX .Z:LIDSOO1JK- PW7+ P\\\S\ 0RH-

P\NHM-͚DKLGH3KSZ JEDK-NIWRF]WSGZS$N WKOO.Z:II31R*X]/

E.RIIN JXJJS JSVSKSD-# )RHLMIV JK\SGZS P\ZSG# \\MMKQX\\KN


GG\ YDMS P2- *\NJSG+ YG: PW\IIKOUSILVI IKOE! PWZ:V

[GZKINOHLMD+*UOD\KMWZSDHSL\LD$N5O/M\IW+H-1HKIIM
M)N
   P\NX\DKLGF8QNG.RTI7N

   JK\S\)RWSP\Z7N!NIVS+
   *WS\W:HML\.EJJ7N!H3KSG
   WSLG*LGH\\S\L]FI1IOJ7N!

   GGK-PNN 76

 146


 JJKOZ J)MS JUO\SG GZSDLNDKLNLD YMS+NLZ .IMMKG


W\S$:MMJJ/ISGZ-
 )NKSJ J8WN IOHM NIVS1X HM\S\ N\+ /M\ UTIIK\ WRIIN

YGJMLGM ͚MNSRI IKM\͛ HS:7N! J]LOM MNSRI IGGSN\+ OKV

N\+EG! [8WLG N]H-QIKVV F:MS *]OKV YGJ- QJK8V!

HVVSXWS\ ML\WLGI IK]WHM ML\WS! N]N INR N\+ E WHMKV


\\N MS8NJSD 1JK- HM\S\ 1WDHM WSX7 N\LX FMS+M- PMLGU
QUNLNJJ/MMSJ JLRD 1MKZZMMS\ MG \\MMK+I)I IKOUSDVSMMKV!

MGI1IZJ7N! MG \\MMK+I1IZJ7N HEI)N ML\WSDSG MSZLG

͚X]OZSIVWSHNIKM1\K1V͛77YGMML\WGWSDH-JKXKO/ISGZKG

[JJLG
LG

 NIVS+ 0LO P]SI\GI1VK/ JSZ [JJLGDK\ QJK\SWLMU UTI
\IISDTIV WSKSM-LXI)N IRG N]SDSG- IGSDK\ HML\ W)M-
[2T)J/MMSG+

   IRZIGSW)MM-L]UUS\;MS

   ):HQMKENIVS+ 78

 QUNJ45I )RNJSLGJ *USG+79 QHZZSDS\ QJKOEOOG+! 1MGINRS

MS8(M\MS\INLMZN͛80HM\S\Y]Q]DMOWS!MIXUUKH-*US!H3XKE!

HM\SGXN1JKIWSX\K\F]+MMS!H:N]NNSIIPISZ*LI$OEG+
   Y]Q]DH3WSD5KSWV+H:TIKRS
   M]H:HMIXNINRN]]S!

   XN*\XWSX\FV+J*PWSRK

   IKRIS\PN*LIQIKV3 81

 1NIMMSLO [VS8N NSGG\ 1JK\I HM\SLO1D NSVS8N QJKG


P]SILVU OEG+! NIVS+ WG.L\DS\ N\+ISVVS P\\SQDK/ PJJSM

1MKVS\ QMKDDS\ WKSM-U U3ZEDS\ QUNJ45I )RN* &OEG+82 N\+

 147


1WDM\! N]JQJKE *5M\! H:4UKH- P]SM\ 0ISDWZZK\ PW+IV

͚[ULGIN2NWKU1NGSD+͛0DSG+

PKSLWD+P]SI\T
PKSLWD+P]SI\TIV

QJKG! QWVVS! UT)! .M- .M\SDWZZK\ LRMM P]SILV
PIIK\PKSLWD+P]SHMG+WSRKI I]/IVSI)N NIVS+![\SI)N N]SIV
QJK8HMSD QJKZUS\N*ILV$N NZ:N L\ILV$N P]SHMS8HMQXG

PZSISG1ZKN PW+ P]SHM LRIV M3DSGKZ 5OJJO/ NSVS8N


QJKGGK\KGLWPLWIVUSMMSX1WL\JJK/PLNHMLW
   HK]NISRS8ILIIK]NK+JQ]K/

   QMVVKSQJKZUS\NQJK\SJJQWKVVRZ
ZKWZWSVTISDWKDQJKGWSKSLR

   P]T)W3RWGGJHQMKENIVS+83

PXMMSGKZ1JKRH-P:IIJJOOLW!

 PXN1JKRHM:MMI]1]+\T)WLV84

IKM]SI6N NIVS+ MS8.ITILVU USZJJSI)N J]JSGWKD WSVTISG


0DNIVSKSG -D\ W8N US: )LRLDJJZZSJ QJ8NJK]KZ:JJLO
JK/ISGZ-

US:)LR-D\W8TIKMS\ 85

QJK\S7ZZ NIXI )LRDSG PLUWSLGJ QJK:I)N IK- YG:


QJK8HXKZ:JJLO)ZSIISGZ-

 JT)LRDUZQJKLZUK\IKMSG 86

(`\KZ IOOKM (]LNLD$LOD QJKGGKS NKL\LD QWVVSMKISD

[VSLD$LOD.M1MK/JKEGS/WV
   (`\SGW\WK(]TIKSGNKL\

   WKQ\KVS.MMQNK/JKEGSD]SD87

.M-NKL\LDJJZZSDQUDMSIVQH/H\WKLODSZIK]\KN

 148


 0XHMKTISDW\+.L\DKIM-88

 P8N*NS)HMQIKGLZDS\\T)NJ]SM-VSQDG[VSUSZHMN]SIV
WSVT)N 1NIL\ILV NIVS+ MN LODS\ P]SW+ QJKGGKZ QUDM

QIKEDSLG.GLIDS\P]SW+

 QJK\HQMKEHSGZNDS+WK+.GLI89

 I]WLXJ JSKSHM NIVS+ W\N*KSLD P:M-J J]]SG WLVLD


/W+ WKLV N3GSG- J)WKLD [MM USWHM HSZMLM$LOD 1NKMSXMLMJ
QJ]IVP]SHMS8HMG+MLG

   W\N*KSWLVQDK/I/LI(`\DKM-90

YG'NJKO\WKSIV\NPZSD\KN


,T):(KZZS\P]SIV

 ,T):(KZ:J JKO\IVS\ P]SIV )ZSMM QUDMSIV IK]JJ/ISGZG

PLW WLV! LR LRM-U QUDDJJOO- ! QMKE! IK4US! UTIWLVD\!


N]SJ*] N]SIV JMSMM HLI ! 1NIL\! JK]E\ QJKGGK\ WOONKIU
QUDDJJOO1MKK! P]SWLI  MLGU 5ZZS N]SIV 1IKM- 1NIL\1DK/

P]SM\J]LONX* US\N*!IR\PLWT1IQMK)MMVSIIJJ/ISGZG

 YO/MQMKLI (`\I6V [GZKG ,T)(:`ZZS\ WLVD\! QMKE!
1NIL\!JK]E\!US\N*!1MKVP]SNZ:NQUWLWD]SYGJ J\WLIDKG

P]SIVNIVS+P]SHMLMMQMKSISZ-

WLVD\


   ͞LZ1DKY\WLVQHISR*;/N͟91


 MKNLXDS\ FVV .OLOLD 1WRMMSG * -LOI)N YGZ -
ML\WS JK\ FVV ML\NILGJ JXMLMDK WS\I)WK YGJ- I8M-
MS\ W8N Y\WLV [VS$LOD WLVD\ 0)N - ML\WGSG JSKSWK\

