Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PUBLIC RELATIONS
INTRODUCTION:
Public relation is an essential and integrated component of public policy or service. The
professional public relation activity will ensure the benefit to the citizens, for whom the policies or
services are meant for. An effective public relations can create and build up the image of an individual or
an organization or a nation. At the time of adverse publicity or when the organization is under crisis an
effective public relations can remove the "misunderstanding" and can create mutual understanding
between the organization and the public.
OBJECTIVES:
On completion of the seminar the participant will be able to:
Explain public relation concept and its importance.
Explain the importance of organizational image.
Develop public relation programmes in the hospital.
Explain about the methods of maintaining public relation in the community.
Tell about the public relation in an educational institution.
Understand the role of dean in public relation.
TERMINOLOGIES:
(1) Fortitude: Happening by chance.
(2) Composite: Made up of different part or material.
(3) Humility: Quality of being humble
(4) Persuasive: Able to give good reason for doing something.
―Public relation in Government is the composit of all the primary and secondary
contacts between the bureaucracy and citizens and all the interactions of influences and attitudes
established in these contracts‖. - J.L MeCamy,
―Public relation means the development of cordial, equitable and therefore mutually
profitable relations between a business industry organization and the public it serves‖. - W.T. Parry‘
―Public relations are the process whereby an organization analyses the needs and desires of all
interested parties in order to conduct itself more responsively towards them‖. - Rex Harlow,
NEED OF PUBLIC RELATION:
Not many years ago, management decisions took no consideration of public attitudes but today
management cannot ignore the views of employees, and the community in making – policy decisions. It
has been estimated that eighty per cent of the problems confronting management have public relations
implications. Management has to foresee the impact of policy decisions on the opinion of the public.
There is normally four distinct reasons for ever increasing necessity of public relations:
(1) Increased governmental activities.
(2) Population explosion creating communication problems.
(3) Increased educational standards resulting in rise in expectations.
(4) Progress in communication
techniques. Well-executed public relations
will
Increase visibility for the hospital, employees, programs and services.
Position the hospital as a health care leader and authority within the community or
region.
Expand awareness of the hospital‘s entire range of programs and services.
Enhance the hospital‘s image.
Aid in recruitment and retention of employees.
Support efforts to raise funds for new programs and services or assist with the passage
of levies and bonds.
Act as a foundation when negative news about the hospital occurs.
Boost employee morale.
Functions of public relation:
Public Relation is establishing the relationship among the two groups
(organization and public).
Art or Science of developing reciprocal understanding and goodwill.
It analyses the public perception & attitude, identifies the organization policy
with public interest and then executes the programmes for communication with
the public.
Community relations:
It is the function of actively planning and participating with and within a community for the benefit
of the community and the hospital. Tactics within this category include community events, volunteer
activities and co-sponsorship opportunities with other community organizations. Community relations
may also include fundraising and development activities.
Government relations:
It is a function of relating to government officials and agencies about issues that impact the hospital
and its audiences. Hill climb events in Olympia, letter writing campaigns, and op-ed placements in the
newspaper are often part of government relations.
Media relations:
It is often considered synonymous with public relations, is the function of working with the media
to communicate news. Media relations can be active – seeking positive publicity for a newsworthy topic at
the hospital – or reactive – responding to a news inquiry about a positive or negative story of interest to
the media and its readers or viewers.
Goals:
Public relations goals help direct the strategies and tactics in future public relations endeavors. The
goals should clearly support hospital mission statement. While a mission statement may include what the
hospital wants to accomplish, a public relations goal should be focused on what you want the public to
think and know about the hospital
Examples:
Target Audiences:
Detail the groups of people that are important to inform or influence, and why.
Examples:
Patients: They purchase health care services and generate revenue for the hospital.
Physicians: They use hospital facilities and generate revenue for the hospital. They control where
patients go for care in the hospital or outside of the community.
Media: They write both positive and negative stories about the hospital, its staff and services.
They have considerable influence and access to all of the hospital‘s target audiences.
Other audiences to consider may include employees, board members, community leaders, local
government officials, state legislators, vendors and suppliers.
Tactics:
It‘s easy for busy hospital professionals to think about tactics first, but it is critical to have a solid
strategy in place. Only pursue the tactics that will help achieve the goals. Here are some ―best uses‖ for
specific tactics.
Brochure/Collateral – To inform patients and community members about programs and services
provided at the hospital for promotional use only. It may be provided to media for background,
but not to be used instead of effective media tools, such as press releases or fact sheets.
