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û1ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V

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D oϳ`nfÖ] E Üû Óö ßô mû ô àû Úô ^³ãø $Þ ^-³Êø ˜ø ³ñô †ø ³Ëø ³Öû ]]çû ³Ûö ³×$ ³Ãø ³iø

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16 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰wDZ «Š
17 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ÃÅ_Z÷D
18 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰;@ *zzÅ Z åE
˜W [Â
20 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰?VYÂèc*
g *Š
21 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰¤SÅ[ÂÃk
,i
23 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰_Z÷DgzZ]]

25 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ lgZ ¦
/
û wÍ Z[!*
ü
( ]q ˜ZzwßZPgzZ´t £B÷āF,
)

27 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ ]q˜ZzwßZ :wÍZ`


30 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ °Z ¸zwßZP
35 ´:xzŠ`
‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ āF,
35 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰\z4
û6ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
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™ yZÄ
35 Û 5ZŠ Z
‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰nŒ
36 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰¤z åG 3G
E5©EE"

36 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰āF,

_g ÑZ ú Zñ :xzŠ`
37 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰òÝ
37 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰+Šs %Z

38 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰+g ZŠs %Z

38 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰O

û xzŠ[!*
ü
{ÆyZgzZY U*
gzÆè
øZÁZ[ôZ :wÍZ`
42 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰\!*
G
42 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰È» ïEG3{š$
G
42 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ ¡ïEG3{š$
43 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ ( 9]
.) ZŠ ZŠ
43 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ ( ð¸Çq
-ÑVâ ) xÑZŠ ÑzZ
û7ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
$ZgzÈâ ‡»xsZ
™ yZÄ
44 Ù Ø/`zi
‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ C
45 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ zzi

45 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ e
46 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ V»7

47 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ äÇ

48 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ äC´

49 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ ä°ìZ
49 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰Vâ
50 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ B~Š ZŠ ) { åE
( ã** 7M

5{“ :xzŠ`
] éE
EE
52 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰îp©3E"9,u9
EE
53 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ ¬»îp©3E
"9

54 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ {%9

54 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ {)ì9
EÅ EÅ
Û ~ çG
55 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰t .ā Z ìzçG 9
.ā !*
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55 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ öE9

56 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰Šg6
,unÁZ ~zf
û8ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
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™ yZÄ
gzvŠ :xÎ`
Û zY U*
{)zÝ
57 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ x qg ÑZzf

57 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ ]ÑZ>Z à ñ
EÅ E
58 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ çG
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3 A+E t
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59 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰wÓZ ü ! öW ñ
G

59 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ wÓZš
M
59 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰?ìŠ Z%HÐäƒxzø
60 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ yÒ»t

61 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ 9Åt
61 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ yvt

62 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ yâ wt

û xÎ[!*
ü
i§»ä¯X
65 [ÂwßZ :wÍZ`
66 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ x Â~g (Z
66 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰i Z0
+Z »YZu
67 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ g »i§Zg ø
û9ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
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67 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰i§»™X

70 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰āÜ»wßZ

gz~o :xzŠ`
'gßZÅY U*
72 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ Vƒ] éE # Y U*
5{“sÜZ gz( 1)
72 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ Vƒ'
, ,
Z' ~z1
ƒ
73 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ ƒCYð0*
ÚðÃ~X
75 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰VƒVâzŠnzÁZ ~zfgzZ] éE
5{“ ( 2)
75 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ BVÅuZzq â

78 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ BVÅÁq Zâ Z
92 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰VƒnzÁZ ~zfsÜY U*
gz ( 3)
wú :xÎ`
94 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ i§Zg ø
95 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰?7c*
ì wú~X
101 yTÅŠgXgzZŠg :xg X`
102 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰uZz½Ôƒ:åz²ZuZ~Y U*
gz
104 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ Š¼k»Z
110 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ ƒåz²ZuZ~XÔn~uzŠ
û 10ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
$ZgzÈâ ‡»xsZ
™ yZÄ
CÄZ G
åE î*\£:Q`
116 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ È»‚£