IRG:;/ISZ-

 149


ML\WGNKK*J\NIVSKLRILVQHISRUQUD$N

JJKO\S\͚LR͛YGZP]SDSONQJ:ISZ-

   ͞PD\*ZNMHM*GSZ:WVKLJTIKD

 WDL\UQUTQIKEIVWGP:I)N
 IRGS&XGNKK*J\KI)

 LRQHISRQU\\\0)NPGGKD͟ 92

 1MKRS! ͞PN1N  \\M-I) P]LNDS\  HO/ WVKMM .ZZKM

J5LNDKG IKDILV$LOD WDL\DSG USZHM QIKELD! H]/ MG KSD


HIMMK\  P:I)N WDL\$LOD &XG ML\WG PMMLIDWGSG NKK*
[8W8I1IP\\K-NIVSK J\KI)P]SILVQHISRU QUDISGZ-GJMLMM

M8WMK)N͟YG:ML\WSLDJJKKM-ZSGKV

 LR QHISR QU\\\ 0)N P]SIV IRG: WS/WMZ)I IKX]NKG


-GJMLMU QUDWMK)N  ML\WG NKK* NIVSK P]SILV QHISRU QUD$N
YG LD$N -GJN  WDL\DSG QUTQIKEDSG JUSD IKD W8HM PMG

QIKELD H]/ P:I)N YGJ- NILGJ QJZ: NLGDS\ 8I)N HN


H\MLMNIGW8HMUQUDISGZKGYGZQJK8LVWSVIISD-
 W3OEG PD\S\ WVKHMWDL\I QIKELDP\WG P:I)N YGZMK\

*ZM1M JXMLMDLXI EJ JSG PW8N W8HM PWX- QMKOKLJ P:M-


[2)ISGZKGYG7NFLXJJK

[]QMKE
MKE

 N]H- QIK]O P]LNI IK\MMS1\1D ML\W'I)J JXMMLN
[2IIN F]OKISD1JK- PLM PZSHM ML\WS PW'OG *\WS QIK]/

QUK\WMKIPLNHMJKO\S\[]QMKEY'NWLVD\ONQJ:ISZ-

   N]HMLGD8VKD0DS'NLJJDM

 M]HMLGDKIS!FDN1NKʹ(NK

 150


 []QMKE.GLI0D.N

 M]/LZ&XGJ]QOGJJOZ1I93

 ML\WS ML\WLG 1HKIIS! ͚NISRH! YNLN N]H- QIK]O H3 YNI)

HSG P8LV QHE-QUDDK-1JKGK<N YN &KS\ FVV QMKED]SHM.G


LILD$LOD JXMLMDK J\8N MG-LZ$XGKISD HSGI)J QJ]/ YGI

ZJJ/NUSZJ*JQJ:NK:QN\\QN\\H3TIS[2)WKD͟YG:ZSGKV

 ͞QMK]E HIKS\ )VSKHM *MSD N\KSG N]N W35N QMKELD$N!

PRISDMKD PIGZ P\)L\$N! QIKDDJJOO MVSK 1JKGZ 1NGSLD$N

FLODW1V  YG J]LJ$N  FZIIMLM$N HSG 1MKRS IWKH- QIK]/


YGGSON PLW\\KMLW0IISGKV0M\K\ PWWK:QIKVWMZ)DKG
QUDMMW:MKGDK-"YG:ML\WG1MKRSLD1HKIISWSGWSGKG

UT)WLVD\

WLVD\!QMKE0ISD8WLIDKGP]SIV)ZSMMQUDMSJKO\S\
   1IK%KY\WLVIQIK2NJ\HM\
 0DQMKE!NOWX\1W]/MS0DSG

 QM]IRS1UDSZKJJAFN

 M]IOZ1UKJJWLXHMLGQIK]1NK94

YGONQJ:ISZ-

 1MKRS ML\WLG 1HKIIS! “UTLI P:M-U QUDM WLVLD$N!

QIK2WSD HML\$N! (]LNDKG QMKELD$N FLOD WLVI /M\

1W]EGKDKDSG! QMVSHM H3LX$LOD FJJTIRSDS\ 1W]/WKK QIKV6NK:


QUWWSD XKN3GIV PIJJ/N )VSKHM IO\ HS\MML\W1G 1W:WLI

\\KLNDK\N]H-QIKVWKDKI”YG:QUKGGKV

 WLV UTISGK\ QUDDJJ/W- QMKE UTIK<N DKLGI QIKNJSGK<N


QUDDJJ/W-WLV1W:QMKE1W:YGJLMJJKO\F]KM-ISGZ-



 151


J3+N]SIV

PIIK\JQJ]J3KN]SIVJMSMMHLIDSLGP]SHMGKPMLG!
   1JKMKKHM\D\]SP2TI

 9MS\KVLGH3JSKSHMMZ1I
 PR\WSKN]SJ*]PLGDJ

 QJD\KGKYGI]1]QMD1DK95

Y'N JKO\ :ISZ-  MS\ W8N ‘N]SJ*]’ PLGD Y'N QUKZQZKOKS\

MLGIIK]\KN

1NIL\P]SM\

 ML\WSLDJ JSKSH- QU\\ 8I)N ML\W'I)M 1MKRS ML\NIVSG
JSKSWKZZKLNLDIZSDJKO\S\P]SJZZSDQUDMSONQJ:ISZ-


   QW\1JKKI)KSUS\H3WSDGIXGZJJSG

 J\IKRP\)\P\WKSHKOI
 )R\S'NLG)WVQJKS1M

 WSRQWK\SHM\NKP1DK1V96


 1MKRS1D ‘QW\<N 1JKLX FLOD ML\WGKG H3 PIGZ JKL\LDI

IOH- QUGZMK\ J\ N]SIV QJK8HMSD 1NIL\ P]SHM P\)\SOM-

PRISDWKSIVWKOONPLODHSG-JSKSWKZZKLNDK\N]WSRKLWJ1JK\
H\\ N]N IN2N HML\$N NKLN HSZMLM$N QIK]O WV )R\

[\SJJLMJ 1JKG: QJKS-N P2WKV” YG: ZSU QU\WLMM MWSKMMKV

T) W8N IKR N]SIV .M- WO.NKN  PWWKS PRISDWKS WVWSD


NIVSKSG  WDSZZS<N )ZTIS<N QJK8HMS PR) QUD$N WKSIV  GJN

(I8N IK\MMS\ YRS\ QUD$N LW -GJIK\MMS\ 1NGS WKEM 1MK\


58T)N1JK-PWWKSIVNLZH-WS/N


 152


JK]E\P]SM\

 JSKSH- QU\\ 8I)N ML\W'I)M 1MKRS H3 Y]]SDLM .EMMKD
0DS'N WV PR) N3OOZ) PKSDMKISWS/N YGI ZSU QU\W2T)WSMM

JKO\S\JK]E\P]S$NWRIIN*\JJ/ISZ-
   1JK\NJ5NJK]E\IK5HSLXP\)\
 \T)WLVQNG1MKV!LRHSL\QHISRJ

 JSKSM\W\<LWDKDSG

 PKS1MWSOL\WV0D(M\IWS1G 97

 1MKRS ML\WLG 1HKIIS! “ML\W! QJKGGKZ QUDDJJOO J5LNDKG

JK]EL\U 5ZZS N]SIV 1IKM- P]SHM P\)L\$N WSVT)N


WLVDL\$N QNGLNDKG 1MKLV$N FLOD WV PHM P]SIV HSGZ

HSL\DSGSG:IRG:H3TI!HSG-JSKSWK\ WVSOMMSGSG:H3TISI QI/N US:

