DIASS
Counseling Services
 Counselors can be found in almost all firms
and organizations
 Counselors can be found in the
government
 They can also be found in private sectors
 Counseors can be found in schools
 They can be found in the community
The Setting
 It is not necessary to have a large,
expensively furnished office
 The constant ringing of telephone or
knocking on doors can be distracting and
may cause difficulty in establishing rapport
 One may counsel in a home, a park, a
chapel, or any available vacant room, while
privacy is very important
 Simplicity of furnishing is acceptable,
comport is necessary
 Arrange the chairs in the room, so that the
client may be able to choose their seat
 Avoid placing chairs in a position where the
counselee cannot see you clearly
 Try to present a calm, pleasant, and
prepared appearance
Counseling methods/approaches
 Psychoanalytic therapy
 Adlerian therapy
 Existential therapy
 Person-centered therapy
 Gestalt therapy
 Transactional therapy
 Behavior therapy
 Rational-emotive therapy
 Reality therapy
Counseling Plan of Action
 Define the Problem
 Establish Goals
 Behavior Change
Counseling Step-by-Step
 Secure a room that is neat and comportable
 Pay attention to the furniture, lighting, and
privacy
 Have a system to record information about
the client (name,sex, address, telephone
number, email address, date of birth,
marital status, occupation, etc.)
 At the beginning of the session, greet the
counselee in a friendly manner.
 Introduce the counseling session with a few
general questions
 Affirm the client and put him/her at ease
 Share your confidentiality rules with the
client
 Inform the client of what he or she could
expect from you
 Do not be afraid to state that your approach
in counseing or your couseling style
 Listen to the problem carefully before
coming to any conclusions
 Be careful not to take sides
 Show a deep interest in what the clients is
saying and ask questions for clarification
 Try to identify the problem
 It is a good idea to encourage the client to
set some goals
 Avoid sounding judgmental in your
approach
 Listen to the client well …
 If the client is silent after you ask him/her a
question, do not become impatient.
 Do not become uncomfortable if your client
cries.
 Observe ethical standards at all times.
Inappropriate touching, sexual suggestions
is wrong.
 Refer if you cannot handle the situation.
 Always remember that you are not God.
Teach the client to turn over the situation
to God (James 1:5)
 Keep the bible handy for any texts you may
need as resources
 Pray in heart throughout the session
 Inspire a sense of hope in the client
 Pray with the client at the end
The discipline of Social Work
Defining Social Work
 Social work is an academic discipline
and profession that concerns itself with
individuals, families, groups and communiti
es in an effort to enhance social functioning
and overall well-being.  they need to meet life’s challenges and
 Social functioning is the way in which
people perform their social roles, and the
structural institutions that are provided [by
whom?]
 to sustain them. Social work
applies social sciences, such
as sociology, psychology, political
science, public health, community
development, law, and economics, to
engage with client systems, conduct
assessments, and develop interventions to
solve social and personal problems; and to
bring about social change.
 Social work practice is often divided into
micro-work, which involves working directly
with individuals or small groups; and macro-
work, which involves working with
communities, and - within social policy -
fostering change on a larger scale.
Goals of Social Work
 Help people enlarge their competences and
increase problem solving and coping
abilities
 Help people obtain needed resources
 Make organizations responsive to people
 Facilitate interactions between individuals
and others in their environment
 Influence interactions between
organizations and institutions
 Influence social and environment policy
Scope of Social Work
 Enhancing Social Function
 Remedying Personal Dysfunction
 Promoting Social Justice
Core Values of Social Work
 People should have access to the resources
difficulties as well as access to opportunities
to realize their potentialities throughout
their lives
 Every person is unique and has inherent
worth; therefore, interactions with people
 as they pursue and utilized resources should
enhance their dignity and individuality
Roles and Functions of a Social Worker
 People have a right to freedom insofar as
they do not infringe on the right of others;
therefore, transactions with people in the
course of seeking and utilizing resources
should enhance their independence and self
determination

 Realization of the above values should be

mutual responsibility of individual and of
the society. Society should foster conditions
and provide opportunities for citizens to
participate in the democratic process.
Citizens should fulfill their responsibilities to
the society by actively participating in the
democratic manner.

Areas of Specialization
Principles of Social Work
Child Welfare
 HUMAN DIGNITY
 Emotionally demanding
 DIGNITY OF WORK AND THE RIGHTS OF
WORKERS  On-call 24 hours a day

 COMMUNITY AND THE COMMON GOOD  Required to meet with clients

 SOLIDARITY Medical/Public Health

 RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES  Always in high demand

 STEWARDSHIP  Employed as a medical social worker in

hospitals, nursing homes, assisted living
 PRIORITY FOR THE POOR AND facilities, substance abuse treatment
VULNERABLE centers, home health agencies and
 GOVERNANCE/PRINCIPLE OF more.
SUBSIDIARITY  They spend most of their time
 PARTICIPATION advocating for their rights of his/her
patients
 PROMOTION OF PEACE
Mental health