110 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰Vƒ: nzÁZ ~zfvŠ {z´Æ]´´


118 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ VƒŠŽñnzÁZ ~zfvŠ {z´Æ]´´
118 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰wVÅ‚£
G$
§E
120 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ wVÅ ö â u

121 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ wVÅwÓZ 0k‡


123 Lo :¼`
123 Þ ‡
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û xg X[!*
ü
x qg ÑZ ~zf
133 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰¬zp°Åx qg ÑZ ~zf :wÍ Z`

124 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ g»„»V


$Zgz
136 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ x lZ Åx qg ÑZ ~zf :xzŠ`

136 Û ( 1)
‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ YZ qz
138 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ YZwßZ ( 2)
û 11ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
$ZgzÈâ ‡»xsZ
™ yZÄ
Û ( 3)
140 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ YZwßZ q z

142 Û ( 4)
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û Q[!*
ü
@
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47E
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Z ÅÂ ö 7E
@-4E
149
-š^I
150 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ Ý » òö x â Z
E

150 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ s %Z » èEG


58™~óC
4E

yÒ»Ü:xzŠ`
152 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰g Zlņ¸ñz»Ü

154 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ V è ŸZgzZÜ


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159 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ {”Ë /Š ® :xÎ`
162 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ b)ÆD
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163 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ ¬»]ZñZ¦½Z :Q`

164 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ :e
169 ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰gŠ rzU Z%
û 12ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
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$ZgzÈâ ‡»xsZ
Ûr
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9zg 5000 = 20000x0.25 =
9zg 15,000=20,000x0.75 = z»d
W

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W 9 C1
Hc*
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û 77ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
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¤ Cq
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h

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h

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0.875 = 1- 0.125 = z»d


W 9 C1
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û 78ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
$ZgzÈâ ‡»xsZ
:BVÅÁq Zâ Z‰‰‰‰‰‰‰/
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g ZlÅāF,
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: 1-‰·ù =z»9R C 1
0.375=1-0.625 =z» R Z® 0.625 = 0.5+0.1250 = ‰·ù
û 79ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
$ZgzÈâ ‡»xsZ
F„
: ā,
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āF,
9zg 12500 =100000x0.1235= z» ~ç ÔçO
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9zg 100000=37500+50000+12500 :w*
@,
7

Ô Zƒ]¯™hg R q
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C1
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0.167 = 1 - 0.833 : z» ð¸9
û 80ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
$ZgzÈâ ‡»xsZ
F„
:ā,
9zg 79920 = 120000x0.666 = z»V@2
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9zg 20040 = 120000x0.167= z» ð¸
9zg 120000 = 39960+39960+20040+20040 : w*
@,
7

( ì xzøC7~T) ( 3)wV

ÅāF,
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Ì ³³þ jþ nÚ

C7 Vâ Ó zŠ
VÃ ÙØ
C
C 1 xzø 1/6 2/3 1/4 {ÝZ
X 0.1666 0.6666 0.25

1.0834 = 0.1667+0.6667+0.25: ‰·ù


iÐ ó ó 1 L L‰·ùVŒèa
93mçOÔì´¬XtZ®ì {Š c*
wú6,
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:ı56,
û 81ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
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( ÷„gák‡V»7ÐzzÅeq