QHZZSDSGPR)QJ:WMZ)PKS-”YG:QUKGGKV

 JK]E\ YGJ- QJKGGK\ QUDDJJOO [8WLI P]S! LMU 5ZZS


N]SIV 1IKM-1NIL\$OG P]SM\ WRIINQJKGGK\ 0GJ5LNDKG
WOOIIK5IV!JK]E\WOONYG7NFLXJJK

 ML\WSDSG QN\SWSZ) W8HMSD ML\NIG JSKSH- QUGZ 1JK- 1MKRS


ZSDNZQZK8JKO\S<NJK]E\P]S)ZSMMQUDMSONQJ:ISZ-
   QJKGQUDJK]E\QJK\TI\NHHMM

 1MXI\P\)\PWWKSWKO
 ZH1MKKNGZMK1NJSZT)NL\J
 *\\L\X;LNH3ED

 *\SWRT)PMXIKGMMK1G98

 1MKRS!FDKHMNL\JJIIMMS\ *\Q\GZPEJJ)MSLDFLOD;LN
NXTIV HSLZHM *\SIV MSKS$N IK/ PMS\ QJKGGK\ QUDDJJOO JK]E\

YGZ QJKGG]S QHISR! 1MKSG MOLOJ 1JKGZ PIGZ P\)\S\ ISOHM


PRISDWKSIV WKO!HNLNJ JSKSH-QUGZKKPHMJ JSKSLW0ZZ.E$NK"
YG:FLXMMKV

 153


 QJKGQUD JK]E\ QJK\TI\N YGJ- QJKGGK\ QUDDJJOO


WOONKG QJKG P]S QJK\T I\N QJK\N QJKG I\N P]SI\N
JK]EL\U 5ZZSI 1IKIIJJ/N QJKG IK5IV T)J QJK\TI\N YGJ

JOOGJK]E\WOONWOONKGP]SYG7NFLXII\KN

US\N*!IR\P]SIV

 ML\WSLDM 1MEI QIK]/ 1JKG QUWS\S MG NILVJ JZZS
WSGWSGKV PWKIV ML\WG! ML\WSLDI I]OLM FLXMMGK
PJJKO\S\US\N*!IR\)ZSMMQUDMSONQJ:ISZ-

 “,D1G YG I] JKLW 1JK\ 0DH- QIK]O QMKEDSLGJ *]O

YG NIV!QMKRS\ WLIDK\ PR)ZU QUDDJJOOQUZSHMIR\SLG$N W\SD


MKLV$N IKSD MKELD$N FLOD IKLV 1JKGZW'OG QN\\ HOH-

1JKGKV YG: QUK\ISGZ3K PJ1JK- PW6LOD PRISD US\NLJ P]SHM


PEIVHS\MMS\QJK8HMSGWK"YG:QUWS\SMMKDWSGWSGKV

QMKEP]SM\

   []QMKEPKSLWQIK]OGV!QH41U

 W]ENSKJGSM-LZMQMK]E0TI]
 FX7IIOQ\K\SMMSLXQDG

 XWSGK'N-DS\ZS1D1G 99

 [VS QJK8HMSD QMKELD P]SHM PKSLWDKGWV YG QH4LUI


IWKH- QIK]OKV 0I\SG! W]/IV [\SI)N )VSKHM -LZLD$LOD
QMK]EHIXM-J JXHMIO\S\ Y2H-.RT)N PL\ILVJ 1JK\ XWS<N

FZIINQIKV1VG01GG”YGJJKTIGWSGWMML\WGQUKGGKG


1MKVP]S
P]S
 ML\WGHNLNJJSKSDKGYGY]]SDS8HMKVML\WS0GK\PWG
JSKSHMGK PJ1JK- PWV XTISJ JK/WMKI PLN$N JKO\S\ 1MKV]S
ONQJ:ISZ-

 154


   0DH\NJUJJP8NJOKH\SD
 1WDN8VJL]M1MKVWS\\SLRQHISR

 HLUHGSQIKG1ZKKNGZ–LUHSNSKH-

 ;QOKSHOHMLWJJSG

 1IK/DKJSZTI\NL\DSZH1MK1X 100

 ML\WS! “;LU NSI)J J\WSOM-N JXWSJ 1JK)N M3 YKSHM OMLM

FLOD .EIVK\ FDKH- QUZSHM NL\LDI IOH- QUGZ ML\WK!


PRISDYGH\NQIO/JJUL\JKD7NPWK1N\FVVHSLG7W8M-ISZ-

0M\K\ TIS\ 1JK\ J8MM1MKVSOM-P]SHM[VSW35N N]SIV IRG:

H3TI7N JSKSH-! MG FVVMMS\ Y2N WS8JJMLMJ QJKS-N PRSM-WSOOKK”

YG:QUKGGKV

QUWLWDKGP]S
WDKGP]S

 JJKO\S\ NIVSK QUWLWDKG P]SDSLG P]SHM QUDMS ON
QJ:ISZ-

   DKT)W\<LH1DK–;TI\QWZJ

 8NJ\HM\MS8HMSLRPKSLW
 MSML\NKLN1MDJ

 JUL\JKDJJSKS7QMD1DK 101

MS\W8NMS8HMSLRYGJMZ)QUWLWDKGP]SYG:QJK8VK)N

QJKGP]SI\GI6N0JX]TI6N

P]SI\GILV$N 0LO 0JX]TILV$N P]SH- MGLG
P\TIKSM-I QIKVWMS\ NGSMG PVWZZ 0LO QIK]OWG  MS\ 0]

QJ] YGZ 1JMN \L\ 0LOIVK\ MGLG PR)J/MMS P\TIKSM-I


QIKVWMS\ 0+WN IKO/W- 8JK\+I)N QJK-WKG D\1J 0)N
NIVSLXJ 1JK\ 0OW8N QJKG P]SIVK\ MNLN P\TIKSM-I

QIK]OMLGUUTI\IISDTIVIKO/ISGZG

 155


‘WLX$ZRNK+JSGLWDINWSVIIN

WSX7N]SQDKVS+W8NPX7ZKRKXQNK/
*LX1DKG1NGSJ*H-ISZI\STIN

&LXQU\P8VS1GKG’ 102

YG:N  ‘1IKED+ .R7N8V MS8N]S NSLOHM 1MKV PX7ZRKXN’  YG:N

*ZHK'`Z:UQUD$VEIV0OW+P]SHMP]SILVJJZZSI:ISGZG
WS\T) HSL\DS\ 8H- IKO/NSXK]EDKI NKZZNLOH-! JSG
1WOLOU UINKI7N1NDUU\ UINKI7N NKZSWV+H-.G1GZSDNGSMG

