Measures of Central Tendency

Upon completion of the lesson

• manuallycompute the measures of central

Learn how to
tendency using ungrouped and grouped data.
Descriptive Statistics • interpret
data using the measures of central
tendency.
Measures of Sampling & Sampling

Central Tendency Distributions

Chapters: 3-1
Elementary Statistics by Alan Bluman

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Measures of Central Tendency Measures of Central Tendency

Averages Averages

Mean •Also known as the arithmetic average. Median •The data point or value literally in the
•The average value that summarizes the middle of the distribution.
(!, ) whole distribution, i.e. the value that is not so (Md)
•The value that divides the distribution
high and not so low, opposite of the extreme
into the higher (top 50%) and lower (bottom
values.
50%) data points.
•The value where most data points tend to
cluster around or are nearest to, according •Dependent on N or n.

to the Central Limit Theorem. •Also, a measure of position.

•Sensitive to changes in the extreme data
points of the distribution.
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Measures of Central Tendency Measures of Central Tendency

Averages
Ungrouped Data Grouped Data

Mode •The data point with the highest frequency Mean (X̅) X = ∑X = x 1 + x2 +!+ xn X=
∑ fX m
=
f1 X m1 + f2 X m2 +!+ fn X mn
(f ), i.e. the most common. n n n n
(Mo) h

•A distribution may have no mode, one Mo = X m → fh

Xj with the highest
Mode
mode (unimodal) or more than one mode (Mo)
frequency (may be multiple ⎛ d1 ⎞
Mo = lcb + i ⎜
(bimodal, tri-modal, multimodal). or none) ⎝ d1 + d2 ⎟⎠
Locate 0.5n in the cf column

n +1 ⎛ 0.5n − cfk−1 ⎞
Median Md = lcbk + i ⎜
Md = X j ; where j = ⎝ fk ⎟⎠
(Md) 2
Md = Q2 = D5 = C50

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