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Ì ³³þ jþ nÚ

1C V»7zŠ Vâ e ÙØ
C
1/6 1/6 1/2 1/4 {ÝZ
0.1667 0.1667 0.5 0.25

1.0834 = 0.1667+0.1667+0.5+0.25:‰·ù

iÐ ó ó 1 L L‰·ùÌVŒèa
6,93mçOÔì´¬Xt Z®ì {Š c*
Û ±5~[!*
X ,™iŠpÃwVkZ™ ⠁ Æwú
I&
iÐ y é5ÒI
7{Š c* zÀ»Š ÑzZ: **
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7 »è) ð¸B‚ÆyZ¤
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c*
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~4wVçO( ñYƒŠÅƒā @* Ë áz1/6Ì
) àn%×%×Ö è×Û³Ó³i ÷$
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-Z
X ˆƒŠÅ ( 4/6)ƒ™ï( 1/6+1/2){ÆVZ7gzZeVŒ 1C
û 82ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
$ZgzÈâ ‡»xsZ
( ì „gázC7ÐzzÅD7VŒ) ( 5)wV
X ˆƒ]¯™hgV»7zŠgzZ @* Ó zŠÔÇq
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7 Ó zŠ
VÃ Vâ
xzø 5{“
] éE 2/3 1/6 {ÝZ
X 0.1666 0.6667 0.1667

16.66% 66.67% 16.67% z‚

Z® ì ÁÐ 1 ·ùtèa 0.8334 =0.6667+0.1667 : ‰·ù C 1


0.1666 =1-0.8334 : z»] éE
5{“ :çO XÐB9wâ c*

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ƒ: @*/Z~ {gÃè ]gß

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Ù ²{2ÃD7 ªX ñ0*
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gZΠ$Zgz~( 16.66%)
X ÏBz'
, ,
Z' -Z™ïV»7VâzŠ6,
ÆD7q gî¦ùā c*
Í
+Š[¢~100ÃzÝZāìti§»ä™x¥‚,i Z {z´
X }h
û 83ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
$ZgzÈâ ‡»xsZ
F„
:ā,
āF, Ù ~ÆF,
À < zÝZ : î~O 8 »_g ZzC À
: çO
9zg 16670 = 100000X0.1667 : z»{−Zz
9zg 66670 = 100000x0.6667:z»V@zŠ
9zg 33335 = 100000X0.33335 :z»e«
9zg 33335 = 100000X0.33335 :z»e~uzŠ
16660 = 100000X0.1666 : î~O 8»] éE
5{“

-ZÆ™„6,
kZÃD7²ÇñWòz» C7q 4Ã{Æ] éE
5{“
HŠ »
:çOX ÇñYïk
9zg 4165 = 16660@4 : z» C7«
9zg 4165 = 16660@4 : z» C7~uzŠ
9zg 8330 = 4165 <2 : z»D7
: w*
@,
7
= 8330+4165+4165+33335+33335+16670

100,000

:÷„g YÅiÆ™ÜÐ24gzZ 23™ó óYZuL LBVPÐW


û 84ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
$ZgzÈâ ‡»xsZ
( 23:mÔwVÅYZu) ( 6)wV
³³þ þjnÚ
R3 Š ZŠ 3
Vc* Ó 6

’)9
1C ( c* 1/6 2/3 õzO 8ÝZ
0.1666 0.1667 0.6667

16.66% 16.67% 66.67% õzO 8~‚


:āF,
Ù ÂÔìāF,
_g ZzC 9zg (ÄÑq
-Z ) 100,000 ~wVÑ!*
{gÃè}
?Ў9zgÄÃ
À Xz~X = z/£~āF,
āF,
:çO
9zg 66660 =100,000x0.6666: z»V@6 ( 1)
-Z‰‰‰‰Â
9zg 11110 = 66660@6 :z»eq
’Z® Ôì ÁÐ 1 ·ùtèa 0.8334=0.1667+0.6667 : ‰·ù C1
c*
0.1666 =1-0.8334 : z»] éE
5{“ :çO XÐB9wâ
ÛC
ŠÙ¤/Zh
+'× Xì Š Š[¢~100Ã{C
Hc* Ù nÆä™x¥z~‚,i Z {z´
„6,Š Z®ÅkZ ( ƒz~‚c*ƒāF,ì e)ÃõzO 8ÀÆ\z¤
/ƒ *
*™x¥z»
Û ±5~āF,
Xá ⠁ 6à {ÆV@}Ô}™
„ÃÏZ}™„6,
û 85ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
$ZgzÈâ ‡»xsZ
9zg 16670 = 100,000 x0.1667 :z»V- Š ZŠ 3 ( 2)
9zg 5556.66 = 16670@3 :z» ~Š ZŠq
-Z‰‰‰‰Â