NKGMLM NLZM-I QIKVV .ZJO/ .LGHM1JK- DZLIDS\ ISLOMM


QJK8VIVKG L\ MLRIVK\ NKL\ I]]S .M\SDWZLZM QMK/M-I
I2MMS<N NK+JS<N ML\DS<N P]SH- QIK]OKG  1MKL\ 0LODKI

P]SHM NGSMG! L\ MLR N\+ .M\SDWZLZM QMK/M- NKL\DKI7N


I]]SDKI7NP]SHMKG

‘1IKOO7NQIKED7NWSLXIIKOO

J\*NSLOHMJOL\II]]S

;GZN8/ILIIURKKSLODG’ 103

YG:QJ8NJK]KZ:JJLO-)ZSM-I:ISZ-

‘JKUSL\QMK/MMFWL\II]]S

NK=/ILINEWKDSLODG 104

YG:N! ‘FWL\I I]]SWG QUK\SLV4+’ YG:  \IISDTIV :ISGZG

WWK:I]UINKI1WOLODKE$N HSL\1NDM-N WKRHMIK\IOOMMS\


NGSMG MGLG L\MLRIVK\ P\TIKSM-I QIK]O QUDMSLDU UTI
(`\IV:ISGZG

 PHMI IK\ IOOMMS\ QWVVS QJKG .M\SD F1\KITIVK\


0JX]TI6N P]SI\GI6N 0IISP]SH-P\TIKSM-I QIKVV1W]/N
YG USHMLG NGSM'I) 9ZJOE8IIWS\L\! PWZLZ 0IISI QIKV6N

HSL\DSLG1DK P]SH- PR)J/MMSI QIKV6N HSL\DSLG1DK NGSMG

 156


YDMS8IIWS\L\ PMZ) PW'I) ;D7 ISLOIIWS\L\  PWG WKRHM


UIPLNJ1JPMZ)IIKX]N0)N
PELNU UIMMS<N HS\JJSX*M-W UIMMS<N FLRJJKVSIVSG

FLRJLJU 5X]EI QIK2MM QU\W+IVKG MGSNGSM+IV QJKG QWVVS


.M\SDWZZK\ 0G 0JX]TILV P]SH- MNLN P\TIKSM-I QIK]OG+
PWZLZ P]SWLMJ QJ8LNI)KSDMKI7N NMSJ*I)KSDMKI7N I8MSI

QIK]OG+ FLRI)N NIILV WSOM MKTIV FD+HMW+IV YG: IKOEI


QIKVV1WPW+IVPWZLZP]SHMG+
MKN P'JWSI)N QU\W.N 5I 1JKI.N IO7V MTI6I)I

QIK/MM WXN YG:N *+W Q>GN *]]SDN YG:N 0]LOIV ZSI


QIK]OG+  NLN N:LN 1NKOUN HXIN YG I8M-IIV NIIVSLO1D
JXJJJOOGMTIV-5X]O\ HOWEILIILVNIIV F]+H-QIKVVKMJE!

PW+IV- QMDWKNUN QJK8HMSDW+IV YG:N NIIVSLO1D JSXUUKXN


QUDDJJOO-
QJK-7LOLN WLIJJOO I]UINKI NIIV 1WOLODKE$N

HSLX1NDM- WKRHM IK\ IKOOMMS\ NGSMG P]SI\G P]S$N JRIIN


HS\WWS\L\MZ)UUTI\IISDTIVUKGZVSIISGZG)ZS4US.\L\
HS\TIVS\ 1WOLOU UINKI7N 1NDUU\ UINKI7N WKRHM NIILV

JZZSD UTI \IISDJ JKO\IVS\! PHHS\M-J QJ]IV P]SIV P]SHM-


JZZSD )ZSJ*IV YLW$N IK]JJOWS\L\ QJK-WKI MNSR \IISDTIV
QJ]ILVJ JZZS1JU1H8N QJK2-PW+IV P]SHMS8HMP]SI\GI1VK/

QMKO+* J/MMS1D PW+ILVJ JZZSI :N “NK]SLR NIVS+” ‘WK\SLR

NIVS+” YG P]SI\G JZZSD PLOQNKRSI1VK1O1D NIVS+ )ZSIIJJOOG+

NIVSLXJ JZZSD PLOQNKRSIV! PW+IV P]SHM P]SI\TIVSG USZJLJI

)ZSJJGWKI1WWV6W8NO“IGT)LRNKM+”YG::ISZK+

0GK\ I]UIM- NIVSLXJ JZZSD UTI \IISDJ JKO\IVS\

PMMLID PLOQNKRSIV IK]JJOWS\L\  PKSLW! YDSZZS! MKD! JS]K!


QJ]/! NIAF! NIVS+! NLGWS! NLG1DKV! .MS1DKV YGJG 1JKGZ
P]SIV JZZSD PLOQNKRSIV YLW$N QJDDJJOKM QUKZIVK1\1D NIVS+

 157


)ZSIIJJO/VVG+ NIIV I]UINKI WKRHM IK\IOOMMS\ P]SI\G


YLW$N QUDDJJOKM HSL\DSLG$N NIVS+ PWZLZ P]SHMSXKM
HSL\DSLG$1N UQUKZIV F]+M-ISGZG  P]SI\GIV QUD- P]SH-

QIKV6N UIUR\ PHMI IK\ IOOMMS\ 1MKGZSDS8IIWS\L\


YGJLM$NUQUKZIVF]+M-ISGZG

0GK\ UI NKZZN HSIRH- 1WOLOU UI.N 1NDUU\ UI.N

PELNU UINKI NKZZN I]O IK\ IOOMMS\ PELN Y>NKG+IVKG


0]LOI6N QU\W+I6N PW+MN QJ]I6N P]SH- QIK]O
P]SI\GIVSG USZJLJI )ZSM-U UTI\IISDTIV 5LWJOJ 1J5ISGZG

QJ]ILVI )ZSI)N QUKZIVKISDNTLINOHLMPKSLW.M\KGQUKZIV


PW+IV P]SHM P]SI\GILVJ JZZSD PLOQNKRSI6O1G1D
)ZSIIJJO/VVGPWWLOQNKRSIV PNNIVS+P]SHMS8HMP]SI\GIVSG

USZJ*J JZZS$N PW+MN QU\WU QU8I)J JZZS$N QMVSWKI

F]+M-ISGZG1IKW\G‘NKU:QJKG1GW\N*KS.M1M’YG:I]]ISLDJ

QJKGGKI7N .MMKI7N W8]SM-J *IRHMKI VT1IKWEIV :ISZK+

‘QUZSDKSU US\NJSG ):HQMKENIVS+ []QOKE NIVS+ WK\SLR NTLID+’

YG: 5X]/N W+IIM-J QJ]IV )ZSIIJJ/ISGZG+ MQMKO+IV

PNNTLID+P]SHMS8HMP]SIV JZZSDPLOQNKRSI1VK/ZJJO/VVLN
T)1HKIIMMII-

PRIS [8MMS P]SI\G J\ P]SH-  N]\S\ F\WSD QUDMSLDJ
*ZHK'`::ISZ-

‘0US\INNSDGNKUZJ*LGHM

QJK\4QUDJ\IKU]SHMW\)\
LIII]]S\TIMLMM

M8N]\SD\1WKV’ 105

YG: IKWKSJ*NJOEGM-I IKKSI I]]GK+ PRIS P]SHM 0JX]U USZJ*I


)ZSM-I:ISZK+

 158


QJKGGKZ QUDMWLVHM0JX]TIV P]SHMNIVS+WK'ZFD+HM


NKOTIVS\ WKRHMLM$N PNNIVS+ J\WLI N]SIV 1IKMM WOTILV
P]SHMS8HMLM$N IK\IVS\ QJKGGKZ QUDM *]I6OG QJKZUS\N*N

LIIVS\ QJKG WLVD\I6N P]SHMS8HMLM$N JHMKED PJQJ]IV


QJKGGKZ QUDM IRT) QIK]/ 0EDLM$N QJ8N JK]KZ:JJLO

:ISZ-106

………………QIK/N*]NIVS+

QIKGLZQNGUSLGJGSMWRJLW1JKZ

LJTIKRP\)\(]/IS\(OTIS
NK\WLXUUS\NJSGNISRUSZHMK<N
J3\SN4L4DSGSD\SIIK\

MNGSDJQJKZUS\NQJK\SJJ7D+HSL\
WKG1ZKDNKOM-WKSJJHLMLDUI
LI*LG):HQMKEMMMJLJJJD

.MMWK+N]ZQJKZIRTIK/N
YGJ-IED<`+F8MMSXTI]]GK+Z:

*IK+ HIXMMS\ QU\W+MN NLGIVSG .ZZMMS\  F\8ISGZ

QH\L\M MSGGWHM 1IKRSILV NLGMML\WS MGQUWSIVS\ P]SHMS8HM


NIXI )LRDK\ YZSH- WSXOEGKVKN PI)LRIV! PW+IVSG JSVLVIV
F8OEM MSKSHM G: F8LVILV$LOD US: 1MKSG- WRSLDM M/M-

WS\IISDMKNMLG!

