STUD BOLTS, HEXAGON HEAD BOLTS AND NUTS

FOR LIQUID CHLORINE

GEST 88/134

3rd Edition

June 2004

EURO CHLOR PUBLICATION

This document can be obtained from:

EURO CHLOR - Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4, Box 2 - B-1160
BRUSSELS
Telephone: 32-(0)2-676 72 65 - Telefax : 32-(0)2-676 72 41
 GEST 88/134
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Euro Chlor

Euro Chlor is the European federation which represents the producers of

chlorine and its primary derivatives.

Euro Chlor is working to:

 improve awareness and understanding of the contribution that

chlorine chemistry has made to the thousands of products, which
have improved our health, nutrition, standard of living and quality of
life;
 maintain open and timely dialogue with regulators, politicians,
scientists, the media and other interested stakeholders in the debate
on chlorine;
 ensure our industry contributes actively to any public, regulatory or
scientific debate and provides balanced and objective science-based
information to help answer questions about chlorine and its
derivatives;
 promote the best safety, health and environmental practices in the
manufacture, handling and use of chlor-alkali products in order to
assist our members in achieving continuous improvements
(Responsible Care).

***********

This document has been produced by the members of Euro Chlor and should not be
reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written consent of Euro Chlor.

It is intended to give only guidelines and recommendations. The information is provided in

good faith and was based on the best information available at the time of publication. The
information is to be relied upon at the user’s own risk. Euro Chlor and its members make no
guarantee and assume no liability whatsoever for the use and the interpretation of or the
reliance on any of the information provided.

This document was originally prepared in English by our technical experts. For our members’
convenience, it may have been translated into other EU languages by translators / Euro Chlor
members. Although every effort was made to ensure that the translations were accurate, Euro
Chlor shall not be liable for any losses of accuracy or information due to the translation
process.

Prior to 1990, Euro Chlor’s technical activities took place under the name BITC (Bureau
International Technique du Chlore). References to BITC documents may be assumed to be to
Euro Chlor documents.

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RESPONSIBLE CARE IN ACTION

Chlorine is essential in the chemical industry and consequently there is a

need for chlorine to be produced, stored, transported and used. The chlorine
industry has co-operated over many years to ensure the well-being of its
employees, local communities and the wider environment. This document is
one in a series which the European producers, acting through Euro Chlor,
have drawn up to promote continuous improvement in the general standards
of health, safety and the environment associated with chlorine manufacture in
the spirit of Responsible Care.

The voluntary recommendations, techniques and standards presented in

these documents are based on the experiences and best practices adopted
by member companies of Euro Chlor at their date of issue. They can be
taken into account in full or partly, whenever companies decide it individually,
in the operation of existing processes and in the design of new installations.
They are in no way intended as a substitute for the relevant national or
international regulations which should be fully complied with.

It has been assumed in the preparation of these publications that the users
will ensure that the contents are relevant to the application selected and are
correctly applied by appropriately qualified and experienced people for whose
guidance they have been prepared. The contents are based on the most
authoritative information available at the time of writing and on good
engineering, medical or technical practice but it is essential to take account of
appropriate subsequent developments or legislation. As a result, the text may
be modified in the future to incorporate evolution of these and other factors.

This edition of the document has been drawn up by the GEST Working Group
to whom all suggestions concerning possible revision should be addressed
through the offices of Euro Chlor.

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Summary of the Main Modifications in this version

Section Nature
Fusion of two documents GEST 85/125 - Stud Bolts for Liquid Chlorine
and this one
Objective A sentence on the preference for stud bolt was added

TABLE OF CONTENTS

OBJECTIVE 5
1. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS 5
2. MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION 5
3. PROCUREMENT 5
4. MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HEXAGON HEAD AND STUD
BOLTS 6
5. FABRICATION 6
6. MARKING 6
7. MANUFACTURER’S TESTING 7
7.1. HEXAGON HEAD BOLTS 7
7.2. NUTS 7
7.3. STUD BOLTS 7
8. DOCUMENTATION 7

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OBJECTIVE

This document is intended to define the basic elements for stud bolts
(threaded studs with nuts) and hexagon head bolts (with nuts) for
particular use on pipework, storage and transport tank containers
containing liquid chlorine.
It is the responsibility of the manufacturer of the stud and hexagon head
bolts (with nuts) to ensure, according to the controls required, that the
material delivered corresponds to the standards referred to in the present
specification.

