Geotech Report (PUP's) 07-05-16

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION 2
1.1 Project Background 2
1.2 Project Location 2
1.3 Objectives 3
2.0 PLANNING OF GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION PROGRAMME 3
2.1 Scope of Work 3
2.2 Conducting Standard Penetration Test During Boring Operation 4
2.3 Collecting Disturbed/Undisturbed Soil Samples From The Boreholes 4
2.4 Summary of Proposed Laboratory Testing Programme 4
3.0 GEOLOGICAL INFORMATION OF THE REGION 5
3.1 Location 5
3.2 Climate 5
3.3 General Geology 5
3.4 Seismicity 6
4.0 METHODOLOGY OF INVESTIGATION 6
4.1 Boreholes 6
4.2 Standard Penetration Test (SPT) 6
4.3 Disturbed Samples in Boreholes 7
4.4 Undisturbed Samples in Boreholes 7
4.5 Laboratory Testing 7
5.0 FOUNDATION ENGINEERING ANALYSIS 7
5.1 Open Foundation Basis of Approach 7
6.0 LIQUEFACTION SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT 8
6.1 General 8
6.2 Seismic Parameters considered for Analysis 11
7.0 CONCLUSION 11
8.0 LIST OF ANNEXURE ENCLOSED 12
8.1 Annexure-I - Engineering Bore Logs
8.2 Annexure II - Test Results For Soil Samples
8.3 Annexure III - Abstract of SBC
8.4 Annexure IV - Typical Calculation of Safe Bearing Capacity
8.5 Annexure-V- Typical Calculation of liquefaction susceptibility assessment
8.6 Annexure VI - Photographs
8.7 Annexure VII- Location Plan
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Background
The PWD (B&R) Department of Punjab State Government represented by the Secretary
PWD (B&R) Government of Punjab for the Ministry of Shipping Road Transport and
Highways (MoRTH), Government of India, is entrusted with the Development to four-
lanes with paved side shoulders of Lambra – Shahkot section of NH-71 [New NH No. 52]
from existing km 12.000 to 44.600 including construction of Nakodar and Shahkot
bypasses in the State of Punjab on EPC mode under NHDP-IV.
1.2 Project Location

The proposed bypasses under study are a section of NH-71 in the state of Punjab. The
project corridor has two bypasses, Nakodar Bypass and the other one Shahkot Bypass
Starts from Km 12.000 and ends at Km 44.600. The total length of two bypasses is 32.6
Kms. The details of By-passes showing their starting points and end points are shown in
Table 1 :
Table:1 Start and End Chainage of Nakodar and Shahkot Bypass
Existing Design Tentative Span Details of New

S.No. Name of the Bridge
Ch. Ch. Arrangement Construction
1 New /Existing Major Bridge on Main C/W

New Four Lane
1.1 Bhangi Chowk 16.200 16.13 5x21.450
Bridge
2 Road Over-Bridges (Railways)
2.1 Shahkot Village 38.800 38.66 1x19.50+1x50+1x19.5 -
2.2 Approach of ROB
3 VUPs
Start of Nakodar
3.1 21.500 21.75 1x20 2x2 Lane
Bypass
3.2 Approach of VUP
MDR Crossing
3.3 - 25.045 1x20 2x2 Lane
(Kapoorthla)
3.4 Approach of VUP
3.5 End of Nakodar Bypass 26.900 26.500 1x20 2x2 Lane
3.6 Approach of VUP
3.7 Start of Shahkot Bypass 39.900 39.650 1x20 2x2 Lane
3.8 Approach of VUP
3.9 End of Shahkot Bypass 44.000 44.200 1x20 2x2 Lane
3.10 Approach of VUP
4 PUPs
At Gahiran
4.1 - 18.100 1x7 2x2 Lane
Realingment
4.2 Malsian Realingment - 35.382 1x7 2x2 Lane
4.3 Shahkot Bypass - 41.168 1x7 2x2 Lane
1.3 Objectives
Landmark Material Testing And Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Jaipur has been appointed by
M/s Specialized Engineering Services Pvt. Ltd. carry out the Geotechnical investigation work
and submission of all the geotechnical data and recommendations necessary for the design of
the structures vide their work order, Dt .19.01.2016.
2.0 PLANNING OF GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION PROGRAMME

Based on nature of the project, borings under the structures were planned to:
(i) Obtain soil samples, both representative and undisturbed (wherever possible)/disturbed
for classification tests and other laboratory tests for determining engineering properties;
(ii) Conduct Standard Penetration test in the boreholes;
(iii) Conducting Laboratory tests and analyzing the test results to determine the bearing
capacity at each location.
2.1 Scope of Works

The summary of the boring are shown in Table-2
Table-2 Summary of boreholes location