‘PIHI+WSDG.ZZM-U5O+(M\NO1HKIISG

1HKKSLRNIVS+F]T)]KIIW8N
1IKRSQDZSHMQIK/TIKZIGT)LR
QJKZIKZ*M\W+*XWSDSG:8O/N

.IIKZUS:1M+.GWRSWS\I)N’ 107

YG'N JOEGJ JKL\DEIV :ISGZG 1NZ)ZSMM JKO\EIV


QU\W+NLGIVS\ NIVS+ P]SHMS8HM P]SIVSG USZJLJ NO/N\\K-

 159


PW+IVSG )RHLMIV JZZS$N PNNIVSKSG QU\WU QU8I) )ZSM-N


:ISGZG
PELN Y>NKG+IVKG QU\W+ NLGIVS\ PW+MN QJ]E+

QJKGGK<N HWXMMSGTIVK<N *LGDJJOO PR)NSII P]SILV P]SH-


MNLN P\TIKSM-I QIK]/ 0ONJXNKI7N F\\KUNKI7N WKRHMG+
0GK\ FLRI)N W+IIMMW+ 0G IVN8N QMK2W8N ILOD8N MG

FLRJJSG JDLGU 5X]/N W+IIMMKKSON JZS QIK/M-WSOO HSL\DS\!


QJKG P]SIV P]SHMSO WLIDZZWXKD QW:TLIDXKI QWZ:I
I2MMSGXKI I)N IK-N VSDKI 8HMG+  QU\W+ NLGIVS\ PELN

Y>NKGSIV MN LIIVS\ J\WLI 1WL\JJK/IV PLNHM HWXMMSGTIVK\


QUDDJJOO WLVD\ P]SH- QIKVV 0LUJJOOG+ 0GK\ PW+IVSG
PELN HSL\ PW+I6I) PHM WKDJLJ N:M-WSOO HSL\DS\ WD\S\

ILVJZSMM PJQJ]IV! PT) ILVDKIJ JZSM-J 1JKOE8HM )WLV


0NJ\ .M\SDWZZSG M]/ILVI QIK]/ WLVD\ QUD- MN LIIVS\

P]SH-PR)JK+M-I QIK]OK+IVHMPW\IIKOUSLD‘IRGS0NJ\

WVVSQMKEILINIVSK’YG:*ZGK'`::ISZ-108


,WLIHM\P\TIKXN

 NIVS+ HML\ H3VNKI WV+MMG+ PMLG PW+ QHD JUS PRIKI
WKKSJ JSGG\KI! QIK]LODKI .EJJ+ ,H- WSMNKII HML\ PLNI)N

WRIINPIIK\MMS\USZHMS8HM-YGZQUK\\KOUSMZ)UUKGZK)N
   )R\!PRIN!QIK]LO!JGSULU!-4LU

   YGJG,NJK\YGHUUSGK+IISGSDK+:W+109

 PLU$N D\JSLG$LOD,NJK\ NDSKSLG$LOD FJ* WK]SIMMSD+


YG:US:JK=`Z:JJLO:N

   FVKSD\,NJK<NOEDK3GZ110

 .-NIVS+ UTISG HSZMLM$LOD WKKSWSOJJOO MN HML\ .EM-I


IOEDS8JJ+

 160


   8TIO\WKG1IK/*LXDWK8Z:J

   QJ8NJSGGSOOWKGLXIHM\+111

MS8.8IKZ:JJLO$NHML\IIOOJQJ:WLMI)ZSI)N

  ISLVIIWSGQZ2M8I3RH3+UQU\W8N112

US:JK]KZ:JJLOWKLRJJQWGJQJK\SHM;MSQDGJJ/N

   NK\WLXQDK2ISDWKLRWKLRJ

   JQWGJQJK\SHM1WKMS113

VNIVS+ QJ8NJK<N HML\I I31R QMKTI WSOOG+ 1MKELD

P]SHMNIVS+US:*ZMMSG 1N1\QMKTIWSOE8I)N JSGG\!JSEDSG-LI


1JKGZS8I)QNGUUS:JK=`Z:JJLODS\S8H-PZSD\KN
 JSEILIDGGJSG'W3RUS:*ZM-M

 QMK/ILINIAFNI.LZM/JJ114

US:*ZMLMNLZI)NHML\.\L\JJKO/I)ZSI)N

 ):HQMKE.GLIIHM\4US:*ZM-115 

 WSKSM- WSOJJ/N QJ]IVSG HM\ PZ\ N]<I) FWNSIIJ


QJ:W- WRIIN ML\NIVSG W]/IV MK7N HM\ WVJJN QJK8HMSD

H3+M-LZII] FVV PZ\ H3]/ JEHMKZ 1JKGZ H\\ QHZSJLJ


FLODQMGMML\NIGJKXKO/WKG
 DKGDH-LZ1WKV1MNJKDHM\

 WVTQIK21UKR8ZMLMJQJ8H-LZ

 (]N]\Z\WK+H-PGG116

 US\(`\IVS\ WSKSIIJQJZZNDS\SG Z)I)I HM\ FWNSIIJJ/N


QN\\SD 1MKVSLG$N -IS\ RHM P\)\SLG$N PLUHM
D\JSLG$.LODNIVS+PISZ *LIF]=NJEDKIWSKSHMP\LI$LOD

QN\\SD HML\ H3\N]S1JK<N NDS\S'LOD WSKSHM 1MKLI [I)N YGU


US:JK=`Z:JJLOJI8N
   -IS\]SD\)\-VTISDGNIVS+

 PIS<]WSKSMMWNQNGHM\SG

 161


 N]SNDS+I\KJN 117

 USZHM 0XWKKSI)N NDS\SG- QN\\SD HML\J JZZSI


):HQMKLI$N:N

   I\SNDSZI\KWMMGGWSWV

   [\SQNGHM\118

 H3XKEDMGJSGG+NIVS+HM<I)PISZ*LI&O/W+N]NW35ISGZ
PISZ*LI$N UHMGJ*LI$N HK:N I8N]L\J 1JKGZ IKSD HM\ YGI
):HQMKLI$N!

   0XHK:NZ\1JKZHM\119

 UHMGMMSG HZSD N]MLM W35N HGQG/T HM\ YG


N-LXIIK4US$N:N

   HGQG/THM\H:WSLX)LOD120

HXHMN!

   HXHMHK:T)LWDS8THM\ 121

1WTLI
   *MHMHMQJKKSDLX1WTLIM

   M]INR*-N\+HK:

   P4US\;MS0DNOMMLI1D122

QWOUS!
   IOZZSZI\SMM.OUUSLGQWOUS
   MLVDWSRJ\1JK-IN2N

   LNDS8THM\123

)WLV!