9zg 16670 = 100,000 x 0.1667 : z»Vƒ R3 ( 3)


-Z‰‰‰‰Â
9zg 5556.66 = 16670@3 :z» Rq

C 1 100,000 = 16670 + 16670 + 66660 : w@*


7,

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û 86ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
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³³þ ³þ þjnÚ
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õF Š ZŠ 3
Vc* ]Yzi 4
’)9
1C ( c* 1/6 1/4 {ÝZ
0.5833 0.1667 0.25

58.33% 16.67% 25% õzO 8~‚


:āF,
Ù ÂÔìāF,
_g ZzC 9zg (ÄÑq
-Z ) 100,000 ~wVÑ!*
{gÃè}
XЎ9zgÄÃ
À Xz~X =z/£~āF,
āF,
çO
9zg 25,000 = 0.25x100,000 : z»]Yzi 4 ( 1)
9zg 6250 = 25,000 4 : î~O 8»zzi 1‰‰‰‰‰Â

’ Z® Ôì ÁÐ 1 ·ùtèa 0.4167= 0.1667+0.25 : ‰·ù C1


c*
0.5833 =1-0.4167 : z»] éE
5{“ :çO XÐB9wâ
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û 87ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
$ZgzÈâ ‡»xsZ
9zg 16,670 = 0.1667x100,000: z»]Z]
.3 ( 2)
.1‰‰‰‰Â
9zg 5556.66 = 16670 @3 : î~O 8»{]

9zg 58330 = 0.5833x100,000 : z»Vƒ R12 ( 3)


9zg 4860.83 = 58330 @12 : î~O 8» R1‰‰‰‰Â
100,000 = 58330+16670+25000 :w@*
7,

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58.33% c* 0.5833 = 84 /144 : î~O 8»Vƒ R ( 3)
Wò ³„z™wï‚Q c*
c* ÔÆ™ »ÃN ~y s !*
W„ÆYZuy H±5ä \W
Xì ZƒÑï~Vz÷zŠ«äë&
E
1·ùtèa 0.9584=0.1667+0.6667+0.125 :‰·ù C1 Z å˜W™

0.0416 =1-0.9584 :z»] éE


5{“:çO ì »9c*
’Z® Ôì ÁÐ
û 89ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
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:āF,
ÔìāF, Ù J‚ÔÄÑq
9zg ( gZD -Z ) 160,000 ~wVÑ!*
{gÃè}
ÙÂ
?Ў9zgÄÃ_g ZzC
À Xz~X = z/£~ā,
āF, F
çO
9zg 20,000 =160,000X0.125 = ìz»]Yzi 4 ( 1)
9zg 5000 = 20,000 @ 4= z»zzi 1‰‰‰‰‰Â

9zg 106672 = 160,000X0.6667 :z»V@18 ( 2)


9zg 5926.22 =106672@18 = z»e1 ‰‰‰‰‰Â

9zg 26672 = 160,000 X 0.1667= z»V- Š ZŠ 15 ( 4)


9zg 1778.133 = 26672@15= z» ~Š ZŠ 1‰‰‰‰‰Â

9zg 6656 = 160,000 X 0.0416 = z»Vƒ R6 ( 3)


9zg 1109.33 = 6656@ 6 = z» R1‰‰‰‰Â
:w@*
7,
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û 90ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
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0.0416 0.1667 0.6667 0.125

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ÁÐ1 ·ùtèa 0.9584 =0.1667+0.6667+0.125 :‰·ù C1