Total
Existing Design BH Depth
S.No. Name of the Bridge No of No Of BH
Ch. Ch. (m)
BH
1 New /Existing Major Bridge on Main C/W
BH-01,BH-02,BH-03,
1.1 Bhangi Chowk 16.200 16.13 6 30
BH-04,BH-05,BH-06
2 Road Over-Bridges (Railways)
2.1 Shahkot Village 38.800 38.66 2 BH-09,BH-10 35
2 BH-08,BH-11 15
2.2 Approach of ROB 2 BH-07,BH-12 20
3 VUPs
Start of Nakodar
3.1 21.500 21.75 1 BH-14 30
Bypass
3.2 Approach of VUP 2 BH-13,BH-15 20
MDR Crossing
3.3 - 25.045 1 BH-17 30
(Kapoorthla)
End of Nakodar
3.5 26.900 26.500 1 BH-20 30
Bypass
Start of Shahkot
3.7 39.900 39.650 1 BH-23 30
Bypass
End of Shahkot
3.9 44.000 44.200 1 BH-26 30
Bypass
4 PUPs
At Gahiran
4.1 - 18.100 1 BH-28 15
Realingment
Malsian
4.2 - 35.382 1 BH-29 15
Realingment
4.3 Shahkot Bypass - 41.168 1 BH-30 15
2.2.Conducting Standard Penetration Tests during boring operation.
2.3 Collecting disturbed / undisturbed soil samples from the borehole.
2.4 Summary of proposed Laboratory Testing program is given in table -3
Table: 3 Summary of Laboratory Testing Program

Disturbed Undisturbed
S.N.
Particulars of Properties Relevant IS Code Soil Sample Soil Samples
from SPT
1. Particle Size Distribution IS: 2720 (Part IV ) √ √
Bulk / Dry Density / Natural Moisture
2. IS: 2720 (Part II) √
Content
√ √
3. Specific Gravity IS: 2720 (Part III)
Liquid Limit / Plastic Limit / Plasticity
4. IS: 2720 (Part V) √ √
Index
Direct Shear Test (for non cohesive soils /
5. IS: 2720 (Part XIII) √
mixed soils)
6. Tri-axial Test (For cohesive soils) IS: 2720 (Part XI)
√
3.0 GEOLOGICAL INFORMATION OF THE REGION
3.1 Location
The proposed bypasses under study are a section of NH71 in the state of Punjab. The project
corridor has two bypasses, Nakodar Bypass and the other one Shahkot Bypass Starts from Km
12.000 and ends at Km 44.600.
3.2 Climate
Project stretch is located in the Jalandhar district. The climate of this district is on the whole
dry except during the brief south-west monsoon season. The year may be divided into four
seasons. The cold season is from the middle of November to early part of March. The
succeeding period upto the end of June is the summer season, July, August and first half of
September constitute the 7 South-West monsoon season. The period from middle September to
the middle of November is the post monsoon or transition period.
3.3 General geology
The geological setup around Jalandhar Urban Agglomeration forms the rolling topography of
the IndoGangetic plains. These deposits range from Middle Pleistocene to Upper Pleistocene
and Holocene. The oldest deposits are the older alluvium comprising coarse to fine reddish
brown sand silt and clay with kankar. The overlying Newer Alluviums are characterized by
fine sand and silt. The younger Aeolian sediments occur as ridges and mounds and these are
yellowish brown to grayish brown fine sands. The overall variation of predominant frequency
of sites within Jalandhar Urban Agglomeration ranges from 0.34 to 4.74 Hz.
Legend
Recent- Quaternary
Tertiary
Paleocene- Cretaceous
Mesozoic
Gondwana
Early Palaeozoic
Late Proterozoic
Early Proterozoic
Archaean
3.4 Seismicity
The area under study and its surroundings are seismically active (Mostly in Seismic Zone –
IV) and the tectonic elements of the area are considered capable of generating an
earthquake of moderate intensity. In seismic design Zone factor, Z of 0.24 is recommended.
4.0 METHODOLOGY OF INVESTIGATION
The investigation was planned to obtain the subsurface stratification in the proposed
project site and collect soil samples for laboratory testing to determine the engineering
properties such as shear strength, along with basic engineering classification of the
subsurface stratum to arrive at the foundation design parameters.
4.1 Boreholes
For Geotechnical investigation work, boring rig was installed at the specified borehole
location. Stability of rig was ensured by making level ground. The boreholes were
progressed using a mechanical shell and auger, where caving of the borehole occurred, 150
mm diameter casing was used to keep the borehole stable as per IS specifications.
The depth of bore holes are 15m depth depending upon the type of structures.
4.2 Standard Penetration Tests (SPT)

Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) was conducted as per IS specifications. SPT split spoon
sampler of standard dimensions was driven into the soil from the borehole bottom using
63.5 kg Hammer falling from 75 cm height. The SPT weight was mechanically lifted to the
specified height and allowed to fall freely on the anvil with the use of cat-head winch with
one to one and half turn of the drum. Blow counts for the penetration of every 15 cm were
recorded and the N is reported as the blow counts for 30 cm penetration of the sampler
leaving the first 15 cm penetration as seating drive.
When the number of blows exceeded 50 to penetrate the first or second 15 cms length of the
sampler, the SPT N is regarded as more than 100 as described in IS 2131 -1981. The test is
terminated in such case and a record of penetration of the sampler under 50 blows or more
is made. SPT refusal is recorded when there is no penetration of the sampler at any stage
and also when a rebound of the sounding system is recorded.
SPT ‘N’ values are correlated with relative density of non-cohesive stratum and with
consistency of cohesive stratum.
CORRELATION FOR CORRELATION FOR SAND/NON-
CLAY/PLASTIC SILT PLASTIC SILT
Consistency Penetration Value Relative Density Penetration Value
Very Soft 0 to 2 Blows Very loose 0 to 4 Blows
Soft 3 to 4 Blows Loose 5 to 10 Blows
Medium Stiff 5 to 8 Blows Medium 11 to 30 Blows
Stiff 9 to 16 Blows Dense 31 to 50 Blows
Very Stiff 17 to 32 Blows Very Dense Above 50
Hard Above 32
4.3 Disturbed Sampling in boreholes