   )WLVHK:T)WLVDS8THM\124

P/N*!
   NKIQIKED/NJSGNKDSMR\KKS

   HMGNIVS+1IKLM125

 162


 N\\SLI .M\SD JIILV WKIV P]SW+ M]LN$N PR)N


N].NNSIIN\+IVK\KGNKL\ILVW+P]SW+

   H3+MSX]OGG1IKLMJSZIISO/126

 NIVS+ FUUSDS\ WSVT)N QN\\SD I8LNDKG QIK]LOILVU 5ZZS


PRISDJNKL\IVIOOJQJ:WGQWGI)ZS4USJJKO/I:N
   J\1W:8WSGWGJLJ1IKLMQDN

 QN\\S8.UUSIIWSGQJZIIOE127

QHD JUJQJZZ JKO\ NIVSKSG HML\ ,MKI WS2N NLRM-VSI)J

*\W+FWNSJJ+
 ,-WSRS)QJD\R)QIK]O8VS

   QHDIGSHMS8VSDI-JJSG128


IVSN])VSD\

HM\S\ FVV Y]Q]DJJLU USI) .M\SDG 1JK)N QJK8O/

IVSN]L]M 1MDM-I QIK]/ NIVSXK/N WRI) PIIK\MMS\ 8HM-


MLGU USZ:`+IVS\ G:N IK]\KN QJ]IV MN- HM<I) O/
JSLUWMZ)I IVSN]L]I QIK]/ W8N QJK8O/J QJKRS<I)U QU\W+

YGI):HQMKLIDS\S8H-QMKSH-QIKVV\KN
    JKRS1\DKQNN

   LRIQI8N]QIK]+I41U:N 129


WKULGJQJK8OIV

 QJ]IV MNLN PR)JJ/MMS QIKVWMS<N USZH- WSVTISG+ PW+
N]N NSII WKULGM MSXWSDTILV$N NZ:N PR) J]]Z)KSD
QJK8OILV$N JDGJ/MMSG+NIVS+WRTISD*=).M\SDGHK:N HKZZN

QM8IIQV\\KNN]I)N

  JH1MKENIVS+N]TINRHKZZHQM87OGINR130

 163


 FONJSG 1NZJKIMMS\ UHMGN )T)NN .M\SDWZLZI )RNJKIJ


JUS! PMG 1N1\ L\ J .M\SD USMMSXTILV WLXW+ U USMMSXN
QMKDDS\YGJJ/N

   XH1MK8V+1IK1ZRSMS8HMSLRM

   QMKDDS\WG.L\131

 UUSMMSXTI6I) JMS\KI 1WTLIM MK- JXJ*W-.]/ 1MKZZN

QUD- Y2HM ML\NIVSG  PRISD .L\ HSZN QJZM ML\NIG PMS\


QMKDDS\Y2-WKG
   F8MQM2WG.L\QDKVSQJZQW2MSD

   QMKDDS\ 132 

 QMKDDS\ Y2MSD NIVSKSG .L\ 5]T) 1MKZZSDS8JJLM

N-LXIIK4US:N
   1UK+H-)WGGWDI):WHMSLIM

   QMKDDS\QJKZSMM5]TQIMSKSV.L\133

 MS]]SD WDSXN QJK8HMSD HZSD UHMGMLM PLXMM QJK\S7 QJZZ


HSZMLMI QIK]O )RNLJI QIKTISG- )WSHM P8NLJQDKMM
V.L\DS1\ N8MJJLW PJJSGKZ 1JK\ PJ*W+ PJJS! PWW3XN

F\+WMZ).G WSKSHM N\LX$LOD 1WTLIJ JWSG- M]]SD MKLM$N


PMG1N\PJ*W+ 
   (]J]KIHMSLVJJMMS]IKR

   H:T)Z/KS4USDJT1IRM1MDLW
   1MTINRN8MS]+I/JJI1IKTISG
   )WS.ISRSV.L\IQIKOEWSKSN\+

   1WTLI(]OKMJJSIIK]WX134

5]T) NSII PRISD .L\DS1\ QJKKSLD [MM JIILV$LOD

HGISG-PR)NSII[VVSDMVSLXPJ*W+
   QJKKSJJN*GUSQGRSZZLIQDK].ZS

   5]TI]SWG.L\D]T)QIKVMMSNSKS135

 164


IKNG- WS\\KISD I8NJSG F8WMLMI )T)NI )RNJK\  NIVS+


1MKVS\ Y2-N WRII.N 8HM- PNQJ2MSD QMKDDSL\$LOD J8MM
1MKLVJJZZSI):HQMKLI:N

 F2H-LOII2HMSZI8N*LOJJL]M1MKV 136


*\SJJ\MK\S
K\S

 *\SJJ\MK\S P]S$N WRIIN J]LOD )ZS4US HS\ NIIVKISD
IKGWKSLO1D HS\WSD [G: MLG PW+IV W3XMMSG PZS)ZSDKI1WK
P\\-IKJJ]SDKI1WKI8MSP]SHMS8II\KN9G P]SHMK+IV YGJMZ)

\IISDU UKG:IV WSLODS:IIWS\L\ J*\SJJ\ MK\SLDM

MS8N]MMK\S137 YGI )ZSJJW8N FV+ WWK: :WMZ)  \IISDU

UKG1ZK P\\- WKRWSD\ UKG1ZK IKOOJJOKM- QIK]/ IZ: YVSMS\!


N:MMZ)KSD- YGJ- I]/  1N<N *\SJJ\MK\S YGJMZ) WSVIINKI!

*\SDSG J\L\I 1IKM-U QUDM I2MM]S138 YG7N *\SDSG J\L\J

QJKGGS\LNM-U QUDM US:W+ NK+JS\]S$N ;+ 0JX]N YG7N139 OKIO+

F1WUK PW+IV 5OEUQU\W-N MLGU US:W+IV VLNJJ8WMMS\

P]SHMS8HMLNDSLGJ JKO\IV IKO/W-N -LV1DK+P]SYGJMLGM

QMVS7J/M-N140


IKJJ]S
]S

HN HKOE\ J]/ *\SJJ\ MK\SLDU US:W+I) P]SHM- 1JKG1Z

1NL\HK/IVS\ .ML\JJ\L\U US:W+I6I) P]SWSI)N WRIIN

8JJMKI7N P-IKJJ]SYGZ.LZDS1\1DP]SDJJ/WMKI7N )ZSJJ+141

1NZZSDUKG:IVS\S8H-J]LODNIIVSGTIVSLO1DLMIKJJS]SDKIJ

JDGJOOLNQMVSWKW1MK/J]LOMMNSR8N *\SJJ\MK\SLDI IKJJ]SYGZ


HSL\DS1\1DJDGJ/MMSG+YGJ-N*\GKISGZ-1N<N-IKJJ]SYGZ
HSL\DS\ .M\S\ USZJ*JQJZ:I IK\J1JKIIS\ P]SI\GKIHSL\QJZZMKII

I8MWKDJJVSIISGZ-

 165


W3XMMSG PZS)ZSDKI P]SDJJOO [GZK YGJMLG \IISDU

UKG:IVSG WRSHSG: 1HKI)N1JK- MLGU US:W+142 US:NSD+143 0ISD

8JK\8N P]SHMS8HMLN IKOOJJ/W- QIK]/ - W3XMMSG P]SD\\

IKJJ]S YGJ- QMVSWKISGZ- *\SJJ\\SLG YWWK: QJZZG+ YG:


\IISDU UKG:ILVU 1HKI)N1JK- US\NJS\ NO/1N - JZZSD )ZSJ*M
QMGJOIIK]IS1ZKNT)W3XNSIIW\SD*\SLDWKDISRSM-JQJZZLN!

NZTQIKVWDJ*\SWKDJSVH-QJZZ

NKL\QW]JZZK\S:LX*OE144

YGF]+MMJJ/ISGZ-MLGJ“QJK]=LOMMK\S” 145YG:N“QJKGQGK/

*\SJJZ 1IKMM*\N*N]SMMK\S146YG7N PIHK'`:)ZSMMS8JJ-QIK]/

HKIK3IN WV+HM HSL\DS\ MLGJ QJKGGK\ LRM- PR)J/MMSD MSZN


WSVTII IK]IS1ZKN  1NZZSD QUDMSIVSG PEJJLODS\ 1HKI)NQJK2-
*\SJJ\MK\SV4USZK+I)P]S$NIKJJ]SYGJ-1JKM8ISGZ-


,NJLOMMK\S
K\S

,NJLOMMK\S JZZSD 1HXEDKG )ZSJJSLG N]S1NIL\DS\MKG

IK].EISGZ- PIIKJJSDN WW]SDSLGU US:W+ I2MMS\]SH-


8HMLNDSLGU 5OEU QU\ISGZ-  ,NJLOMMK\S JZZS WSVIIN Y2-N
F1WUKPW+IV VLNJ J8WMMS\ 0] )RHLMIVSG I2MMS\]S$N [8

WLI P]S147 YG7N IKW\KII )RHLMIVSG I2MMSZ *O/W1MK+ 0JX]