5{“:çO ì »9c*
0.0416=1-0.9584 :z»] éE ’Z® Ôì
û 91ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
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0.0416 0.1667 0.6667 0.125

4.16% 16.67% 66.67% 12.5% {~‚

gzZ ¬Z ÂÔzÓ6,159:m~~i Z§bÑÅkZÉ 7~YZuwVt


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0.0416=1-0.9584 :z»] éE
5{“:çO ì »9c*
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û 92ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
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0.6667 0.1667 0.25

0.6667 0.1667 0.25


1.0834 1.0834 1.0834 ˆÆ wú
=0.6154 =0.1538 = 0.2308 C 1 :{
61.54% 15.38% 23.08% {~‚
À < î~O 8~Z : î~O 8»_g Zz~āF,
āF, „
:āF,
»zzi ( 1)
9zg 23,080 = 100000X0.2308 :z~āF,
9zg 15,380 = 100000X0.1538 :z~āF,»{−Zz ( 2)
9zg61540= 100000X0.6154 :z»V“2~āF,( 3)
9zg 30775 = 61540 @ 2 :zȂ1

1.0834 = 0.6667 + 0.1667 + 0.25 :·ù»‰À C 1


Ðó ó 1L L‰·ùèa
Xì ~gz¢wúZ®ì ;g| (,
û 97ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
$ZgzÈâ ‡»xsZ
( 20mYZu) :tŸ
aX
( \!* Ó zŠÔ ~ç q
Ô Vâ )+−ZzgzZVÃ gzÆ T Zƒ ]¯y{ ÅZ
-Z U*
Ù ā}™x¥t Âì 9zg ( 100000)ÄÑ q
C À¤
-ZāF, /Z X ‰ {gú
?ÇAzHÃ_g Zz
³³þ ³þ jþ nÚ
Vâ [Z Ó 2
VÃ zzi 1
1/6 1/6 2/3 1/8 {ÝZ
0.1667 0.1667 0.6667 0.125

0.1667 0.1667 0.6667 0.125


1.125 1.125 1.125 1.125 ˆÆwú
=0.1482 =0.1482 =0.5925 =0.1111 C1 {
14.82% 14.42% 59.25% 11.11% {~‚

:ƒ±56, „
ÔŒZāF,

1.125 =0.3334+0.6667+0.125 :·ù»‰À C 1


Ðó ó 1L L‰·ùèa
Xì ~gz¢wúZ®ì ;g| (,
w¶ZIz
=w¶ZˆzçO
‰·ù
û 98ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
$ZgzÈâ ‡»xsZ

:āF,
9zg 11110 =0.1111@100,000 :z»zzi~āF,( 1)

9zg 59250=0.5925<100,000:z»V@VâzŠ~āF,
( 2)
Ù²
9zg 29625 =59250@2 : zȂC

9zg 14820=0.1482<100,000 : î~O 8»−Zz~āF,( 3)

9zg14820=0.1482<100,000 : î~O 8»{−Zz~āF,( 4)

:w@*
7,
100,000 =14820+14820+29625+29625+11110
û 99ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
$ZgzÈâ ‡»xsZ
3wV
zŠ gzZä( q ) C´zŠ {−ZzÔ ~ç q
-Ñ\!* gzÆ T Zƒ ]¯æg
-Z U*
9zg ( 100000)ÄÑq À¤
-ZāF, -ÑVâ ) °ìZ
/ZX I{gúä( q
Ù ā}™x¥tÂì
?ÇAzHÃ_gZzC
³³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ jþ nÚ
Û »g
 Cä°ìZ 2 äC´2 Vâ ~ç
X 1/3 2/3 1/6 1/4 {ÝZ
xzø 0.3333 0.6667 0.1667 0.25
0.3333 0.6667 0.1667 0.25 Æwú

1.4167 1.4167 1.4167 1.4167 {ˆ


0.2353 0.4706 0.1177 0.1764 C1
23.53% 47.06% 11.77% 17.64% {‚

:ƒ±56, „
™ŒZāF,

1.4167 =0.3333+0.6667+0.1667+0.25:·ù»‰À C1
Ðó ó 1L L‰·ùèa
Xì ~gz¢wúZ®ì ;g| (,
w¶ZIz
=w¶Zˆz
‰·ù
û100ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
$ZgzÈâ ‡»xsZ


:āF,
:z»zzi~āF,
À ( 1)
9zg 17640 = 0.1764X100000 :
z»Vâ ~āF,
À ( 2)
9zg 11770 = 0.1177X100000:
:z»V“C´~āF,
À( 3)
9zg 47060=0.4706X100000:
9zg 23530 = 47060@2 :z»Çq Ù
-ZC
:z»VǸǰ§Z ( 4)
9zg 23530 =0.2353X100000:
Ù
9zg 11765= 23530@2:z»Ç°§ZC

:w@*
7,
100,000 =23530+47060+11770+17640
û101ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
$ZgzÈâ ‡»xsZ
xg X`

yÒ» Šg

{gHLZÃnzÁZ ~zfāìtÅkZ,Xì ( @'


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zŠÐZ ÂÔ ñY$¹!*
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çOXì @* 7,™„ÐÚʼn
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zŠVŒX Vƒó Šó °ZˆL Ž
:ì ~gz¢wì»VÂ!* L fƒ{zx{ÆY U*
gz
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4]
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X Yƒ7‡ó Šó g L L~]gßÅ] éE ~uzŠ X 2
5{“āt]!*
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:Š æOÇZˆz»_g Zz ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰ ( 1) {°‡
·ù»‰À /

:Š æOÇZˆz»_g Zz‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰D2E{°‡
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åz²ZuZðö§E â X Š æOÇZIz
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1:gzX ÇñYHwEZ 2{°‡Âì _g Zzðä


/Z Ð~åzi /
û102ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
$ZgzÈâ ‡»xsZ

:yTÅŠgX
X ñY¬ŠˆÆä™k
, Ù Æ÷Åè
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/Z ?7āì ŠŽñ9~Y U*
gzā
/Z ?ì H·ù »‰yZā Ç ñY ¬Š ŠŽñ79¤
1¤ /ZgzZX @*
ƒ Za
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» kZ Âì ÁÐ 1‰·ù¤ iÐ 1c*
]gz¢Å ó Šó g L L~ZkZāìtÈ
X Ï} 7,
ǃðÃÐ~( ~çVx)åziāìtùzz÷k
c* Ž9g eÅkZ
X I0'gßgetb§ÏZŠ¼c* Ù Q?7
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( 1)
ƒ:åz²ZuZ~Y U*
gz
ƒ:ŠŽñðÃÐ~~çVx~Y U*
èkZ Âc* gzÆkZāè+Z
á c*
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X å[0* áä
gzZ¶Å7„Š ÷
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gz
:uZz½
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 ªVƒÆ½„q gzÆè
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iŠ Z®ÅyZ
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kZI{g Và gzÆT Zƒ]¯¿q
-Z :( 1)wV
û103ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
$ZgzÈâ ‡»xsZ
Å&çOX ÇñY H„'
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c* c*
g egzZ6,
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e e e
1/3 1/3 1/3

³³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ jþ nÚ
Ç Ç Ç Ç Ç
1/5 1/5 1/5 1/5 1/5

{gÃèZ®ì ˆÅÐ ó ó 1L L óCÅb)~ Z åE


VÂgßÑ!* ˜W [Âèa
™Ég ZlÅāF,
(Å 1 ~ ]gßÅāF,
X ÷ ‰ á ïÐ1 { Ì~
C 1 X ÇñWò~āF, Ù Â}™„
z»_g ZzC

