Airport Planning

L27: Air Transport

Dr. Rajat Rastogi, Associate Professor

 Lecture Outline 2

• Air Transport
• Importance
• National and International Organizations
• Objectives of organizations like ICAO, etc.
• Airport Classification
• Air Travel in India
• Air Transport Development (Optional)

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 Air Transportation 3

• Improves accessibility to inaccessible areas

• Continuous connectivity over land and water
• Emergency Operations
• Saves Productive time
• Specialized technical skill workforce demand
• Adds to foreign reserve

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 Air Transportation contd. 4

• Heavy funds requirement $$

• Operational Dependability??
• Highly sophisticated machinery
• Outward flow of foreign exchange
• Safety implications
• Specific demarcation of flight paths and
territories is essential
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Air Transport Agencies 5

• International Civil Aviation Organisation

• www.icao.int
• Federal Aviation Administration
• www.faa.gov
• International Air Transport Association
• www.iata.org

• Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation

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• www.canso.org
Air Transport Agencies 6

• Airports Council International

• www.airports.org

• Airports Authority of India

• www.aai.aero/AAI/main.jsp
• Air India Limited
• www.airindia.in
• Private Air Transport Agencies
• Jet Airways, Indigo, Spice Jet, Air Asia, Vistara, Go
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ICAO 7

• Established in 1944 (Chicago convention)

• Headquarter - Montreal, Canada
• The Organization: Headed by Secretary General
• The Assembly, composed of representatives from all
Contracting States, is the sovereign body of ICAO
• The Council, the governing body which is elected by
the Assembly for a three-year term, is composed of 36
States.
• Member States 191 (2013)

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ICAO 8

• Vision:
• Achieve the sustainable growth of the global civil
aviation system

• Mission:
• To serve as the global forum of States for
international civil aviation

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ICAO 9

• Strategic objectives 2014-2016:

• Enhance global civil aviation safety
• Increase the capacity and improve the
efficiency of the global civil aviation
system
• Enhance global civil aviation security and
facilitation
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ICAO 10

• Strategic objectives 2014-2016:

• Foster the development of a sound and
economically-viable civil aviation
• Minimize the adverse environmental effects
of civil aviation activities

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FAA 11

• Began on December 31, 1958

• Vision
• To reach the next level of safety,
efficiency, environmental responsibility and
global leadership

• Mission
• Our continuing mission is to provide the safest,
most efficient aerospace system in the world.

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FAA 12

• Functions
• Establishment of civil airways, landing areas
and other air facilities
• Designates federal airways and acquires,
establishes, operates and conducts research
and development, and maintains air
navigation facilities along such airways
• Control and protection of air traffic moving
in air commerce
• Aircraft registration
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FAA 13

• Functions (contd.)
• Technical development work in the field of
aeronautics and aeronautical facilities
• Civil Air Regulations for safety standards
• Notice and issues orders with respect to
hazards to air commerce
• Issues airport operating certificates to
airports servicing air carriers

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IATA 14

• Founded in Havana, Cuba, 1945, with 57 founding

members from 31 nations
• Trade Association for World Airlines
• 265 Airlines members, 83% of total air traffic
• Guiding Concept – Global Development, Regional
Delivery
• Headed by Director General
• Development of global standards, systems and
advocacy positions
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IATA 15

• Vision:
• To be the force for value creation and
innovation driving a safe, secure and
profitable air transport industry that
sustainably connects and enriches our
world

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IATA 16

• Mission:
• Representing the airline industry
• Improve understanding
• Leading the airline industry
• Develop global commercial standards
• Serving the airline industry
• Safe, secure, efficient and economic operations

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IATA 17

• Values:
• People focus
• Speed
• Innovation
• Openness to change
• Integrity
• Teamwork and cultural intelligence
• Results orientation
• Leadership

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AAI 18

• Started on 1st April, 1995

• Merging of National Airports Authority and
International Airports Authority of India

• AAI manages 125 airports

• 11 International, 81 Domestic, 8 Customs Airports
and 25 civil enclaves at Defense airfields

• Training Centers –
• Civil Aviation Training College,
• National Institute of Aviation Management and Research,
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• Fire Training Center
AAI 19

• Vision:
• To be a world class organization providing
leadership in air traffic services and airport
management and making India a major hub
in Asia-Pacific region by 2016
• Technology Adoption:
• ILS, RADAR, VOR, DME, ADSS, GAGAN, GBAS,
ASMGCS, NDB, VGSI, etc.
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AAI 20

• Functions:
• Control and management of the Indian airspace and
its extension
• Design, Development, Operation and Maintenance of
International and Domestic Airports and Civil
Enclaves
• Construction, Modification and Management of
Passenger Terminals
• Development and Management of Cargo Terminals at
International and Domestic airports
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AAI 21

• Functions
• Provision of Passenger Facilities and Information
System at the Passenger Terminals at airports
• Expansion and strengthening of operation area viz.
Runways, Aprons, Taxiway, etc
• Provision of visual aids
• Provision of Communication and Navigational aids
viz. ILS, DVOR, DME, Radar, etc

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Air India 22

• Founded by J R D Tata, in 1932 as Tata Airlines

• October 15, 1932, a light single-engine Puss Moth took off
from Karachi on its Mail flight to Bombay via Ahmedabad

• Renamed AIR INDIA as a Public Limited

Company on July 29, 1946
• Air India International - March 8, 1948
• International weekly operation from Mumbai to London
via Cairo and Geneva on June 8, 1948
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Air India 23

• Fleet
• Boeing – 41, Airbus – 66, Regional Aircrafts - 11

• Primary Hub – Indira Gandhi International

Airport, Delhi
• Secondary Hub – Chhatrapati Shivaji
International Airport, Mumbai
• Destinations: 84 (Domestic – 48, International –
36) 7/18/2016 12:49 PM
Air India 24