WS1UON YG7N IKMMZIO7VKISD MS8NK<LOD ,H- 0$MTIV 1JK\J

QJKGGKZ QUDDJJ/M\SG - JQJD+ QJZZ-148 YG7N )ZSM-VVK+

1N<N -JZZSDWSKSWKGWSVIIMMSLGN]S1NIL\I )ZSJ*LXDS\ IKMMZ


IO7VKG MS8NK\SG UTIN! UIIXN! ILM! IOIN! UKTIN YG'N

0$MTIVSG WEWNKI PLNJJ-  MLGJ J4UK$MQNG:N JSZHM ,HMKN


HKVS\ JSVLVI6I)  MLGM MKX]4 QUDM\ NXHKVS\ JSVLVI6I)
MLGM MKX]4 QUDM\ NXQJG:N I8CSDXMHN YG'N WO(`\S\ MZ)

WSMS FVVQMG:N :W+ - MK\SQDG7N MK\SLD$N JLOQDG7N

 166


WRT)N149 YG F1WUK )ZSM-VVK+  1NZZSD WSVIITIVS\S8H- -

0] USZK+ P]SWQMGJ- QMVSWKW1MK/ MS8NK<OG QMKO+*J/M-W-!


,NJLOMMK\SDSG PLNJ* MLG P]SWSMM HKV JZZSD )ZSJ* 0ISDLW

*MSDQUDMSIVKIMQMGJ/ISGZ-
\IISDU UKG: QIK]/ 1NZKSD QUDMSILV 1HKI)N1JK-

.MZQUDMSDKG 0]USZK+ P]SWQMGJMLG N]S1NIL\150 NZ:N

MSL]NKL\(`ZLZNJ-0ISDLW)ZSM-U QUK\\I IK]IS1ZKNMS8NK\


QMKO+JKG QUDMSJZZS \IISDMMS\ )ZSJJS\L\ YG1W ,NJLOMMK\S YGZ

QJD+WRI) YIIK\MMSZ)KSDQMGJ-N UNDUUK+* YJQJK2- 9ZJOOQMGJ-N


WSGKWKIY4USHSZISGZGWWSGKWSZ)\IISDU UKG:IVSG PEJJLODS\
WSLODVSII D\KLN QIK]/ ,NJLOMMK\SDSG PLNJ*! PMLG

P]SWSMM HKV JZZSD )ZSJ* 0ISDLW JSZIK\ WV+UUS HSL\LDI


)ZSJJMKI Y]]M -`]/ISZ-  WZZS\S8H- *\SJJ\MK\S P]SHMLNDSG
WV+UUS HSL\DS\ 1MKGZSD1M ,NJLOMMK\S YG HSLGIIM -`]/ISZ-

1N<N NGSM HKIKSI WV+UUSDS<N WWK: NKZZN QJ:W1M 9Z*LOD


[GZKI7N QMGJ/ISGZ- YG1W JRTIK\MMS\ *\SJJ\ MK\S P]SHMLN1D
IK\J1JKIIS\ ,NJLOMMK\SDKI NKZZN QJZZMKI F:MS QUDD\KN  -

US:W+I6I)KSD IKJJ]SDKII I8MJJOOMLG1D \IISDU UKG:IV


QIK]/]X.EISGZ-














 167


D\.E7IV

  MGLG HKE W8N WZSDW+I)N! JK]+I)N PW+IVSG ISRSU\
0LOILVI ILVH-! *MMKLOILV F/IIUQUD$N JRHMNSR

PXU+IVSGQUD\ILVJ*ZHK'`:IKO/ISZ-
  QHU7M QMKRS<I) PEJJLODKG J8MMSLD FVHKOE1\1D
WSLVWSMMQUDMSDSLGJ*ZHK'`:IKO/ISZ-

  QHU7MQMKRS\S\ QJ]IV /JO/ WHMLNIIKG )ZSJ*I6N


*ZHK'`ZZS\IK]JJ/ISGZG
  NXJJOLOIIV 0LODKIP]SDJJOOLN)ZSM-N QJ]IV MLR$LO

P]SHMLN)ZSM-NUTI\IISDTIVWSKSWKIJ1J5ISGZG
  0NJ\! )WLV! QHDM\ .M\KGWZZSG L\IVK<N N\+IVK<N
I\H-  PLNIIJJ/N 0LO L\DKLO *IIVSG *Z MRILV

H3IIS L\IVS\ NSIIGWZLZ NOON QUD- H:IIS L\DKLO


MDKKSIIJJOO-
  ISLVIVS\S8H- -VS+JJ- L\ NXMMSG! QUEDSG QIKEDSG

-VS+WSO/ WV+HM ISLVIVS\S8H- JZSMM L\ILVI QIK]/


F8WKIIJJ/W-L\DKLO
  NIVS+ H3XK/N1JK- P]S$N 0LODSLG X]S YG: UTI

\IISDTIV :ISGZGH3KS\ MSLVM-WSLVDK/NQJK2-!NTLID+


P]SHMS8HM 0LO .2W-N H3KSG XN QUKOOU QUKOOI
IK]JJ/WMLGX]SYGI)ZSJJSOOG+

  NL\ HKOE\ WKRHM )ZW+IV MLRDKLO NO/NGZS NXMMSG


JOLOILVFKSM-IQUDDJJOONX7KS0LODSLGP]SHMG+
  IZ)N (`\SLG Y2-N *\WLXJ J8MMS (`Z)N J8MMSJ QJ]/OG

JW]HMSDK+ [JJSO/I :WMS\S8H- J8MMSDSG QU\WKILI$N!