Stud bolts are preferred

1. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

 American Standards (completed by section 2 and 5)

ASTM A 320 insofar as the characteristics to be

ASTM A 194 }obtained
EN Norms
EN 898 Part 1 (bolts) part 2 (nuts)
EN 9002

 Or equivalent national standards

2. MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION

 American standards, grade L7or grade L7 M for hexagon head bolts

and stud bolts, and grade 4 for nuts. When grade K7 is used care
should be taken to avoid the possibility of overtightening.

 or equivalent National Standards

3. PROCUREMENT

The materials should be fine grained and homogeneous. From a general point
of view, the material should not have surface defects, internal defects,
deposits of grease or other materials which could prejudice the subsequent
use of the material.

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The mechanical and chemical characteristics of the material should conform

to the reference standards.

Each material batch should be provided with a control certificate by the

supplier.

4. MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HEXAGON

HEAD AND STUD BOLTS

The bolts should be delivered in the heat treated state after the rolling of the
bar to obtain the following mechanical characteristics

Grade L7 M Grade L7
Ultimate tensile More than 69 kg/mm² More than 86 kg/mm²
strength
0,2% proof stress More than 55 kg/mm² More than 72,5 kg/mm²
Impact strength KCV at - 73°C at -101°C

The criteria for the KCV test are:

 Average on 3 test pieces no less than 27 J
 With no test piece having a result less than 20 J
 No more than one test piece with a result less than 27 J

Or equivalent National Standards of same characteristics.

5. FABRICATION

The bolts should be formed by cold rolling bars which have been
dimensionally checked and heat treaded.

The bolts may be produced by hot or cold forging of the heads or

machining from bar stock (material removed by metal cutting).

Cold forged bolts and nuts made from Carbon and Low Alloy Ferritic steels
subsequently have to be stress relieved or heat treated.

6. MARKING

All the stud bolts have to be stamped at one extremity. The marking
should be linked to the certificate of origin provided by the supplier.

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Hexagon head bolts and nuts have to be stamped with the proper symbol
for identification of material grade and preferably with the manufacturers
identification mark.

7. MANUFACTURER’S TESTING

7.1. HEXAGON HEAD BOLTS

Bolts have to be tested in accordance with EN 898 Part 1 Clause 8, or

equivalent other National Standards for the following test programme:

 Tensile test and shear test (EN 898 Clauses 8.1, 8.2)
 Impact test (EN 898 Clause 8.6)
 Head soundness test (EN 898 Clause 8.7).
The number of tests for bolts has to be in accordance with DIN 267 Part 5.

The bolts will be controlled by batches of pieces of same dimensions,

having followed the same fabrication cycle and the same heat treatment.

7.2. NUTS

Nuts have to be tested in accordance with EN 898 Part 2 Clause 8 or

equivalent other National Standard.

The number of tests for nuts has to be in accordance with DIN 267 Part 5.

7.3. STUD BOLTS

Every batch of stud bolts should be inspected as follows:

 Ultimate tensile strength should be measured at ambient temperature

(value according to section 4) on five test pieces (according to DIN 267 or
equivalent)
 For L7 M the hardness to be obtained should be less than 205 HB (and
not on every piece as required by ASTM Standard)
 For all other inspection tests to be carried out, refer to ASTM A320
standard.

If one of the controls is outside of the permitted values, the whole batch
will be rejected.

8. DOCUMENTATION

The manufacturer must provide a Certified Test Report. This certificate should
include, as a minimum, the following information:

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 Reference to the certificate of the original materials

 The basic material used
 The mechanical properties
 Actual Ultimate Tensile Strength
 Elongation, Impact (J)

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Industrial consumers of chlorine, engineering and equipment supply

companies worldwide and chlorine producers outside Europe may establish a
permanent relationship with Euro Chlor by becoming Associate Members or
Technical Correspondents.

Details of membership categories and fees are available from:

Euro Chlor
Avenue E Van Nieuwenhuyse 4
Box 2
B-1160 Brussels
Belgium

Tel: +32 2 676 7211

Fax: +32 2 676 7241
e-mail: eurochlor@cefic.be
Internet: http://www.eurochlor.org

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