2 /3 V@ƒ
ÃV“c* ƒŠŽñ9ðä
 yZ Â@* /Z~VÂgßÑ!*
{gÃè C 1
9èa VŒ1Ô * ŠÃ] éE
@Y c* @YH„yxgŠÆƒ
5{“{z Ç1/3 ŽgzZ *  yZ& M
@Y ¹ ó Šó g L L~ b ˜Z&Ô Š
1X ì * ŠÃ4Z Ì1/3 ¹!*
Hc* ˆÆ2/3 Z®7ðÃ
,
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tX Š , ,yxgŠÆnzÁZ ~zfƒ
Z'  yZāF,Zg ‚~
G yÒ~x £LZb)ÆŠgXƒˆÆóŠó g L Ž
L ǃx„zz »_g Zz~āF,
XÐN Y
û104ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
$ZgzÈâ ‡»xsZ

:Š¼k»Z
VƒZ̉ÆyZB‚B‚ÆY U* gz›®āìtÈ»kZ
ƒÐ C1 q âq
:}B‚ÆVâzŠ c* -Zm»‰yZì e

( Vƒ¦k‡gzZÛ~T ) :( 2)wV
ÅāF,
/ZX ˆ{g C7 q
¤ -ZgzZe q gzÆkZ Zƒ]¯¿q
-ZÐ ~U* -Z
?ǃHzµ Zµ Z » U*
gzÂì ( 100000 )9zgÄÑq
-Zg Zl
³³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ jþ nÚ
C7 e
1/6 1/2

0.1667 0.5

0.6667 =0.1667+0.5 :‰·ù


X ÇñYH ó Šó g L LVŒZ®7ðÃÌ9gzZì ÁÐ"1"‰·ùèa
:ı56,
Ԍ Z

yWÛŒāìt,Å q â: C 1
X ÷‰ G„~q Zâ ZzŠÃV”ÀgÃè~u0*
ƒ„6,
( ƒ@* 2` %»XÔāŒV-6,gîÆã‚W ) y Ô,g ÔÛ X :wzZ q â
I&
ƒ„6,
( ƒ@* 3 ` %»Xª) k‡ Ô u Ô y é5ÒI X : xzŠ q â
VƒÆwzZ q âì eÔVƒZÐ}uzŠq
c* -Z™ƒŠ¼{~qçñck ,iÎ
E
G&
X Vƒ( Æx ZŠ q â‰gzZÆwzZ q ≪) ûÒ5BÆVâzŠ c*
VƒÆxzŠ
û105ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
$ZgzÈâ ‡»xsZ
³³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ jþ nÚ
C7 e
1/6 1/2 :{ÝZ
0.1667 0.5
0.1667 0.5
0.6667 0.6667
= 0.25 = 0.75 C 1 Š°Zˆ{
25% 75% {~‚

:ƒx¥āF,
¤ F„
/ZgzZ :ā,
À XŠ°Zˆz~X :z~āF,
āF, À
9zg 75000 = 0.75X100000 :z»e ( 1)
9zg 25000 = 0.25X100000 :z» C7 ( 2)

9zg 100,000 = 25000+75000 :w@*


7,

9gzZì ÁÐ "1" ‰·ùX 0.6667 =0.1667+0.5 :‰·ù C 1


Š°ZIz äƒ:Æåz²ZuZgzZ ÇñYH óŠó g L LVŒZ®7ðÃÌ
‰·ù =Š°Zˆz X ǃ wEZ 1{°‡ÐzzÅ
û106ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
$ZgzÈâ ‡»xsZ
( Vƒk‡zŠgzZÛ~T) ( 3)wV
/ZX ‰ {gVâgzZ C7q
¤ -ZÔeq gzÆkZ Zƒ]¯¿q
-ZÐ~U* -Z
?ǃHzµ Zµ Z » U*
gzƒ( 100000 )9zgÄÑq
-ZgZlÅāF,
³³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ jþ nÚ
Vâ C7 e
1/6 1/6 1/2 {ÝZ
0.1667 0.1667 0.5
0.1667 0.1667 0.5 Š°Zˆ{
0.8334 0.8334 0.8334
= 0.20 = 0.20 = 0.60 ( 1)
20% 20% 60% {~‚