• First Boeing Aircraft - 1960

• Air India’s first hotel ‘CENTAUR’ opened in
Bombay in 1972
• International Terminal at Bombay - 1980
• First Airbus Aircraft - 1982
• Indira Gandhi International Terminal - 1986

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Air India 25

• Introduces IATA currency system and new

identity logo ‘SUN’ on tail and fuselage - 1989
• Renamed Air India Limited - 1994
• Became 27th member of Star Alliance – July 11,
2014
• Third Highest Passenger carrier after Indigo
and Jet Air

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AIRPORT CLASSIFICATION 26

• Based on Take-off and Landing

• Conventional Take-Off and Landing Airport
• Runway length > 1500 m
• Reduced Take-Off and Landing Airport
• Runway length 1000 to 1500m
• Short Take-Off and Landing Airport
• Runway length 500 to 1000m
• Vertical Take-Off and Landing Airport
• Operational area 25 to 50 sq m

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AIRPORT CLASSIFICATION 27

• Based on Geometric Design

• ICAO
• Employs aerodrum reference code.
• Length of runway available
• Classified using code number 1 through 4
• Aircraft wing span and outer main gear wheel
span
• Classified using letters A through E

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AIRPORT CLASSIFICATION 28

• ICAO Classification
• Based on length of runway
Code Basic Runway
Number Length (m)
1 < 800
2 800 up to but not including
1200
3 1200 up to but not including
1800
4 1800 and over

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AIRPORT CLASSIFICATION 29

• ICAO Classification
• Based on wing span and outer main gear wheel span
Code Wing Outer Main Gear
Letter Span Wheel Span
A up to but not up to but not
including 15 m including 0.5 m
B 15 m up to but not 0.5 m up to but not
including 24 m including 6 m
C 24 m up to but not 6 m up to but not
including 36 m including 9 m
D 36 m up to but not 9 m up to but not
including 52 m including 14 m
E 52 m up to but not 9 m up to but not
including 65 m including 14 m
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AIRPORT CLASSIFICATION 30

• FAA Classification
• Based on aircraft approach speed
Approach Approach Speed
Category Knots
A < 91
B 91 - 120
C 121 - 140
D 141 - 165
E 166 or greater 1 Knot = 1.9 km/hr
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AIRPORT CLASSIFICATION 31

• Based on Function
• Civil Aviation
• International
• Domestic
• Military Aviation
• Based on Load Carried
• Passenger
• Cargo
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AIRPORT TERMINOLOGIES 32

• International Hubs
• This category includes airports currently
classified as 'international airports' and
having facilities of world class standards.
(These would at present cover Delhi,
Mumbai, Chennai, Calcutta and
Thiruvananthapuram)

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AIRPORT TERMINOLOGIES 33

• Regional Hubs
• Regional hubs will have to act as
operational bases for regional airlines and
also have all the facilities currently
postulated for model airports, including
the capability to handle limited
international traffic.

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AIRPORT TERMINOLOGIES 34

• Domestic airports
• Model (e.g. Indore, Nagpur, Vadodra,
Bhubhneshwar, Imphal)
• Operational (e.g. Udaipur, Kota, Kanpur,
Cochin, etc.)
• Non-operational (e.g. Patna, Malda, Akola,
Mysore, etc.)

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AIRPORT TERMINOLOGIES 35

• Custom Airports
• Having international tourist potential, e.g.
Jaipur, Calicut, Agra, Gaya, etc
• Civil Enclaves (at Defense airfields)
• Operational (e.g. Bagdogra, Leh, etc.)
• Non-operational (e.g. Allahabad, etc)
• Air force aerodromes

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Air Travel in India 36

• International & Domestic Services –

Indian Carriers: 2014-15
• Aircraft Departures: 7,34,736
• Km Flown: 8,97,884 (000)
• Passengers Carried: 87,412,197
• Passenger Load Factor: 0.79
• Freight Carried: 8,15,211 tonnes
• Mail carried: 31,816 tonnes
• Weight Load Factor: 0.72 7/18/2016 12:49 PM
Air Travel in India 37

• International Services – Indian Carriers:

2014-15
• Passengers To India: 83,85,537
• Passengers From India: 85,20,371
• Freight To India: 97,777 tonnes
• Freight From India: 1,46,162 tonnes

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Air Travel in India 38

• International Services – Indian Carriers:

2015
• Aircraft Departures: 1,23,399
• Km Flown: 449416 (000)
• Passengers Carried: 1,84,15,694
• Passenger Load Factor: 0.79
• Freight Carried: 2,47,415 tonnes
• Mail carried: 3,556 tonnes
• Weight Load Factor: 0.67 7/18/2016 12:49 PM
Air Travel in India 39

• Domestic Passengers Carried: 2015

• Air India Domestic: 133.35 Lakhs (16.4%)
• Private Carriers: 677.56 Lakhs (83.6%)
• Growth Air India Domestic: +7.32%
• Growth Private Carriers: +23.29%

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Air Travel in India 40

• Share of Domestic Airlines - Passengers

Carried: 2015
• Indigo: 297.43 Lakhs (36.7%)
• Jet Airways: 155.53 Lakhs (19.2%)
• Air India: 133.35 Lakhs (16.4%)
• Spice Jet: 94.25 Lakhs (11.6%)
• Go Air: 69.28 Lakhs (8.5%)

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Air Travel in India 41

• Domestic Airlines - Passenger Load

Factor: 2015
• Indigo: 0.77 – 0.92
• Jet Airways: 0.77 – 0.90
• Air India: 0.74 – 0.87
• Spice Jet: 0.80 – 0.93
• Go Air: 0.76 – 0.90

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 42

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