Disturbed soil collected in the SPT sampler was preserved in polythene covers and
transported to the laboratory. One more polythene cover was provided to prevent the loss
of moisture during the transit period.
4.4 Undisturbed Sampling in Boreholes
Undisturbed samples were collected using thin walled MS tubes provided with sampler
head with ball check arrangement. Undisturbed samples were not proved to be truly
undisturbed in case of Non-plastic sandy soils or hard clay soil.
4.5 Laboratory testing

The laboratory testing was done on collected material as per relevant IS codes mentioned
earlier in clause 2.4. The laboratory-testing program consisted of testing the soil index and
strength properties. The index tests were performed to determine the soil moisture content,
unit weight, specific gravity, gradation characteristics (gravel, sand and fines content – the
silt & clay fractions) and consistency limit. The strength tests were performed to determine
the shear parameters (cohesion, friction angle) of soil.
5.0 FOUNDATION ENGINEERING ANALYSIS
5.1 OPEN FOUNDATIONS - BASIS OF APPROACH

Based on sub-soil profile noticed, open foundations have been considered for various
structures. IS-6403 approach has been adopted idealizing the stratum as granular soil.
A. Net SBC calculations by General Shear Failure Approach

Net Safe bearing Capacity (SBC) is calculated by using procedure described in IS: 6403-2002.
Ultimate Net bearing capacity is given by,
Qu = c Nc sc dc ic +  D (Nq -1) sq dq iq + 0.5  B N s d i w’
Where,
Qu = Ultimate net bearing capacity

c = Cohesion of stratum-Ignored
 = Bulk Density
D = Embedment depth of footing = Minimum 1.5m
B = Width of footing considered as 4m
Nc, Nq and N= Bearing capacity factors
sc, sq and s = Shape factors, dc, dq and d = Depth factors
ic, iq and i = Inclination factors,
w’ = Water table correction
 = Angle of internal friction
General shear failure condition to occur and assumed water table at the base of footing
B. SETTLEMENT CRITERIA (IS-8009 (Part-I) Approach)

The magnitude of settlement, when foundation loads are applied, depends upon the
compressibility of the underlying strata and rigidity of the substructure. The safe bearing
pressure is evaluated for Total settlement 75 mm for raft footing as per table 1 of IS : 1904.
From IS: 8009, for cohesionless soil, settlement for 10 t/m2 for various foundation widths
varying from 1m to 6m is available depending on design SPT ‘N’ values. Safe bearing pressure
is computed by adopting design ‘N’ value at refusal strata as per IS-8009 (part-I) approach.
6.0 LIQUEFACTION SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT
6.1 General
Liquefaction is defined as the transformation of a granular material from a solid to a liquefied
state as a consequence of increased pore-water pressure and reduced effective stress.
Liquefaction is the sudden loss of shear strength of the loose fine-grained sands due to
earthquake-induced vibration under saturated conditions. Increased pore pressure may be
induced by the tendency of granular materials to compact when subjected to cyclic shear
deformation, such as in the event of an earthquake.
Depending on the degree of susceptibility to liquefaction, of the subsoil at the site, in the event
of an earthquake, the structure may either not be affected as no liquefaction occurs, or may
undergo large settlements due to partial liquefaction, or else there may be a complete loss of
the shear strength of the soil leading to a collapse of the super structure.
The degree of susceptibility to liquefaction of the subsoil depends on:
1. Type and gradation of the subsoil

2. Relative stiffness of the subsoil
3. Depth of the ground water table; and
4. Maximum probable intensity of the earthquake in the area.
Assessment of liquefaction potential of foundation strata is made as per IITK-RDSO

Guidelines for Seismic Design based on simplified approach proposed by Seed & Idriss (1983
– 1985) from the SPT data and peak ground acceleration likely to occur at the site. In this
method, cyclic shear stress likely to be induced in the foundation strata is first evaluated. Next
threshold cyclic shear stress, which is good enough to cause liquefaction, is determined from
SPT data and the empirical relations.
Cohesionless Soils
Due to the difficulties in obtaining and laboratory testing of undisturbed representative

samples from most potentially liquefiable sites, in-situ testing is often relied upon for assessing
the liquefaction potential of cohesionless soils. Liquefaction potential assessment procedures
involving the SPT is widely used in practice. The most common procedure used in engineering
practice for the assessment of liquefaction potential of sands and silts is the Simplified
Procedure1. The procedure is used with SPT blow count, measured within the deposit as
discussed below:
Step 1:
The subsurface data used to assess liquefaction susceptibility should include
c the location of the
water table, SPT blow count (N), unit weight, and fines content of the soil (percent by weight
passing the IS Standard Sieve No. 75 ).
Step 2:
liquefiable layers within the deposit.
Step 3: d
The following equation can be used to evaluate the stress reduction factor rd :
rd = Stress reduction factor
= 1.0 – 0.00765 * z if z < 9.15 m
= 1.174 – 0.0267 * z if z = 9.15 m to 23 m
where z is the depth below the ground surface in meters.
Step 4:
Calculate the critical stress ratio induced by the design earthquake, CSR, as;
CSR = 0.65 * (amax / g ) rd (σv / σv’ )