 It is very beneficial for a social worker in

this specialization to earn a masters
degree.
  They can provide therapy, counseling, Code of Ethics
diagnosing mental health conditions,
o The social worker’s conduct and
etc.
comportment as a social worker
School Social Workers
 Propriety
 Mediators between students, families,
 Competence and Professional
and their teachers
Development
 Delegated the task of handling crisis
 Service
intervention, behavioral intervention
programs, health education, truancy  Integrity
prevention, sexual education
 Scholarship and Research
Substance Abuse
o The social worker’s ethical responsibility
 Areas of specialization are in the to clients
following settings; juvenile detention
centers, mental health centers,  Primacy of clients interest
substance abuse treatment facilities,  Rights of prerogatives of clients
non-profit organizations, prisons/jails.
 Confidentiality and privacy
Other career opportunities
 Fees
 Community Mental Health Center
o The social worker’s ethical responsibility
 Mental Health Agency
to colleagues
 Pediatric Hospital IPU
 Respect, fairness and courtesy
 Child Welfare Agency
 Dealing with colleagues clients
 Homeless Services Agency
o The social worker’s ethical responsibility
 HIV Services Agency to employers and employing organizations

 Elementary, Intermediate, and High  Commitments to employing

School organizations
o The social worker’s ethical responsibility
 Settlement House to the social work profession
 Rape Crisis Program  Maintaining the integrity of the
profession
 Targeted Programs for Special  Community service
Populations  Development of knowledge
 Pastoral Counseling Center o The social worker’s ethical responsibility
to society
 Senior Citizens Center  Promoting the general welfare

Types of Client

Social Work in Individuals

 Social work with individuals goes into micro
level of the social system
 The approach intented is clinical social work
or direct social work
 Clinical social work is in charge of the
enhancement and maintenance of
psychological functioning of individuals.
 Clinical social work practice is he
professional application of social work
theory and methods to the treatment and
prevention of psychological dysfunction,
disability or impairment, including
emotional and mental disorders.
Social Work in Groups
 It is a method or working with people
groups for skill development, personal
growth, enhancement of social functioning,
the achievement of socially desirable goals,
and the accomplishment of task
 Group work is basedon the knowledge of
people’s need for each other and their
interdefendence
 It is a method of reducing roadblocks to
social interaction and for accomplishing
socially desirable purpose
Social Work with Communities
 Community organizations for social welfare
focuses on the needs of people
 The community is to be understood and
accepted however and whatever it is
 Accepting the interdependence of all
aspects social welfare organization is
fundamental
 All the people of the community represent
the interests and elements concerning
health and welfare services
Settings in the Social Work
 Government – social workers involved in
policy analysis, policy development, and
planning are usually in federal and
provincial departments. Researches found
in universities and governments
 Private sector – social workers in private
practice offer in their services on fee-for-
service basis on individuals, families, and
organizations. Their services include
counseling, psychotherapy, mediation, sex
therapy, policy and program development,
organizational development.
 Civil society – social welfare employed by
child welfare agencies investigate cases of
family violence, child abuse. they may
recruit foster parents and others work on
adoption cases.
 Schools – may school boards hire social
workers to help students adjust to the
school environment. They help students,
parents, and teachers to deal with problems
such as aggressive behaviors, truancy, and
family problems which affects students
performances
 Community – social work as community
developers helping citizens to identify their
needs and proposing ways meeting their
needs.
Processes
 Establishing rapport
 Exploring clients’ problem by eliciting
comprehensive data about the person, the
problem, and environmental factors
 Formulating a multidimensional assessment
of the problem, systems that play a
significant roles in the difficulties and
relevant resources that can be tapped or
must be developed
 Enhancing motivation of clients when
inadequate
 Mutually negotiating goals to be
accomplished in remedying or alleviating
the problem and formulating a contract
Methods of Social Work
 Social case work – a method which helps by
counseling the individual client to effect
better social relationships and a social
adjustment that makes it possible him lead
a satisfying and usual life.
 Social group work – an activity which helps
to participate in the activities of a group for
their intellectual, emotional and physical
growth and for the attainment of desirable
goals of the group.
 Community organization – the process of
planning and developing social services in
order to meet the health and welfare needs
of a community. The process of creating
and maintaining a progressively more
effective adjustment between community
resources and community welfare needs.
 Social action – solving social problems and
furthering social welfare objectives by
social, health, and economic progress.
 Social welfare research – systematic
critically investigation of questions in the
social welfare field with a purpose of
yielding answers to the problems in the
social work and of extending generally
social work concept
 Social welfare administration – a process to
organize and to direct a social agency. The
organization and management of social
agencies public and public
Tools in Social Work
 Clinical forms and inventory
 Feelings and emotions chart
 Ecomaps and genograms
The Discipline of Communication
 Communication studies is an academic field
that deals with processes of human
communication, commonly defined as the
sharing of symbols to create meaning. The
discipline encompasses a range of topics,
from face-to-face conversation to mass
media outlets such as television
broadcasting.
The Basic Elements of Communication
 Sender
 Receiver
 Message
 Channel
 Feedback
Levels of Communication
Intrapersonal Communication
 The individual becomes his/her own sender
and receiver, providing feedback to
him/herself in an on-going interior process
 Day-dreaming, nocturnal dreaming,
lucid dreaming
 Speaking aloud, reading aloud
 Writing
 Making gestures while waiting
 Sense-making
 Eye contact
 Communication between body parts
 Having participants who are interdependent
on one another

 Parenting

 Intimate relationship

 Management

 Selling

 Counseling

 Coaching

 Mentoring , etc…

Group Communication

 Occurs in group that are between 3 to 12

individuals.

Public Communication

 it’s at the heart of economy, society and

politics

Mass Communication

 It is a process in which a person, group of

people, or an organization sends message
through a channel of communication to a
large group of anonymous and
heterogeneous people or organizations.