SDGs

and
Population Policy
2019-2020
Millennium Development 4

Goals
 5

• GOAL 1 -
ERADICATE EXTREME
POVERTY AND
HUNGER

• GOAL 2 - ACHIEVE
UNIVERSAL PRIMARY
EDUCATION

• GOAL 3 - PROMOTE
GENDER EQUALITY
AND EMPOWER
WOMEN
 6

• GOAL 4 – REDUCE
CHILD MORTALITY

• GOAL 5 – IMPROVE
MATERNAL HEALTH

• GOAL 6 – COMBAT
HIV/AIDS, MALARIA
AND OTHER
DISEASES
 7

• GOAL 7 – ENSURE
ENVIRONMENTAL
SUSTAINABILITY

• GOAL 8 – DEVELOP
A GLOBAL
PARTNERSHIP FOR
DEVELOPMENT
Review of the MDGs 8

Achieved On Track Slipping Lagging Far Behind

8
9
17 Sustainable
Development Goals 10
Alignment of SDGs to
National Agenda
 Vision 2030
 Draft National Population and Sustainable
Development Policy( under review)
Vision 2030
 This National Development Plan is the
'roadmap' for making "Jamaica, the place of
choice to live, work, raise families and do
business” thereby putting Jamaica in a position
to achieve developed country status by 2030
 Launched in 2007
 The four overarching national goals that have
been identified speak to empowerment, social
security, economic prosperity and the health
and well-being of Jamaicans living in a healthy
natural environment.
https://youtu.be/hD7F-L7m5N0 What is Vision 2030?
https://www.facebook.com/pbcjamaica/videos/251354705878772/ An update on
the progress made by Jamaica towards achieving Vision 2030
Population Policy 13

• A formalized set of procedures designed to

achieve a particular outcome in a country’s
population composition, size or distribution

• These procedures may be aimed at

maintaining consistency in a particular
behaviour or altering that behavior in order to
achieve a desired outcome

• Since fertility mortality and migration are the

main components of population change, an
change in behavior which will result in a
change in any these variables is of concern to
the policy makers
Goals of a policy 14

• Population policy usually has general goals

and specific goals
• They may have one major objective or
several objectives
• Contain both qualitative and quantitative
goals
• A specific strategy for achieving the goals
• Clear time period in which these goals
should be achieved
Evolution of Population 24

Policies
a. Population policy development following the
establishment of the United Nations, 1945-1970
b. Decade of the 1974 world population conference in
Bucharest (1970-1980)
c. Decade of the 1984 international conference on
population and development in Mexico (1980-1990)
d. The decade of the 1994 international conference on
Population and Development in Cairo (1990-2000)
e. The beginning of the 21st century (2001-2019)
 1945-1970
1. 25

• Demographic data were generally lacking

or deficient
• Many countries had never conducted a
census
• Knowledge of global population trends
were limited
• Relationship between rapid population
growth and economic development
 1945-1970
1.
26

• Fertility and family planning were not

considered appropriate areas for
government intervention

• The 1950s heralded the period in the UN

for a specific programme on population
with specific focus on, demographic
data collection and analytical studies
rather than family planning activities only.
 1945-1970
1. 27

• World population conference held in Rome,

1954
• The focus was on
 Inadequacy of statistics
 Ideological differences between western
countries and USSR (population growth
was only an issue for capitalistic societies)
 1945-1970
1.
28

• OUTCOMES:
– Study of populations within the context of
their economic, social and cultural
conditions
– Increased research on the relationship
between population growth and
economic and social development
– Importance of global population trends
1. 1945-1970 29

• World population conference in Belgrade,

1965
• Focus on the effectiveness of family
planning programmes
• Explicit recognition of family planning as
a human right
• Focus on couples planning the size of their families
• Significant progress in developing new types of
contraceptives
• Introduction of oral contraceptive pill and IUD
• Make contraceptives safe, more effective, easier to use
and less expensive.
Main Thrust of Population Policy 31
1960s and 1970s

• Strong emphasis on controlling

population growth.
• Population growth over 1.5 per cent
per year.

31
2. 1970-1980
32

• Concern about population increase in developing

countries and strain on resources.
• Population policy was no longer treated in cautious
and indirect manner but as an explicit major
concern.
• Countries encouraged to formulate national
population policies suited for their needs and
conditions within the framework of a “global
population strategy”
2. 1970-1980 33

• Global population strategy – slow

down and stabilize world
population growth
• World Population Conference,
Bucharest 1974
• Focus on policy issues
– Rationale for family
– Development rather than population
growth was the primary focus
3. 1980-1990 34

• By the early 1980s world population

declined considerably, despite
unfavorable economic conditions
• World Population Conference, Mexico
1984
• Emphasis still remained on family
planning programmes and
contraception
Main Thrust of Population Policy 35
1980s
• Major change in focus of population policy.
• Population policy as an aspect of development
policy.
• Need for integration of population matters into
development policy and planning

35
 1990-2000
4.
39

• Interrelationships between population, sustained

economic growth and sustainable development
• Gender equality, equity and empowerment of
women
• The family, its roles, rights, composition and
structure
• Population growth and structure
• Reproductive rights and Reproductive health
Main Thrust of Population Policy
1990s 41

• Less emphasis on population growth and family

planning.
• More emphasis on reproductive health and the need
to integrate family planning, maternal & child health
and HIV/AIDS and other STIs into contraceptive
programme.
• Emphasis on underserved and vulnerable groups
such as adolescents and persons with disabilities.
• Emphasis on population ageing and growth of the
elderly population.

41
5. 21st Century 42

• Continuation of the ICPD Programme of Action

• Most significant demographic concern
globally – HIV/AIDS
• Millennium Development Goals
• ICPD Beyond 2014
• The Montevideo Consensus, a LAC response
• Alignment with the Sustainable Development
Goals of the 2030 Agenda
• The integration of RH and family planning
Main Emphasis in Population Policy 43

2000s

• Emergence of International
Migration as an issue of major
importance.
• Population growth not seen as a
major problem for the future.
• Total population of Jamaica not
likely to exceed 4 million.
43
First Population Policy, 1983 46

• Comprehensive, explicit
• Approved by Cabinet
• Adopted by Parliament 1983
• Multi-agency Committee (PPCC)
established to monitor
implementation
• Secretariat in PIOJ
Revision of Population Policy, 47

1990s
• Changing demographic situation and
recommendation for revision.
• Decision taken by PPCC for revision.
The revised National
Population Policy of Jamaica 48

(broad goal)
Policy statement :
 To ensure that the population does not
exceed the number of persons that can
be supported by the nation at a
satisfactory standard of living

• To improve the satisfaction of basic

human needs and the quality of life of
the Jamaican people in areas such as
housing, health and nutrition, education,
transportation and the environment
Fertility 49

• The average number of children per

woman, which declined from almost 6
children per woman in the late 1960s to
2.9 by 1989 will further decline to
approximately 2 children per woman by
the year 2000 or shortly thereafter and be
maintained at that level.

• In order to realize this goal the of

replacement level fertility, the
Contraceptive Prevalence Rate which
was estimated at approximately 55% in
1989 will reach a level of 68% by 2000.
Gender 50

• To promote an adequate quality of life

for both sexes; a primary concern is
equity between the two in social, cultural
and economic matters including family
life( particularly reproductive behaviour)
legal status, educational opportunities,
employment and income levels
• Equal access to decision making process
is considered an essential element of this
goal
Mortality 51

• To increase average life expectancy

at birth from it present level of
approximately 70-72 years to 75 years
by 2020
• Through a decrease in infant mortality
and mortality due to chronic diseases,
motor vehicle accidents and
homicides
• Achieved through programmes aimed
at improving: maternal and child
health services;the social environment:
the prevention and control of diseases.
Internal migration and
urbanization 52

• To achieve a balance between the

spatial distribution of the population
and that of development I.e.
investment programmes and projects.
It is necessary to ensure that the
spread of population and resources is
such as to minimize the adverse
effects on the environment
• Concerted efforts will be made
towards facilitating the more effective
implementation of the National
Settlement Strategy in line with the
National Physical Plan, 1978-1998
External migration 53

• To introduce and promote

measures which will influence the
flow of external migration in order
to
– Reduce unemployment
– Ensure the availability of skilled
manpower
– Increase the return flow of skills and
resources to meet the development
needs of the country
– and reduce the social cost of family
separation due to emigration
Evaluation of Population 54

Policies
• Assess the relevance or usefulness of the
policy measure being proposed
• What indicators will be used to measure
the effectiveness of the population
policy intervention
• Assessment of the optimal use of human
and financial resources
Evaluation of Population 55

Policies
• Timeframe of the policy
intervention – some policies
may bring results sooner than
others
• Comparison between
interventions across countries.
International Conference on
Population and Development (ICPD)
Programme of Action (PoA) Beyond 56

2014

JAMAICA NATIONAL
REPORT
Thematic Areas of the PoA 57

1. Population, sustained economic growth and

sustainable development
2. Gender equality, equity and empowerment of
women
3. The family, its roles, rights, composition and
structure
4. Population growth and structure
5. Reproductive rights and reproductive health
6. Health, morbidity and mortality
7. Population distribution, urbanization and
internal migration
Thematic Areas of the PoA 58

(cont’d)
8. International migration
9. Population, development and education
10. Technology research and development
11. National action
12. International cooperation
13. Partnership with the non-government
Major Achievements 59

• Revision of the National Population

Policy (1995) and formulation of a PoA
on Population and Development
consistent with the ICPD PoA (1995);

• Jamaica is the only country in the region

with a national population policy and a
national mechanism to address
population and development issues –
Population and Health Unit, PIOJ.
•
Major Achievements (cont’d) 60

• Significant progress in legislation and

policy reforms relating to children,
adolescents, youth, elderly, persons with
disabilities, trafficking in persons, sexual
offenses, international migration and
development
• Substantial reduction in population
growth
• Reductions in fertility among all
reproductive age groups, including
adolescents
Major Achievements 61

(cont’d)
• Life expectancy at birth - 73 years

• Formulation of a draft
comprehensive national policy on
International Migration and
Development and a draft Diaspora
Policy
Major Achievements 62

(cont’d)
• Substantial reductions in mother-to-
child transmission of HIV and deaths
due to HIV/AIDS

• Reductions in infant, child and

maternal mortality

• Universal access to quality and

affordable health services
Major Achievements 63

(cont’d)
• Universal access to primary and
secondary education

• Reduction in average household

size and poverty.
Gaps 64

• Gender equality and empowerment women

• Child mortality

• Universal access to reproductive health

• Environmental sustainability

• Tight fiscal and high external debt constraints

• Addressing the needs of older persons

The Montevideo
Consensus
Full integration of population dynamics into
sustainable development with equality and respect
for human rights
Focus on the contribution that can be made by a
knowledge of demographic dynamics and their
integration, within a human rights framework, into
programmes and actions aimed at the eradication
of poverty and inequality, bearing in mind the
imperative that the needs of current generations are
not to be met in a way that compromises the
capacity of future generations to meet theirs.
The Montevideo
Consensus
Rights, needs, responsibilities and requirements of girls, boys,
adolescents and youth
The Montevideo Consensus on Population and Development
strengthened the presence of children, adolescents and young
people on the “social agenda”, both by identifying and highlighting
a set of adverse situations that particularly affect people in this
group and compromise their subsequent life courses and welfare
(along with the future of their societies) and by encouraging a rights-
based approach in policies relating to this population segment.
These priority measures concern a life free of poverty, violence and
discrimination; investment in youth for a universal, free, public,
secular, high-quality intercultural education free of discrimination;
and implementation of labour market and employment policies and
special youth training programmes.
The Montevideo
Consensus
 Ageing, social protection and socio-economic challenges
 In the Montevideo Consensus on Population and Development,
countries recognized the urgent need to rethink social
protection in order to urgently respond to the impact of
demographic changes and prepare to meet the needs of a
population in transition. They thus agreed on 15 priority actions
on ageing and social protection (priority actions 18 to 32). Some
of the topics covered by the priority measures include
participation, social insurance, education, health, care,
dignified death, work, violence, discrimination and savings.
The Montevideo
Consensus
 Ageing, social protection and socio-economic
challenges
 In the Montevideo Consensus on Population and
Development, countries recognized the urgent
need to rethink social protection in order to urgently
respond to the impact of demographic changes
and prepare to meet the needs of a population in
transition. They thus agreed on 15 priority actions on
ageing and social protection (priority actions 18 to
32). Some of the topics covered by the priority
measures include participation, social insurance,
education, health, care, dignified death, work,
violence, discrimination and savings.
One last thing…

Watch this:
https://www.facebook.com/goalcast/videos/596571
867626201/?t=29is

A video about how being grateful in the midst of sad,

unsettling and traumatic circumstances can change the
script of your life. Sheryl Sandberg gives the special
address at a graduation, a little over a year after her
husband (Dave Sandberg of Facebook) died suddenly of
a brain aneurism.