where σv and σv’ are the total and effective vertical stresses, respectively, at depth z,
amax is the peak horizontal ground acceleration (PHGA), and g is the acceleration due to
gravity. In the absence of site-specific estimates of amax , the PHGA may be estimated by
amax / g = ZIS / g , where Z is the zone factor obtained from Table-3 as described
earlier, I is the importance factor as per Table-4 and Sa/ g is spectral acceleration
coefficient obtained from Clause 9.1. For estimating the vertical total and effective
stresses, the water table should be assumed at the highest piezometric elevation likely to
be encountered during the operational life of the dam or the embankment except where
there is a free standing water column. For assessing liquefaction potential of soil layers
underneath free standing water column, the height of free standing water should be
neglected and water table should be assumed at the soil surface.
Step 5:
Evaluate the standardized SPT blow count ( N60 ) which is the standard penetration test blow
count for a hammer with an efficiency of 60 percent. Specifications of the “standardized”
equipment corresponding to an efficiency of 60 percent are given in Table G-1 in the absence of
test-specific energy measurement. The standardized SPT blow count is obtained from the
equation:
N60 = N.C60
where C60 is the product of various correction factors. Correction factors recommended
by various investigators for some common SPT configurations are provided in Table G-2.
Calculate the normalized standardized SPT blow count, (N1)60 using (N1)60 = CN N60 ,
where (N1)60 is the standardized blow count
normalized to an effective overburden pressure of 98 kPa in order to eliminate the

influence of confining pressure. Stress normalization factor CN is calculated from
following expression:
CN = Sqrt (Pa / σv’)
Subjected to CN < 2, where Pa is the atmospheric pressure. However, the closed-form
expression proposed by Liao and Whitman (1986) may also be used:
CN = 9.79 Sqrt (1 / σv’)
The Critical Resistance Ratio (CRR) or the resistance of a soil layer against liquefaction is
estimated from Figure G-5 for representative (N1)60 value of the deposit.
Step 6:
Correct CRR7.5 for earthquake magnitude (Mw), stress level and for initial static shear
using correction factors km, k σ and kα, respectively, according to:
CRR = CRR7.5. km. k σ. kα
where, km, k σ ,kα are correction factors, respectively for magnitude correction (Figure G-
1), effective overburden correction (Figure G-2) and sloping ground correction (Figure G-
3), in combination with Figure G-4. The Critical Stress ratio CRR7.5 is estimated from
Figure G-5 for SPT,
Step 7:
Calculate the factor of safety against initial liquefaction, FS , as:
FS = CRR/CSR
where CSR is as estimated in Step 4 and CRR is from Step 6a, 6b or 6c. When the design
ground motion is conservative, earthquake-related permanent ground deformation is
generally small if FS > 1.1.
Cohesive Soils
Cohesive soils are often deemed to be non-liquefiable if any one of the following
conditions is not satisfied (Figure G-8a):
 Percent (by weight) finer than 5 μm < 15 %

 wl < 35 %
 wn < 0.9 x wl
where wl is the Liquid Limit and wn is the Natural Moisture Content, respectively. These
conditions are collectively referred to as the Chinese Criteria.Since the Chinese Criteria
are not always conservative, Seed et al. (2003)2 recommend the following alternative
(Figure G-8b):
 Cohesive soils should be considered liquefiable if wl < 37 %, Ip < 12 % and wn <
0.85 x wl, where Ip is the Plasticity Index
 Liquefaction susceptibility of soils should be considered marginal if wl < 47 %, Ip

< 20 % and wn < 0.85 x wl, where Ip is the Plasticity Index and for such soils
liquefaction susceptibility should be obtained from laboratory testing of
undisturbed representative samples
Cohesive soils should be considered non-liquefiable if wl > 47 % or Ip > 20 % or wn >
0.85 x wl, where Ip is the Plasticity Index
6.2 Seismic Parameters considered for Analysis

Detailed analysis has been done using the following design parameters:
Seismic Zone : IV
Design Earthquake Magnitude (M) : 7.5
Peak Horizontal Ground Acceleration (PGA) : 0.24g
Factor of Safety against liquefaction susceptibility : 1.0
Design groundwater table level : Encountered
7.0 CONCLUSION
The SBC for open foundation has been calculated for Raft footing, Please refer annexure
IV for the details.
The liquefaction analysis has been conducted and the value of CSR and CRR are
computed at different depths at different locations of bore holes and depth susceptible to
liquefaction is determined. Liquefaction is not probable wherever Factor of Safety is
greater than 1.0 In this case factor of safety comes more than 1.0 so there is no
requirement of liquefaction.
8.0 LIST OF ANNEXURES ENCLOSED

Annexure-I - Engineering Bore Logs
Annexure II - Test Results For Soil Samples
Annexure III - Abstract of SBC
Annexure IV - Typical Calculation of Safe Bearing Capacity
Annexure-V- Typical Calculation of liquefaction susceptibility assessment
Annexure VI - Photographs.
Annexure-VII- Location Plan
For Landmark Material Testing And Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd.
ANNEXURE-I
VERTICAL SECTION
OF BORE HOLES
BORELOG
Project: Lambra to Shahkot Section of NH- 71 [New NH No. 52], PUP at Gahiram Realingment.
Location: BH-28 Depth of bore hole: 15.00M

Date of commencement: 10.02.2016 Date of Completion: 10.02.2016
Depth of water table: Not Encountered Diameter of borehole: 150 mm
Thickness of layer
Depth below G.L.
Standard Penteration Test data

Remarks
Soil profile
Strata
Depth N Value Density
1.50 Silty Sand 1.50 1.50 8 Loose
3.00 Silty Sand 1.50 3.00 13 Medium Dense
4.50 Silty Sand 1.50 4.50 UDS -
9.00 Silty Sand 1.50 9.00 UDS _
10.50 Silty Sand 1.50 10.50 35 Dense
Clayey Silt with

12.00 1.50 12.00 43 Hard
Sand
Clayey Silt with

13.50 1.50 13.50 UDS _
Sand
Clayey Silt with

15.00 1.50 15.00 65 Hard
Sand
BORELOG
Project: Lambra to Shahkot Section of NH- 71 [New NH No. 52], PUP at Gahiram Realingment.

Thickness of layer
Depth below G.L.

Remarks
Soil profile
Strata
Clayey Silt with

1.50 1.50 1.50 31 Very Stiff
Sand
3.00 Silty Sand 1.50 3.00 35 Dense
4.50 Silty Sand 1.50 4.50 UDS -
9.00 Silty Sand 1.50 9.00 UDS _
Clayey Silt with

10.50 1.50 10.50 11 Stiff
Sand
Clayey Silt with

12.00 1.50 12.00 30 Very Stiff
Sand
Clayey Silt with

13.50 1.50 13.50 UDS _
Sand
Clayey Silt with

15.00 1.50 15.00 32 Very Stiff
Sand
BORELOG
Project: Lambra to Shahkot Section of NH- 71 [New NH No. 52], PUP at Shahkot Bypass.

Thickness of layer
Depth below G.L.

Remarks
Soil profile
Strata
1.50 Silty Sand 1.50 1.50 8 Loose
4.50 Silty Sand 1.50 4.50 UDS -
9.00 Silty Sand 1.50 9.00 UDS _
10.50 Silty Sand 1.50 10.50 52 Very Dense
Clayey Silt with

12.00 1.50 12.00 UDS _
Sand
Clayey Silt with

13.50 1.50 13.50 81 Hard
Sand
Clayey Silt with

15.00 1.50 15.00 UDS _
Sand
ANNEXURE-II
TEST RESULTS FOR

SOIL SAMPLES
TABLE-1 : LABORATORY TEST RESULTS SHOWING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS
Location: Lambra to Shahkot Section of NH- 71 Date of FieldTesting BH.No Depth of Water Table Termination Depth Chainage Ref. Code
[New NH No. 52],
PUP at Gahiram Realingment. 10.02.2016 to
28 Not Encountered 15.0 m 18.100 Sr-53-0216
10.02.2016
Grain Size Distribution % wt retained Shear Strength

Sp.
Correction Corrected N Atterberg Limits % B.D. M.C. D.D.
Depth (m) Observed N Gravity
Soil Description Sand Gravel
from EGL Value Factor (Cn) Value (Nn) Silt and
c kg/cm f Degree
2
Clay content
Fine Medium Coarse Fine Coarse L.L. P.L. P.I. gm/cc % gm/cc
1.50 8 1.44 11.55 Silty Sand 20.28 78.62 0.24 0.86 0.00 0.00 24 Nil NP - - - - - -
3.00 13 1.21 15.75 Silty Sand 31.71 64.25 2.14 1.62 0.28 0.00 26 Nil NP - - - - - -
4.50 UDS - - Silty Sand 26.24 69.82 0.65 0.54 1.87 0.88 25 Nil NP 1.78 5.54 1.69 2.64 0.00 27
6.00 19 0.98 18.62 Silty Sand 22.24 72.86 1.98 2.44 0.48 0.00 24 Nil NP - - - - - -
7.50 28 0.91 25.34 Silty Sand 27.40 66.32 0.46 3.08 2.74 0.00 25 Nil NP - - - - - -
10.50 35 0.78 27.42 Silty Sand 19.56 74.56 0.52 1.92 2.55 0.89 24 Nil NP - - - - - -
12.00 43 1.00 43.00 Clayey Silt with Sand 57.38 36.45 1.42 0.48 1.72 2.55 31 19 12 - - - - - -
13.50 UDS - - Clayey Silt with Sand 68.01 28.76 0.46 0.55 2.22 0.00 33 20 13 1.88 8.46 1.73 2.67 0.24 16
[New NH No. 52],
PUP at Malsian Realingment. 18.02.2016 to
18.02.2016

Sp.
c kg/cm f Degree
2
Clay content
3.00 35 1.20 41.89 Silty Sand 26.50 68.52 1.48 2.82 0.68 0.00 25 Nil NP - - - - - -
6.00 35 0.97 33.78 Silty Sand 30.40 64.25 2.46 0.52 1.48 0.89 26 Nil NP - - - - - -
7.50 42 0.89 37.40 Silty Sand 27.44 67.47 0.47 1.52 0.82 2.28 25 Nil NP - - - - - -
[New NH No. 52],
PUP at Shahkot Bypass. 16.02.2016 to
16.02.2016

Sp.
c kg/cm f Degree
2
Clay content
1.50 8 1.45 11.58 Silty Sand 27.14 68.24 1.46 0.62 2.54 0.00 25 Nil NP - - - - - -
3.00 17 1.22 20.66 Silty Sand 22.25 73.67 0.78 1.25 1.18 0.87 24 Nil NP - - - - - -
6.00 37 0.98 36.39 Silty Sand 27.12 67.84 0.72 2.87 1.45 0.00 25 Nil NP - - - - - -
7.50 46 0.91 41.81 Silty Sand 25.16 70.48 1.47 0.87 0.54 1.48 25 Nil NP - - - - - -
10.50 52 0.78 40.45 Silty Sand 30.66 62.74 0.52 2.18 2.48 1.42 26 Nil NP - - - - - -
ANNEXURE-III
ABSTRACT OF
SAFE BEARING
CAPACITY
Abstract of Net Safe Bearing Capacity (t/m2)
Geotechnical Investigation Work at Lambra to Shahkot Section of NH-71 [New NH No. 52]
BH Name of Design Size of Safe Net Bearing Capacity Safe Bearing Pressure based Recommended Allowable
No. Structure Chainage Footing (m) based on Shear Failure on Settlement Criteria Safe Bearing Pressure
Criteria (t/m2) (t/m2) (t/m2)
1.0 m depth 2.0 m depth 1.0 m depth 2.0 m depth 1.0 m depth 2.0 m depth
from EGL from EGL from EGL from EGL from EGL from EGL
PUP at
28 Gahiram 18.100 7 x 12 20.0 28.0 17.0 20.0 17.0 20.0
Realingment
PUP at
29 Malsian 35.382 7 x 12 28.0 39.0 23.0 25.0 23.0 25.0
Realingment
PUP at
30 Shahkot 41.168 7 x 12 19.0 27.0 24.0 26.0 19.0 26.0
Bypass
ANNEXURE-IV
CALCULATION OF
SAFE BEARING
CAPACITY
Settlement Calculation As per IS 8009 (Part 1)
Lambra to Shahkot Section of NH- 71 [New NH No. 52]
BH-28 Ch.18.100 PUP at Gahiram Realingment
Depth of foundation = 1.00 m
Length of footing (L) = 12.0 m
Width of footing (B) = 7.0 m
D/(LB)^0.5 = 0.11
(LB)^0.5/D = 9.17
L/B = 1.71
NP Layer thickness = 10.5 m.
Effective Pressure at top of NP Soil = 17.00 t/m2
Average N Value = 21
Settlement (mm) for 10 t/m2 = 14.90 mm
Rigidity factor = 1.00
Depth factor = 0.9791
Water table correction factor = 0.50
Settlement (mm) for 17.00 t/m2 = 49.60 mm
(for 10.5 m NP layer)
Settlement (mm) for 10.50 m NP layer = 49.60 mm
BH-28 Ch.18.100 PUP at Gahiram Realingment
D/(LB)^0.5 = 0.22
(LB)^0.5/D = 4.58
L/B = 1.71
Calculation of SBC for shallow foundations as per IS : 6403 - 1981
INPUT DATA Lambra to Shahkot Section of NH- 71 [New NH No. 52] BH-28
Type of footing
1 Continuous Strip
2 Rectangular 2
3 Square
4 Circular
Angle of internal friction (φ o ) 27.00

Cohesion (c in t/m2) 0.00
Void ratio (e) 0.56
o
Direction of load with vertical ( ) 0.00
Density of surcharge (t/m3) 1.70
Density of foundation soil (t/m 3) 1.78
Depth of water table(m) 0.00
Factor of safety 3.00
S.no. Depth (m) Width (m) Length (m)
1 1.00 7.00 12.00

2 2.00 7.00 12.00
SHEAR FAILURE CRITERIA
Assumptions and formula used in calculation as per IS:6403-1981 are given below -
The ultimate net bearing capacity in case of general shear failure is given by
qd = c Nc sc dc ic + q (Nq-1) sq dq iq + (1/2) B γ Nγ sγ dγ iγ W'
The ultimate net bearing capacity in case of local shear failure is given by
q'd = (2/3) c N'c sc dc ic + q (N'q-1) sq dq iq + (1/2) B γ N'γ sγ dγ iγ W'
Where,
dc = 1+ 0.2 (Df/B)*SQRT(Nφ)
dq = dγ = 1 for φ <10o
dq = dγ = 1 + 0.1 (Df/B)*SQRT(Nφ) for φ >10o
Nφ = tan2(π/4 +φ/2)
φ' for local shear failure = tan-1 ( 0.67 tanφ )
OUTPUT
The computer aided results for shear failure criteria are tabulated below. The results are
interpolated values of bearing capacity obtained from general and local shear failure
criteria.
Bearing capacity factors :
φ 27.00 φ' 18.85

Nc 24.49 N'c 13.94
Nq 13.76 N'q 5.83
Nγ 15.49 N'γ 4.76
Shape factors :
S.no. Width(m) Length (m) Sc Sq Sγ
1 7.00 12.00 1.12 1.12 0.77

2 7.00 12.00 1.12 1.12 0.77
Depth factors :
S.no. Depth(m) Width(m) dc dq dγ
1 1.00 7.00 1.05 1.02 1.02

2 2.00 7.00 1.09 1.05 1.05
Inclination factors :
ic = (1-α / 90) 2 iq = (1-α / 90) 2 iγ = (1- α / φ) 2

1.00 1.00 1.00
Water table factor :
S.no. Depth(m) Width(m) Zw/B W'
1 1.00 7.00 -0.14 0.50

2 2.00 7.00 -0.29 0.50
Safe Bearing Capacity
S.no. Depth(m) Width(m) Length (m) SBC in (t/m2)

General shear Local shear Actual
1 1.00 7.00 12.00 20.88 7.01 20.18

2 2.00 7.00 12.00 29.80 10.37 28.83
BH-29 Ch.35.382 PUP at Malsian Realingment
D/(LB)^0.5 = 0.11
(LB)^0.5/D = 9.17
L/B = 1.71
BH-29 Ch.35.382 PUP at Malsian Realingment
D/(LB)^0.5 = 0.22
(LB)^0.5/D = 4.58
L/B = 1.71
Type of footing
1 Continuous Strip
2 Rectangular 2
3 Square
4 Circular

Void ratio (e) 0.51
o
1 1.00 7.00 12.00

2 2.00 7.00 12.00
Where,
Nφ = tan2(π/4 +φ/2)
OUTPUT
criteria.
φ 29.00 φ' 20.37

Nc 28.26 N'c 15.27
Nq 16.85 N'q 6.72
Nγ 20.10 N'γ 5.80
Shape factors :
1 7.00 12.00 1.12 1.12 0.77

2 7.00 12.00 1.12 1.12 0.77
Depth factors :
1 1.00 7.00 1.05 1.02 1.02

2 2.00 7.00 1.10 1.05 1.05
ic = (1-α / 90) 2 iq = (1-α / 90) 2 iγ = (1- α / φ) 2

1.00 1.00 1.00
1 1.00 7.00 -0.14 0.50

2 2.00 7.00 -0.29 0.50

1 1.00 7.00 12.00 28.00 8.87 28.00

2 2.00 7.00 12.00 39.80 13.09 39.80
BH-30 Ch.41.168 PUP at Shahkot Bypass
D/(LB)^0.5 = 0.11
(LB)^0.5/D = 9.17
L/B = 1.71
BH-30 Ch.41.168 PUP at Shahkot Bypass
D/(LB)^0.5 = 0.22
(LB)^0.5/D = 4.58
L/B = 1.71
Type of footing
1 Continuous Strip
2 Rectangular 2
3 Square
4 Circular

Void ratio (e) 0.57
o
1 1.00 7.00 12.00

2 2.00 7.00 12.00
Where,
Nφ = tan2(π/4 +φ/2)
OUTPUT
criteria.
φ 27.00 φ' 18.85

Nc 24.49 N'c 13.94
Nq 13.76 N'q 5.83
Nγ 15.49 N'γ 4.76
Shape factors :
1 7.00 12.00 1.12 1.12 0.77

2 7.00 12.00 1.12 1.12 0.77
Depth factors :
1 1.00 7.00 1.05 1.02 1.02

2 2.00 7.00 1.09 1.05 1.05
ic = (1-α / 90) 2 iq = (1-α / 90) 2 iγ = (1- α / φ) 2

1.00 1.00 1.00
1 1.00 7.00 -0.14 0.50

2 2.00 7.00 -0.29 0.50

1 1.00 7.00 12.00 20.73 6.96 19.36

2 2.00 7.00 12.00 29.66 10.32 27.72
ANNEXURE-V
CALCULATION OF
LIQUEFACTION SUSCEPTIBILITY
ASSESSMENT
Liquefaction Analysis Using SPT DATA
(As per IITK- RDSO GUIDELINES)
Location : Lambra to Shahkot Section NH-71 [New NH No.52]
BH-28
Depth (m) N60 Percentage Fine

3 13 26.16
6 19 39.3
10.5 35 67.87
12 43 73.91
15 65 76.73
Required Information
Depth σ᷾'v (atm) Kσ
Site Location - Zone IV 3 0.54 1
6 1.08 0.98
Saturated Unit Weight = 18.3 kN/mᶾ 10.5 1.9 0.77
ϒw = 9.8 kN/mᶾ 12 2.17 0.74
amax/g = Z.I.S 15 2.71 0.65
= 0.24
Mw = 7.5
Km = 1
Kα = 1
Depth of Water Table from G.L.* = 20
Z = 0.24 0.58
I = 1
S = 1
g = 9.81
Note: Magnitude of Km is taken corresponding to "Seed and Idriss" Curve from Fig. G1
of IITK- RDSO Guidelines
Note: Value of Kα is considered equal to 1 for no initial static shear as per fig. G-3 of
IITK- RDSO Guidelines.
Note: Value of Kσ is taken from Fig. G-2 of IITK- RDSO Guidelines.
* Note: For estimating the vertical total and effective stresses , the water table should be
assumed at the highest piezometric elevation likely to be encountered during the
operational life ofthe structure except where there is free standing water column.
OUTPUT
Depth % Fine σv (kPa) σ᷾'v (kPa) N60 CN (N)60 rd CSR CRR7.5 CRR FS
3 26.16 54.9 54.9 13 1.32 17 0.98 0.15 0.28 0.28 1.87
6 39.3 109.8 109.8 19 0.93 18 0.95 0.15 1 0.98 6.53
10.5 67.87 192.15 192.15 35 0.71 25 0.92 0.14 1 0.77 5.50
12 73.91 219.6 219.6 43 0.66 28 0.85 0.13 1 0.74 5.69
15 76.73 274.5 274.5 65 0.59 38 0.77 0.12 1 0.65 5.42
Note: CRR values is taken from Fig. G-5)
Summary
The extent of liquifaction for the strata of considered site can be read from output table, where
F.S.<1 indicates the possibility of liquefaction.
Result- Since F.S. For each depth is greater than 1, hence , there is no possibility of
Liquefaction.
ANNEXURE-VI
PHOTOGRAPHS
ANNEXURE-VII
LOCATION PLAN
OF BORE HOLES
FIG.1:- PLAN SHOWING THE LOCATION OF BOREHOLES BH – 28 SPECIALIZED ENGINEERING SERVICES LRL PVT. LTD.
FOR VUP AT LAMBRA TO SHAHKOT SECTION NH-71. PVT. LTD.
B-501, OPP. FORTUNE HOTEL, SECTOR- 19, NOIDA SR – 53 – 0215
201301
201301
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.2 Project Location

Existing Design Tentative Span Details of New

1 New /Existing Major Bridge on Main C/W

2.0 PLANNING OF GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION PROGRAMME

2.1 Scope of Works

Table-2 Summary of boreholes location

2.3 Collecting disturbed / undisturbed soil samples from the borehole.

2.4 Summary of proposed Laboratory Testing program is given in table -3

Table: 3 Summary of Laboratory Testing Program

3.0 GEOLOGICAL INFORMATION OF THE REGION

4.2 Standard Penetration Tests (SPT)

4.3 Disturbed Sampling in boreholes

4.5 Laboratory testing

5.0 FOUNDATION ENGINEERING ANALYSIS

5.1 OPEN FOUNDATIONS - BASIS OF APPROACH

A. Net SBC calculations by General Shear Failure Approach

Qu = Ultimate net bearing capacity

B. SETTLEMENT CRITERIA (IS-8009 (Part-I) Approach)

The degree of susceptibility to liquefaction of the subsoil depends on:

1. Type and gradation of the subsoil

Assessment of liquefaction potential of foundation strata is made as per IITK-RDSO

Due to the difficulties in obtaining and laboratory testing of undisturbed representative

liquefiable layers within the deposit.

where z is the depth below the ground surface in meters.

CSR = 0.65 * (amax / g ) rd (σv / σv’ )

normalized to an effective overburden pressure of 98 kPa in order to eliminate the

CRR = CRR7.5. km. k σ. kα

 Percent (by weight) finer than 5 μm < 15 %

 Liquefaction susceptibility of soils should be considered marginal if wl < 47 %, Ip

6.2 Seismic Parameters considered for Analysis

8.0 LIST OF ANNEXURES ENCLOSED

Location: BH-28 Depth of bore hole: 15.00M

Standard Penteration Test data

Depth N Value Density

1.50 Silty Sand 1.50 1.50 8 Loose

3.00 Silty Sand 1.50 3.00 13 Medium Dense

4.50 Silty Sand 1.50 4.50 UDS -

6.00 Silty Sand 1.50 6.00 19 Medium Dense

7.50 Silty Sand 1.50 7.50 28 Medium Dense

9.00 Silty Sand 1.50 9.00 UDS _

10.50 Silty Sand 1.50 10.50 35 Dense

Clayey Silt with

Clayey Silt with

Clayey Silt with

Location: BH-29 Depth of bore hole: 15.00M

Standard Penteration Test data

Depth N Value Density

Clayey Silt with

3.00 Silty Sand 1.50 3.00 35 Dense

4.50 Silty Sand 1.50 4.50 UDS -

6.00 Silty Sand 1.50 6.00 35 Dense

7.50 Silty Sand 1.50 7.50 42 Dense

9.00 Silty Sand 1.50 9.00 UDS _

Clayey Silt with

Clayey Silt with

Clayey Silt with

Clayey Silt with

Location: BH-30 Depth of bore hole: 15.00M

Standard Penteration Test data

Depth N Value Density

1.50 Silty Sand 1.50 1.50 8 Loose

3.00 Silty Sand 1.50 3.00 17 Medium Dense