QMKGLNLD$NHG)F]X\KN
  1NO/I)EDSG+ JOOKLO F/MMS NISRHMG+ JOOKLOLD (`\KI

I\STINYG:)ZSJJSOOG+

 168


  PXUGSON J]SDS\ 8J1JK+ MKN P]S$N 0LOI)N 1UKZZS\S8H-


WEIIJJOO I4USLD  OOG+  MLG! 1UKZLN 7ZZ H3XLOI
I\STIN YG:\IISDN 5O/ISGZ-WWLI0LOQNKXQNKXJJKI

8HMMK\.8TIKII\STINYG7N)ZSIIJJOO-
  US\JJMSIKXMMSG FLXDS\ PEDK+I) H\\K+  WLIDKG 0LO
WLIILVI)ZSJJS/ISGZK+

  QJKGLN QW]LN J5LN HSZN QIK]O J\ N\+I6N I\H-


ISOHMK<N  LODS\ LO1D N]S1JK\ ISOH- NSVS+M\SG QHDM\
JLIMMLR

  L\MLRILV$N N\+ILV$N NX\HKKS<N HLZ HKKS<N QMK/M-I


IOEM  MLR$LODKIJ QJ]IV P]SHMMZ)U UTI \IISDTIV
UKGZVSIISGZG

  UTIIK\MMS\ J8MMS QHU7M QMKRS\ QJZZS8HM WV+UUSLDU UTI


(`\IVHNI)IKO/ISGZG
  I\STI HKOEGSG:N 0LOIV ZI)NMS QUDDJOOLNDK\ PLW

I\STIN  YGJJOOG JO/ U3GMMS\ 8H-N J8MMS 0LOIV


I\STIMMS\ 8H-N MNSRIN WHMG YGJLM$N \IISDTIV
:ISGZG

  QU\W+I6N PXU+I6N PRISD 1WL\JJK/  NSII (]]SD


JOOKLOILVM  MK.N  F/MMSG+  MNLNJ *IRH- JKED
*\W+I6I)NMKGNKIWRTISG+

  NIVS+ I\STIN YG'N! [8WLI 0LOLD P]SHMG+ P- I\STI


HKOE\S8H-WHM-YGJ-PJQJDXK\ QJZJJ/NIKHMKXHKOE\S8H-
WHM)EWLIIHMKXNYGJQJD+QJZZ-[J*1HKIIMMK)N

  UTIIK\ NIIV J\1W: WLIDKG P]SI\GILVJ JDGJ/MMSD


WRIINUTI\IISDMMK\*\GKISZ-
  NIVS+ JU/N USZJJSLG FOGJKO/ .IMMK'N YMS+ NLZ

.IMMK'N*ZHK'`:PZSWSIISGZ-

 169


  NIVS+ 0LO P]SI\GI1VK/ JSZ [JJLGDK\ QJK\SWLMU UTI


\IISDTIVWSKSM-LXI)N
  QJKG! QWVVS! UT)! .M- .M\SDWZZK\ LRMM P]SILV

PIIK\PKSLWD+P]SHMG+
  ,T):(KZ:JJKO\IVS\P]SIV)ZSMMQUDMSIVIK]JJ/ISGZG
  N]H- QIK]O P]LNI IK\MMS1\1D ML\W'I)J JXMMLN

[2IIN F]OKISD1JK- PLM PZSHM ML\WS PW'OG *\WS


QIK]/ QUK\WMKI PLNHM JKO\S\ []QMKE Y'N WLVD\
ONQJ:ISZ-

  JSKSH- QU\\ 8I)N ML\W'I)M 1MKRS H3 Y]]SDLM .EMMKD


0DS'N WV PR) N3OOZ) PKSDMKISWS/N YGI ZSU
QU\W2T)WSMMJKO\S\JK]E\P]S$NWRIIN*\JJ/ISZ-

  ML\WSLDM 1MEI QIK]/ 1JKG QUWS\S MG NILVJ JZZS


WSGWSGKV PWKIV ML\WG! ML\WSLDI I]OLM FLXMMGK
PJJKO\S\US\N*!IR\)ZSMMQUDMSONQJ:ISZ-

  ML\WGHNLNJJSKSDKGYGY]]SDS8HMKVML\WS0GK\PWG
JSKSHMGK PJ1JK- PWV XTISJ JK/WMKI PLN$N JKO\S\
1MKV]SONQJ:ISZ-

  NIVSLXJ 1JK\ 0OW8N QJKG P]SIVK\ MNLN P\TIKSM-I


QIK]OMLGUUTI\IISDTIVIKO/ISGZG
  *\SJJ\MK\S P]S$N WRIIN J]LOD )ZS4US HS\ NIIVKISD

IKGWKSLO1DHS\WSD[G:
  HN HKOE\ J]/ *\SJJ\ MK\SLDU US:W+I) P]SHM- 1JKG1Z
1NL\HK/IVS\ .ML\JJ\L\U US:W+I6I) P]SWSI)N WRIIN

8JJMKI7N P- IKJJ]S YGZ .LZDS1\1D P]SDJJ/WMKI7N


)ZSJJ+
  ,NJLOMMK\S JZZSD 1HXEDKG )ZSJJSLG N]S1NIL\DS\MKG

IK].EISGZ- PIIKJJSDN WW]SDSLGU US:W+ I2MMS\]SH-


8HMLNDSLGU5OEUQU\ISGZ-

 170


PEI)ZSJ*IV

 *ZN!JK
 1N\-!JK!WKS
 1N\-!JK!WKS
 1N\-!JK!WKS

 1N\-!JK!WKS
 1N\-!JK!WKS
 1N\-!JK!WKS

 1N\-!JK!WKS
 1N\-!JK
 )ZV!
 )ZS4US!WKS
 .\L\II\S!JK!WKS

 JKS!JK!WKS
 1N\-!JK!WKS
 PIN!JK!WKS

 1N\-!JK!WKS
 N-LXMMNSRUUTIN\+!JI
 MS8.8)!JK
 1N\-!WKS
 .\L\II\S!JK

 PIN!JK!WKS
 HZ!JK!WKS
 *ZN!JK!WKS

 1N\-!JK!WKS
 HG'`\!(`ZJK
 QJK8H+!WKS

 *ZN!JK

 171


 QJ8NJK]!JK
 QJK8H+!JK
 JOEG!WKS

 .\L\II\S!JK
 1N\-!JK

 US\N*!JK!WKS–

 1N\-!JK!WKS
 N8MII\S!JK
 US\N*!JK!WKS
 ,T!JK
 1N\-!JK
 MS8.8)!WKS

 *ZN!JK
 1N\-!JK
 1N\-!JK

 1N\-!JK
 1N\-!JK
 HZ!JK
 *ZN!JK
 HZ!JK
 *ZN!JK
 1N\-!JK

 MS8.8)!JK
 1N\-!
 *ZN!JK

 ):H!JK
 N-LXI!JK
 1N\-!JK
 QJ8NJK]!JK

 172


 JOEG!JK
 JKS!WKS
 PIN!JK

 HZ!JK
 *ZN!JKWKS
 1N\-!JK!WKS

 1N\-!JK!WKS
 1N\-!JK!WKS
 1N\-!JK!WKS

 1N\-!JK!WKS
 1N\-!JK
 1N\-!JK!WKS

 ,T!JK
 I\SM!JK!WKS
 *ZN!JK!WKS

 ):H!WKS
 *ZN!JK!WKS
 HZ!JK

 *ZN!JK!WKS
 1N\-!JK!WKS
 ):H!JK

 *ZN!JK!WKS
 JKS!JK!WKS
 1N\-!
 PIN!JK!WKS
 )ZS4US!WKS
 N-LXI!JK

 QJ8NJK]!JK
 QJK8H+!JK

 173


 1N\-!WKS
 QH/H\!JK
 1N\-!WKS

 US\N*HKQU\WXK5!WV6WJQJ]]SDN!JI
 QH/H\!JK
 ,T!JK
 1N\-!JK
 1N\-!JK
 1N\-!JK

 1N\-!JK
 1N\-!JK
 1N\-!JK

 1N\-!JK
 1N\-!JK
 1N\-!JK

 1N\-!JK
 *ZN!JK

 QJ8NJK]!WKS–

 *ZN!JK
 1N\-!JK
 QJ8NJK]!WKS

 JOEG!WKS–

 *ZN!JK
 U3WI!JK

 N-LXI!WKSʹ

 MS8.8)!JK
 1N\-!WKS

 1N\-!WKS
 .\L\!JK

 174


 ):H!JK
 US:JK]!WKS!
 ):H!JK

 1N\-!JK
 N-LX!JK
 ):H!JK

 PIN!JK
 ):H!JK
 1N\-!JK

 HZ!JK
 N-LXI!WKS

 )ZS4US!WKSʹ

 US:JK]!WKS
 ):H!WKS

 N-LXI!WKS
 HZ!JK
 ):H!JK

 N-LXI!WKS
 MS8.8)!WKS
 HZ!JK

 ):H!JK
 N-LXI!WKS
 MNSR+J]ELII6NJ]JK/N!H>G!JI
 *ZHK'`:\.NFLX$N!F1WUKJMSJ*!JI
 ):HQMKLI\.NFLX$N!F1WUKJMSJ*JI
 ):H!JK!WKS

 Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology legend, maria leach, P.37

 ):H!JK!WKS

 PIN!JK!WKS–

 175


 US\N*!JK!WKS

 PIN!JK!WKS–

 1N\-!JK!WKS–

 *ZHK'`:\.NJLRDFLX$N!F1WUKJMSJ*!JI
 N]S1NIL\\.NP8NJMFLX$N!F1WUKJMSJ*!JI

 1N\-!JI–

 N]S!JK!WKS–

 176

You might also like