Direct mail – To help create awareness for programs or services with target audiences. Message
is controlled.
Letters – Good for personal or business communication. Adjustable length (1-2 pages).
Postcards – Good for event invitations or welcome cards. Inexpensive postage.
Direct mail packages – Good for inclusion in new neighbor welcome packages or community
coupon envelopes. Consider including brochures or inserts. Costs are typically part of an
advertising or sponsorship package. Production of materials likely not included.
Specialty mailings – Good for awareness efforts, such as a child safety campaign sponsored by
the hospital. Mailing may include a magnet with safety tips and local emergency contact
information.
Distribution Methods:
How you distribute materials is often as important as what the organization send. It is a good idea
to know which methods the target audiences, especially reporters, prefer.
Mail – Good to use when timing is less sensitive (one to three days). Good for newsletter
mailings, new neighbor welcome packets, media kits, and other materials that are difficult to fax
or e-mail. Mail can also be certified to verify receipt or insured to avoid loss.
Fax – Good for timely communication (faster than mail). Good for press releases, event
reminders, and some forms of newsletters (such as weekly news notices). Less effective for
documents with images or graphics.
E-mail – Good for timely and direct communication with an individual. Good for press releases,
media reminders, media personnel questions, and pitch letters. Access to e-mail and electronic
document size can be limitations.
Face-to-face meetings – Best way to make a personal connection. It allows for detailed
explanation of a point-of view or complicated subject. Best way to demonstrate excitement,
concern, tolerance, empathy, etc.
Phone conference call – Allows for personal contact when face-to-face is not possible. Good for
back-and-forth communication. Inexpensive method for communicating with large groups in
different locations (cities/states).
Web site – Web pages allow interested parties to pull information thereby facilitating
distribution. Directing people to a web site may be done through mailings, publicity or other
notices.
Newsletter – To regularly update a variety of target audiences about the happenings at the
hospital. Good way to establish and maintain community support for the hospital and services.
Public service announcement (PSA) – To create awareness of a problem or issue through radio or
television.
Press release – To distribute straightforward news to the media.
Press kit – To provide extensive information about a topic. It may precede an event or new
program launch.
Press conference – To disseminate time sensitive and critical news to multiple media contacts at
once. It should be rarely used.
Special event – To make a personal connection with target audiences in a positive environment.
It is good way to recognize people for good work or launch new programs of facilities.
Speaking engagement – To reach a target audience, establish the speaker as an expert and build
credibility for the speaker and the hospital.
Video – To communicate messages with emotion through visuals. It is good for town meetings,
new employee education, fundraising projects, special events, etc.
Web site – To provide 24-hour access to information about the hospital. It may include health
information or links to health information depending on site design. It is good for general
information about the hospital, its services and staff.
Budgets:
Public relations budgets may come in a variety of ways. It may be pre-determined and passed down
from the overall hospital budget. It may include general guidelines but is open to the tactics decided upon.
It may be non-existent, in which case the tactics will need to rely on investments in staff time, instead of
materials. All of these factors will determine where budgeting fits into the overall public relations
planning. Regardless of where budgeting fits into the plan, consider the following:
Nothing is free Consider all of the direct and indirect costs. Even a press release, one of the
least expensive tactics, has a price tag, the time spent writing and editing the release, the paper it is
printed on and the postage it‘s mailed with at a minimum.
Don’t underestimate time investments-------- Every public relations activity has time investments
and opportunity costs and don‘t just consider the time investments for the PR staff. Administrative
oversight and involvement, interview source preparation and even volunteer efforts all play into
the opportunity costs of public relations. When planning and prioritizing projects, consider all
necessary staff time and what else they would be doing with their time if not promoting the
hospital.
Shop around---------When producing brochures or printed materials; be sure to get more than one
estimate. Printing shops with more capacity at certain times may discount their rates.
Evaluate options--------- Another way to save money when producing materials is to consider
design options. For example, two-color brochures are far less expensive than their four color
counterparts. Specialty work, such as die-cuts for holding business cards or layered stair-steps for
handouts, are nice features, but may carry a hefty price tag. Designers and printers can be allies in
determining options. Just be sure to have your budget in mind.
Be prepared for the unexpected opportunities--------Reserve 10 to 15 percent of the overall public
relations budget for unexpected activities. There may be some great opportunities to do events,
community outreach activities or other projects that you didn‘t anticipate.
General:
High quality patient care by the hospital is the theme of any public relation programme. No amount
of smile, cheers and propaganda will compensate for bad administration and poor professional care in the
hospital.
Physical facilities:
Well planned hospital with sufficient waiting area for the patient and its relation in the hospital,
optimum floor space for each department of t e hospital, logical layout of the department and work areas,
provision of adequate facilities like toilets, public utility services like canteen, drinking water facility and
so on go a long way in improving the image of the hospital.
Staff:
In a hospital the staff consists of variety individuals drawn from different status of the society with
different levels of education and background. Imbibing a team spirit in all these groups of people for the
patient care will lead to a general satisfaction foe the patients in the hospital.
Importance of Color:
Color affects many of our moods and emotions. Proper choice of color can transform depressing and
monotonous atmosphere into pleasing and exciting one. It stimulates employee‘s productivity. Hospital is
one area where color can be used with measured success not only in appearance but for the psychological
uplifting which it brings to patients.
Operating facility:
The operating efficiency in an organization like, hospital is the outcome of its soundness of
objectives, policies, procedures, programmes and standing orders. The clear cut policy and procedure in
writing and their periodic promulgation to the staff specially, clear order regarding organizational
structure, defining their duties, authorities and accountability of the staff.
Waiting time:
The waiting time in the OPD is invariably the sore point of public grievances. Introduction of
appointment system, staggering of OPD timings for the registration, punctual attendance by doctors are
some of the remedies which can be introduced to reduce waiting time and have successfully been
implemented in many hospitals.
Delay in Admission:
Anxiety and distress is the result of delays in admission due to long waiting list. In allotting priorities
for admission, hospitals consider the physical state of the patients but forget the social background and as
a result, social emergencies have to wait. Adequate facilities in efficient use of present resources can
resolve this problem to some extent.
Ward Reception:
Patients are generally vulnerable to anxiety and fear on arrival in the ward. The reception they get
tends to leave a deep impression. Prompt reception improves the morale of the patients.
Privacy:
It is normally observed that majority of the patients are dissatisfied with the type of privacy provided
in the ward. Provision of screens around each bed would afford greater privacy. To have the privacy and
at the same time provide the advantage of companionship of other patients in the ward would go a long
way in creating a feeling of warmth and understanding.
Food:
Good food, well prepared and attractively served to patients, makes a very favorable impression.
Presence of dietician or a nurse at the time of service creates good impact on the patients.
Cleanliness:
Cleanliness is much a desired thing in a hospital. It not only enhances the image of the hospital but also
helps in controlling hospital infection. Frequent cleaning and liberal use of detergents and deodorants
eliminates the stink which is most dissatisfying.
Information about Illness:
The most important thing to a patient is to know as to what is wrong with him and how long will it
take to recover. Information in this respect will always be associated with fear, anxiety and thus, will help
in building patients confidence. A doctor or a nurse should be available in the ward during visiting hours
to furnish information regarding illness of the patients to their relatives.
Visitors:
Relatives and friends come rushing to the hospital the moment they learn about the illness of their
near and dear one. This is to show their loyalty, affection and strength of ties. It also satisfies emotional
needs of the patient. The relatives etc. are allowed to visit their patients for a short while. The visiting hour
policy should be more liberal for the visitors to the serious patients and relatives coming from distant
places. Too rigid visiting policy makes the public critical of the hospital.
Operative methods:
These methods are essentially connected with every aspect of community operation including
those are carried out by such workmen as health personnel, office personnel, enquiry, media personnel etc.
The fundamental ingredients of community operation are:
i. Cheerful and courteous behavior.
ii. Prompt and efficient treatment.
iii. Clear surroundings and well appearance of the workers.
Some operations of improving operation of primary health care in the community level are:
i. A high quality patient care is the key of good public relation
ii. Adequate physical facility with good functional layout. Waiting room with benches or
chairs, water, refreshment facility in the outpatient department.
iii. To make others happy one must be happy himself. Good morale of workers not only
increases efficiency, but workers with high morale interact in a positive manner with
one another and also with the patients in the community.
iv. Operating efficiency with effective coordination among all clinical departments and
other supportive services stem from good administration, organization structure,
policies, procedures and authority and accountability should be clearly understood
by each staff.
