Online Class

Subject : Translation
Topic : Translation Procedure
Lecturer : Sitti Hadijah, S.Pd., M.Pd.
Study Program : English Language
Education Department,
Teacher Training and Education Faculty,
Universitas Islam Riau Translation
Procedure
According to Newmark (1988)
Translation methods relate to the whole text.
Translation procedures relate to sentence and the
smaller units of language, such as clauses, phrases,
and words).
Procedures of Translation
Source Language Emphasis
Target Language Emphasis
Source Language Emphasis
Transference
Direct Translation
Literal Translation
Calque
Foreignization
Source Language Emphasis
Procedure
1. Transference
Transferring source language word to target language
text to present local value of the source text.
Objective :
To get the readers’ interest
To build connection between the readers and the
target text.
 Example:
Source Text
Having important phone numbers
nearby for you and your children.
Numbers to have are the police,
hotlines, friends and the local
shelter.
Target Text
Milikilah nomor telepon penting
untuk Anda dan anak-anak Anda.
Nomor yang harus dimiliki adalah
nomor polisi, hotline, teman
dan tempat perlindungan lokal.

To keep the local value of the source text.

To avoid miss understanding.
2. Direct Translation

Transferring the words from source text into the target text.
Generally applied in translating brands, names of company or
institution, or particularly applied in translating acronym.
Example:

Source Text Target Text

NASA is going to send and NASA akan mengirim seekor
ape to Mars. monyet ke Mars.
Source Text Target Text

Samsung appears as the most

favorable smart-phone among the
Samsung tampil sebagai
smart-phone yang populer
society.
dikalangan masyarakat.
3. Literal Translation

Transferring word for word in the source text to the target text,
without considering the meaning of the word.
It happens when translator failed to get the meaning of the
expressions in the source text.
Example:
Source Text Target Text
Seekor hiu sedang berenang
A shark is swimming through a
melewati sekolah ikan.
school of fish.
4. Calque = Loan Translation

Word of phrase borrowed from another language by literal or

word for word translation. The term calque is borrowed from
French and it derives from the verb calquer which means to copy,
to trace. More specifically, we use the verb to calque when
speaking about borrowing a word or phrase from another
language while translating its components so as to create a new
lexeme in the target language.

Calque is categorized into two:

1. Lexical Calque
2. Structural Calque
 Example:
Lexical Calque --- Target text structure

Source Text Target Text

The Software is still new Perangkat Lunak ini masih baru

Structural Calque ---- Source text structure

Source Text Target Text

Can you show me where Holand Bisakah Mbak menunjukkan ke
Bank is? saya dimana Holland Bank?
5. Foreignization
Intentionally use word or phrase in the source text to the target
text.
Example :

Source Text Target Text

My hobby is travelling. Hobi saya

travelling.
Have you received the
previous sale fee? Sudah dapat fee penjualan
yang lalu?
He is very loyal person!
Dia itu loyal ya!
Target Language Emphasis
Naturalization
Translation by a more general word
Contextual conditioning
Translation by Cultural Substitution
Modulation
Recognized Translation
Cultural Equivalence
Pharafres
Transposition