À Xz~XŠ°Zˆ : z~āF,
āF, À „
:āF,
9zg 60000 =0.60X100000 :z»e ( 1)
9zg 20000 =0.20X100000 :z» C7 ( 2)
9zg 20000 =0.20X100000 :z»{−Zz( 3)

0.8334 = 0.1667 + 0.1667 + 0.5 :‰·ù ( 1)


Xì Å óŠó g L L]gßtZ®7ðÃÌ9gzZì ÁÐ"1"‰·ùèa
X ǃt :Z » 1{°‡VŒZ®7ŠŽñåz²ZuZ~kZ,i Z {z´
û107ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
$ZgzÈâ ‡»xsZ
:( 4)wV
Xì9zg ( 100000)ÄÑq gzZÔVƒ¦k‡gzZu~T
-ZāF,
³³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ þjnÚ
{−Zz ð¸Ç°ìZ
1/6 1/3 {ÝZ
0.1666 0.3334

{Š°Zˆ
0.1666 0.3334
0.5 0.5
( 1)
=0.3332 = 0.6668

33.32% 66.68% {~‚

F„
:ā,
9zg 66680 =100000X0.6668 :z» ð¸Ç°ìZ ( 1)
9zg 33320 =100000X0.3332 :z»{−Zz ( 2)

ÁÐ "1"‰·ùèa ,0.5 = 0.1666 + 0.3334 : ‰·ù ( 1)


X ǃt :Z » 1{°‡ÌVŒZ®7ŠŽñåz²ZuZgzZì
û108ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
$ZgzÈâ ‡»xsZ
:( 5)wV
Xì9zg ( 100000)ÄÑq gzZÔVƒ¦ugzZÛ~T
-ZāF,
³³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ ³þ jþ nÚ
{−Zz ÇÇ
1& 3 1&2 {ÝZ
(0.3334) (0.5)

0.3334/0.8334 0.5/0.8334 Š°Zˆ{


=0.40 = 0.60 ( 1)
40% 60% {~‚

F„
:ā,
À X Š°Zˆz~Z : z»_g Zz~ÆF,
āF,
9zg 60,000 = 100,000 < 0.60 :z»ÇÇ ( 1)
9zg 40,00 = 100,000 < 0.40 : z»{−Zz ( 2)

ì ÁÐ"1"‰·ùèa ,0.8334 = 0.3334+ 0.5:‰·ù ( 1)


X ǃt :Z » 1{°‡ÌVŒZ®7ŠŽñåz²ZuZgzZ
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9zg 80000 = 100000<0.80 :z»V@2 ( 1)


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û122ü‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰V
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/////
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( 0.1667) ( 0.5) ( 0.25)

0.9167 = 0.1667+ 0.5 + 0.25 :‰·ù


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G$
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0.6667 = 0.1667 + 0.5 :·ù»‰Æ:Šk


,ð X3
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M
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0.6667

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h ³³þ ³þ ³þ jþ nÚ
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M
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9
ó ó
ó ó
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ó
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0.25 0.25 0.5


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7.02% 18.8% 9.3% 12.5%
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9zg 6250 = 100000 X 0.0625 : V


9zg 6250 = 100000 X 0.0625 : Ïg
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9zg 18800 = 100000 X 0.188 : −{
9zg 18800 = 100000 X 0.188 :+

9zg 14060 = 100000 X 0.1406 :–
9zg 7020 = 100000 X 0.0702 : %¬
9zg 7020 = 100000 X 0.0702 : }Z

: w@*
7,
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