To: Nancy Myers

From: Ricky Johnson

Date: April 24, 2020
Subject: APLED 121-Chapter 4 summary
______________________________________________________________________________

Chapter 4 Summary
Audience Recognition

 Knowledge of Subject Matter – Consider your audiences knowledge and involvement

with the topic when writing.
 Writing for Future Audiences – Make sure future readers would be able to understand
and figure out your writing clearly.

Defining Terms for Audiences

 Defining Terms Parenthetically – Consider if your future Audience will be High tech or
low tech.
 Defining Your Terms in a sentence – If you provide a sentence definition include term +
type + Distinguishing characters.
 Using Extended Definition of One or More Paragraphs – When providing an extended
definition include examples, procedures and descriptions.
 Using a Glossary – If you have not defined your term use a glossary.
 Providing Pop-Ups and Links With Definition – Use pop-up screens for online help.

Audience Personality Traits – consider an audience personality traits.

Biased Language-Issues of Diversity – Understand issues of diversity.

Multiculturalism

 The Global Economy – Understand the worldwide economy.

 Cross-Cultural Workplace Communication – you will be challenged by cross-culture
communication not just globally but also in your own state and city.

Guidelines for Effective Multicultural Communication

 Define Acronyms and abbreviations – many readers will have problems with acronyms
and abbreviations so define them to help your Audience understand.
 Avoid Jargon and Idioms – Avoid jargon and idioms they are common in English but can
be meaningless to anyone else.
  Distinguish Between Nouns and Verbs – Make sure your reader can tell if the word your
using is a noun or a verb.
 Watch for Cultural Biases/Expectations – Words and images can have different
meanings when translated.
 Be Careful When Using Slash Marks – if your writing is translated your reader may not
know what you mean when using slash marks so try to avoid them.
 Avoid Humor and Puns – Humor is not universal so try to avoid it.
 Realize That Translations May Take More or Less Space – Consider that the length and
size of your writing will change when translated.
 Avoid Figurative Language – don’t use things like sports terms when writing about
business, use precise words.
 Be Careful With Numbers, measurements, Dates and Time – Consider that
measurements, dates and times are different in other countries
 Use Stylized Graphics to Represent People – avoid depicting race, skin, color and even
gender in images.

Avoiding Biased language

 Ageist Language – Try to avoid reference to age.

 Biased Language Against People With Disabilities – Try to avoid writing about
disabilities and if you need to, do so without any negative characteristics.
 Sexiest Language – Avoid any sexiest language.

Audience Involvement

 Personalized Tone – Remember your writing for another person, Collaborative tone to
involve your reader.
 Reader Benefit – Motivate your readers by giving them what they want or need.

The Writing Process at Work

 Prewriting – Write a outline.

 Writing – Write a rough draft.
 Rewriting – Revise your paper.