Communicative methods:
These methods employ means of communication in all possible forms to enable the primary
health centre to convey its message to the public. Some of these are also intermixed in a way with intra-
mutual functions of the hospital or health centers and the operative methods may be used in the following
ways:
a. Making the available appropriate information to the patients, their relatives and visitors.
b. A provision to listen to verbal complains instead of insisting on written one.
c. Prompt reply to questions.
d. Provision of suggestion box at appropriate place.
e. Visual communication, film shows, exhibitions and hospital Boucher are to be displayed.
f. Hospital tours can be conducted by the school teachers, students, housewives and
members of women‘s organization and religious leaders.
g. Holding an annual hospital day or open day house where public can be shown every
aspect of the hospital operation including some of the highly technical functions.
h. Using mass media would be helpful to improve public relation.
PUBLIC IMAGE:
An idea or mental picture about the organization by the public.
Advertising:
The main forms of advertising are------
Brochures or flyers
Direct mail
E-mail messages
Magazines
Newsletters
Newspaper(major)
Online discussion and chat groups
Posters and bulletin boards
Radio and television announcements
Publicity:
Publicity is the spreading of information to gain public awareness for a product, person, service,
cause or organization, and can be seen as a result of effective PR planning.
Propaganda:
Propaganda is a form of communication that is aimed at influencing the attitude of a
community toward some cause or position. Propaganda, in its most basic sense, presents information
primarily to influence an audience and change in their attitude.
Public diplomacy:
Public diplomacy, broadly speaking, is the communication with foreign publics to establish a
dialogue designed to inform and influence. It is practiced through a variety of instruments and methods
ranging from personal contact and media interviews to the Internet and educational exchanges.
Campaign:
Effective public relations require a knowledge, based on analysis and understanding, of all the
factors that influence public attitudes toward the organization. While a specific public relations project
or campaign may be undertaken proactively or reactively to manage some sort of image crisis.
Promotion:
Commercialization of publicity.
Annual reports:
They are ripe with information if they include an overview of your year's activities,
accomplishments, challenges and financial status.
ROLE OF DEAN:
Deans are expected to support and promote the highest quality educational programs, research,
public service, and economic development activities of their respective colleges and schools. Each dean
must be an effective advocate for his/her college, both within the University and externally. Deans have
ultimate accountability for their colleges‘ sound management of resources: fiscal, facilities, and human.
They are responsible for collegiate planning, including alignment of plans for educational, research, and
other activities in their colleges. The Deans have direct responsibility for:
Faculty:
The academic dean is responsible for the hiring of most department chairs and faculty selection. She often
acts as a bridge between the academic and bureaucratic sides of education. Often the dean will delegate
responsibility to trusted department heads but still oversee all the activity within each department.
Finance:
The academic dean may also be responsible for fund-raising and financial decisions made in
regard to the school. Because of the complexities of the financial responsibilities of the dean, the job
strongly resembles that of the chief executive officer of a mid-sized business or enterprise.
The academic dean is responsible for overseeing course scheduling and the introduction of new
courses into the curriculum of the school. She also plays an integral role in maintaining good relationship
with alumni and the general public and garnering financial support for the institution. An academic dean
must have excellent social skills, as he is called upon to interact with the public as a representative of the
college or university.
The academic dean may also be responsible for much of the decision making in regards to
campus upkeep and the regular care of campus grounds. He delegates the responsibility for care and
upkeep of the grounds, but makes the financial decisions regarding upkeep and general funding allotted to
the physical appeal of the university or college.
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Faculty Communication:
Because all faculty report directly to the academic dean, she is often looked to
for problem- solving and conflict resolution. For this reason he must have an active
interest in and knowledge of the academic side of this jurisdiction, as well as a basic
understanding of all areas of education. She must likewise be persuasive, an effectual
listener, and collaborative. The authority of the academic dean is consistently being
challenged, and thus she must possess humility, patience, and fortitude.
Fee Accounts:
Maintain healthy public relations with parents in the interest of the organization.
Keep in touch with parents of students already studying in your zone.
Make efforts to identify merit students at the earliest and extend academic
support to them.
Take a feedback from students on the performance of the staff attached to
the campuses in your zone.
Ask parents of exceptional students for feedback on the performance of
respective campuses in academic and administrative areas.
Communicate any significant information about campus performance to
management and staff for improvement.
Sick room:
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Keep in touch with the Campus Doctor in order to take precautionary
measures against common ailments.
Ascertain that the parents of students who are sick are informed about the
health status of their wards.
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