Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET

Introduction

Engr. Usman Raza

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET

Instructor
Email: usman.raza@giki.edu.pk
Office: F 05
Office Hours:
Wednesday/Thursday 11:00 AM - 12:00 PM

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET

TA
• Section A:
– Engr. Aqsa Khan
– Office G-36 (Graduate Office)

• Section B:
– TBA

• Never hesitate to contact TA or me whenever you have some

problem

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET

Books
• Data Communications and Networking,
5th Edition or Higher by BEHROUZ A. FOROUZAN

• Computer Networks and Internets

by Douglas E. Comer

Any other book will be communicated later.

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET

Class Policies
Projects/Assignments
• Deadlines are always final.

• No credit for late submissions.

• One student per assignment at maximum (can be changed depending

upon difficulty level).

• Two students per project at maximum(can be changed depending

upon difficulty level).

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET

Class Policies
Quizzes
• Announced
• Unannounced

• No Retakes /Reschedules.

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET

Class Policies
Dishonesty, Plagiarism in Quizzes, Assignments &
Projects

• No proxies.
– Any proxy will lead to absence for next three classes.

• Cheating/ Plagiarism
– All parties involved in Plagiarism or any kind of cheating in any exam
will get -50% in that exam.

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET
Class Policies
Tentative Evaluation Breakdown

5
Assignments (6)

15
Quizzes (6)

10
Projects (1)

25
Midterm (1)

45
Final (1)

Total 100

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET

Course Execution
• Three lectures of one hour every week
• One lab of 3 hours every week
• Course contents: http://192.168.1.21

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET

CCNET
• Two major portions of the Course
– Data Communications
– Networks

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET

Data Communication
• Data communications are the exchange of data between two
devices via some form of transmission medium.

• Four Fundamental Characteristics:

– Delivery
– Accuracy
– Timeliness
– Jitter

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET

Data Communication
• A data communications system has five basic components:
1. Message
2. Sender
3. Receiver
4. Transmission Medium
5. Protocol

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET

Complex Data Communication System

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET

Complex Data Communication System

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET

Data Flow in Computer Communication

Communication between two devices can be:
• Simplex:
– Communication is uni-directional.
– Only one of the two devices on a link can transmit; the other can only
receive.

• Half-Duplex:
– Each station can both transmit and receive, but not at the same time
– When one device is sending, the other can only receive, and vice versa.

• Full-Duplex or Duplex:
– Both stations can transmit and receive simultaneously.

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET

Data Flow in Computer Communication

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET

Networks

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET

Networks
• A network is the interconnection of a set of devices capable of
communication.
• A network is a set of devices (Nodes) connected by the
Communication Links.
• Nodes:
– Computers
– Printers
– Other devices that can send and receive data.
– Also known as host
• Links:
– Paths or connections that connects nodes.
– Also known as communication channels.

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET

Network Criteria

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET

Network Criteria
• Performance of the Network:
– Number of Users
– Types of Transmission Medium
– Hardware

• Reliability of the Network:

– Frequency of the Failure
– Time to recover from Failure

• Security of the Network:

– Unauthorized Access
– Viruses

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET

Network Topology
• A network topology can be termed as the way in which a
network is laid out physically.
• Network Topology refers to layout of a network; how different
nodes in a network are connected to each other and how they
communicate.
• There are four basic topologies possible:
– Mesh
– Star
– Bus
– Ring

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET

Network Topology
Mesh
• In a mesh topology, every device has a dedicated point-to-
point link to every other device.
• A fully connected mesh can have n(n-1)/2 physical channels to link n
devices.

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET
Network Topology
Mesh
• Advantages:
1. They use dedicated links so each link can only carry its own data load.
2. It is robust. If any one link get damaged it cannot affect others.
3. It gives privacy and security.(Message travels along a dedicated link)
4. Fault identification and fault isolation are easy.

• Disadvantages:
1. The amount of cabling and the number of I/O ports required are very large. Since
every device is connected to each devices through dedicated links.
2. The sheer bulk of wiring is larger then the available space.
3. Installation and configuration is difficult.

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET

Network Topology
Star
• In a star topology, each device has a dedicated point-to-point link only
to a central controller, usually called a hub.
• There is no direct traffic between devices.
• The transmission are occurred only through the central “hub”.
• When device 1 wants to send data to device 2; First sends the data to
hub. Which then relays the data to the other connected device.

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET
Network Topology
Star
• Advantages:
1. Less expensive then mesh since each device is connected only to the hub.
2. Less cabling is need then mesh.
3. Robustness (if one link fails, only that links is affected. All other links remain
active)
• Disadvantages:
1. Even it requires less cabling then mesh when compared with other topologies it still
large.(Ring or bus).
2. Dependency(whole n/w dependent on one single point(hub). When it goes down.
The whole system is dead.

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET

Network Topology
Bus
• A bus topology is multipoint.
• Here one long cable act as a backbone to link all the devices are
connected to the backbone by drop lines and taps.
• Drop line- is the connection b/w the devices and the cable.
• Tap- is the splitter that cut the main link.
• This allows only one device to transmit at a time.

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET
Network Topology
Bus
• Advantages:
1. Ease of installation
2. Less cabling
• Disadvantages:
1. Signal reflection at top can degradation in quality.
2. If any fault in backbone can stops all transmission.

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET

Ring Topology
• Here each device has a dedicated connection with two
devices on either side.
• The signal is passed in one direction from device to device
until it reaches the destination and each device have
repeater.
• When one device received signals instead of intended
another device, its repeater then regenerates the data and
passes them along.
• To add or delete a device requires changing only two
connections.

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET

Ring Topology

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET

Network Topology
Ring
• Advantages:
1. equal access to resources
2. An extra ring (wire; double ring) can be added to prevent failure.

• Disadvantages:
1. If one workstation or port goes down, the entire network may get affected.
2. Each packet of data must pass through all the computers between source
and destination. This makes it slower than Star topology.
3. If any of the nodes fail then the ring is broken and data cannot be
transmitted successfully.

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET
Network Topology
Hybrid
• Hybrid, as the name suggests, is mixture of two different things.
• We integrate two or more different topologies to form a resultant topology
which has good points(as well as weaknesses) of all the constituent basic
topologies rather than having characteristics of one specific topology.

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET

Network Topology
• Mesh • Star

• Bus
• Ring

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET

Network Types

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET
Network Types
LAN
• A local area network (LAN) is usually privately
owned and connects some hosts in a single office,
building, or campus.

• In earlier days hub was used to create a LAN.

• Nowadays switches are being used to create

LANs.

• Typically, connected devices share the resources

of a single processor or server within a small
geographic area .

• A local area network may serve as few as two or three users or as many as
thousands of users.
Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi
Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET
Network Types
MAN
• A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a network that interconnects users
with computer resources in a geographic area or region larger than that
covered by even a large local area network but smaller than the area
covered by a wide area network (WAN).
• It is also used to mean the interconnection of several local area networks
by bridging them with backbone lines

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET
Network Types
WAN
• A wide area network (WAN) is also an interconnection of devices capable of
communication. However, there are some differences between a LAN and a WAN.
• A LAN is normally limited in size, spanning an office, a building, or a campus; a WAN
has a wider geographical span, spanning a town, a state, a country, or even the
world.
• A WAN is normally created and run by communication companies and leased by an
organization that uses it.

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 1 + 2: Introduction CS 313: CCNET

Reference
• Data Communications and Networking (Chapter 1),
5th Edition or Higher by BEHROUZ A. FOROUZAN

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi