Draft Plumbing Design

COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL
PLUMBING NC III
Sector : CONSTRUCTION
Qualification Title : Plumbing NC III
Unit of Competency: DRAFT PLUMBING DESIGN
Module Title : DRAFTING PLUMBING DESIGN
LIST OF COMPETENCIES
Date Developed: Document No.
December 2012 Issued by:
Plumbing NC II Page 1 of 85
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Viajante Revision # 00
No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code
1 Perform complex and Performing complex and multi- CON7133

multi-story installation story installation and assemblies 14
and assemblies
2 Install hot and potable Installing hot and potable chilled CON7133
chilled water piping water piping 15
3. Draft plumbing design Drafting plumbing design CON713

316
HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Welcome!

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The unit of competency, “ Draft Plumbing Design”, is one of the
competencies of Plumbing NC III , a coure which comprises the knowledge skills
and attitudes required for a TVET trainer to posses.
In this module, you are required to go through a series of learning activities
in order to complete each learning outcome. In each learning outcome are
Information Sheets, Self-Checks and Task Sheets. Follow these activities on
your own. If you have questions, don’t hesitate to ask your facilitator for
assistance.
The goal of this course is the development of practical skills. To gain these
skills, you must learn basic concepts and terminologies. For the most part, you'll
get this information from the Information Sheets and TESDA Website,
www.tesda.gov.ph
This module is prepared to help you achieve the required competency, in "
Drafting Plumbing Design ".
This will be the source of information for you to acquire knowledge and skills
in this particular competency independently and at your own pace, with minimum
supervision or help from your instructor.
Remember to:
 Work through all the information and complete the activities in each section.
 Read information sheets and complete the self-check. Suggested references are
included to supplement the materials provided in this module.
 Most probably your trainer will support you also be your supervisor or manager.
He/she is there to support you and show you the correct way to do things.
 You will be given plenty of opportunity to ask questions and practice on the job.
Make sure you practice your new skills during regular work shifts. This way you
will improve both your speed and memory and also your confidence.
 Use the Self-checks, Operation Sheets or Job Sheet at the end of each section to
test your own progress.
 When you feel confident that you have had sufficient practice, ask your Trainer
to evaluate you. The results of your assessment will be recorded in your
Progress Chart and Accomplishment Chart.

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COMPETENCY SUMMARY
UNIT OF COMPETENY: DRAFT PLUMBING DESIGN
MODULE TITLE : DRAFTING PLUMBING DESIGN
MODULE DESCRIPTOR:
This unit covers basic knowledge, skills and attitudes in drafting various
plumbing designs and/or making working drawings and designs taken from
the approved plumbing design.
NOMINAL DURATION: 120 hrs
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this module you MUST be able to:
 Determine location / layout of plumbing facilities

 Layout plumbing plan and/or working drawings
 Determine bill of materials
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Location and piping lay-out is determined within the scope of the
working plan
2. Materials and tools are prepared in accordance with the requirements
3. Lay-out is drawn according to the prescribed steps and procedures
4. Plumbing plan is laid-out following the required specifications and in
consideration with the plumbing elements
5. Working drawings are prepared according to the prescribed steps and
procedures and in consideration with the plumbing elements
6. Bill of materials is determined in consistent with job requirements and
working drawings
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7. Report is prepared and submitted to a supervisor in accordance with
the standard format within specified time
CONDITIONS
1. WORKPLACE
Workshop
1. TOOLS
Pen and pencil
Eraser
Drawings instruments
Drawing table
2. TRAINING MATERIALS
Pattern paper
3. RESOURCES
Books/CBLM/Manual
ASSESSMENT METHOD
Observation
Written and oral examination
Demonstration

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LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Learning Outcome 1
Determine location/lay-out of plumbing facilities
Learning Activities Special Instruction
Read Information Sheet 1.1-1 Chose the different types of tools and
Geometric figures equipments’ and function, you can now
answer Self Check 1.1-1
Answer Self Check 1.1-1 Compare your answer with the answer key
Answer Key 1.1-1 1.1-1
Read Information Sheet 1.1-2 Familiarize the specification of pipes and

Architectural working drawing fittings, you can now answer Self Check 1.1-2
1.1-2
Read Information Sheet 1.1-3
Mechanical Symbols
1.1-3
INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-1

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Objectives; able to learn the student to draw a different lines and the
geometric figures
GEOMETRIC FIGURES
The geometric figures commonly used in drawing pictures are lines, angles,
triangles, quadrilaterals, regular polygons, circles and arcs and solids.
LINE - A line is a set of points. A portion of the line between two distinct
points is a called a line segment. The following are the different kinds of
lines.
1. Straight line. It is the shortest distance between two points.
2. Parallel lines. These are lines on the same plane which will not meet no
matter how long you extend them.
3. Perpendicular lines. These are two intersecting lines which form right
angles.
ANGLE - An angle is a figure formed by two rays with common end point.
Angles are classified according to their measures. The following are the
different kinds of angles.
1. Straight angle. It is an angle whose measure is 1800.
2. Right angle. It is an angle whose measure is 900.
Measuring Tools used for the purpose of measuring dimensions, measuring

tools are imperative for implementing any work with precision. The
measuring tools are also used largely for carrying out different types of
measurements.
Importance of measuring tools

Measuring tools are essential for examining a finished product or semi-
finished product. The inspection or examination operations include
checking, or testing an object based on the required dimensions given on a
diagram or a sketch. Again the measurements taken must be accurate.
Types of measuring tools

1. T-Square is used a guide in drawing horizontal lines and in measuring
up to 48” straight line.

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2. Triangles are used for drawing vertical and oblique lines. They are
usually made of celluloid or plastic and come in various sizes. The most
commonly used triangles are the 45º and the 30ºx 60º. Illustrations below
show the proper use of drawing lines and measuring angles using the T-
square and triangle.
3. Ruler is the most popular type of measuring tool. It is usually 6 or 12

inches in length. It is needed for measuring sizes and distances.

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4. Triangular Scale is used in general drawing. Its main purpose is to
reproduce the dimension in full size or to reduce or enlarge them on a
drawing.
5. Protractor is used for measuring and setting of angles other than those
obtainable with the triangles.

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6. Tape or tape ruler is a concave, spring-steel blade ranging from 1/4" to
1" wide and 6 to about 300 feet in length, coiled inside a carrying case.
Metric tape ruler comes in comparable widths and lengths up to 10 meters.
It provides an easy means for accurately measuring curved surfaces.
How to Take Care of Drafting Measuring Tools
Tools will last longer when properly kept and maintained. A good worker or
draftsman keeps and takes care of these tools. The following are some
pointers:
1. Be sure to inspect tools before using them. This is to check if they are in
working condition. This can be detected when there is ease and speed when
in use.
2. After using a tool, clean it thoroughly with a damp cloth. Wipe it dry with
another piece of cloth before keeping it.
3. When not in use, the T-square is preferably hung by inserting the hole to
a nail (attached to a wall) at the end of its blade.
4. Do not abuse or misuse any piece of drawing instruments.
5. Avoid throwing tool to anybody instead hand it over
6. Avoid setting off the distances individually by moving the scale to a new
position each time, because slight errors in the measurements may
accumulate and give rise to a large error.
7. Avoid unnecessary sliding of T-square or triangles across the drawing.
Pick up the triangle by their tips and tilt the T-square blade upward slightly
before moving.
8. Report defective tool and any hazard to instructor immediately.

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SELF CHECK 1.1-1
Instructions: Match Column A with Column B. Write only the letter of the
correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Column A Column B
1. A measuring tool used to layout
an angle or an arc. a. triangle
2. Most popular type of measuring
tools, usually 6 or 12 inches in length. b. steel tape
3. Its main purpose is to reproduce,
reduce or enlarge the dimension of size on a drawing. c. t-square
4. It is used for drawing vertical and
oblique lines. d. scale
5. It provides an easy means for accurately
measuring curved surfaces. e. ruler
ANSWER KEY
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1. c
2. b
3. d
4. a
5. e

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Objectives: Able to learn the architectural elements of working drawings.
ARCHITECTURAL WORKING DRAWINGS
The architectural working drawings together with the specifications are the
most important parts of the documents constituting the contract.
Information on the designs, locations, and dimensions of the elements of a
building is found on the architectural working drawings while information
on the quality of materials and workmanship is found in the specifications.
A good architectural working drawing gives the contractor the exact
information he needs. It should be clear, simple, and orderly arranged, and
accurately drawn so that scaled measurements will match with dimensions.
The finished drawings made by the architect, or draftsman and used by the
contractor are called architectural working drawings. The architectural
working drawings, together with the specifications and the general
conditions, form the legal contract between the owner and the contractor.
Since the working drawings are a major portion of the contract documents,
they should be very carefully drawn.
Students will be able to interpret, identify tools and materials used in
working drawings and fully understand the standard procedure in lay outing
and detailing architectural working plans and drawings.
Elements of Architectural working drawing

A complete architectural working drawing of a house generally includes the
following:
1. Architectural sheets
a. Sheet # 1 - Title page and index (Exterior perspective, site
development plan or plot plan, and vicinity map or location
plan is often included in the plan).
 Perspective is the view as seen by the eyes or it shows the
appearance of the finished building. This drawing represents the
actual form of the proposed building.
 Site development plan is the outline and measurements of the

proposed building and its placement on the property. it shows the
position and the location of the building with property line, setbacks,
approaches, grade contours, landscape and other pertinent data in
relation to the site. A site development plan is drawn using a scale not
smaller than 1:200meters.
 Location is the top view of the site or lot where the proposed house
will be built. It shows the position of the house inside the lot, the
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number of the adjacent lots, streets or lanes before or beside the lot,
and the North sign. The location plan is usually located near the title
block. The main line symbol of the North sign is generally parallel to
the side border line of the drawing paper and points upward.
SAMPLE BLUEPRINT OF A ONE-STOREY HOUSE

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 Title Page and Index generally includes title block, table of contents,
labels, and the name of the duly licensed and registered Geodetic
Engineer who approves the lot survey plans.
 Title Block in House Plan
The title block in house plans includes the following
information:
a. Owner’s name
b. Location or address of the proposed house

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c. Lot and block numbers
d. Signature of architect or civil engineer who approves the
e. plan
f. Draftsman’s name or initials
g. Date when plan was drawn or completed
h. Scale as shown
i. (See title block in sheet #1)

 b. Sheet # 2 – Floor plan, of a 2 Storey House. It includes the Ground
Floor Plan and Second Floor Plan) with complete Elevation.
 Floor plan is the top view of the floor area of a house. The
cutting plane line for this top view passes between the upper and
lower window sills. It represents the arrangement of rooms, doors,
windows and other features located in the floor plan.
 Elevation is the front or side view of a building. It shows the design of

the house, height dimension, materials finish and complete
information on specification.

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Self Check 1.1-2
Instruction: Read the question and choose the liter only write it in a
separate shit of paper.
1. It is the view as seen by the eyes or it shows the appearance of the
finished building.
a. title block
b. elevation
c. floor plan
d. perspective
2. It is the top view of the site or lot where the proposed house will be
built.
a. elevation
b. floor plan
c. location
d. title block
3. It is the outline and measurements of the proposed building and its

placement on the property.
a. site development plan
b. title Page and Index
c. location
d. elevation
4. It is the top view of the floor area of a house.

b. floor plan
c. location
d. elevation
5. It is the front or side view of a building. It shows the design of the

house, height dimension, materials finish and complete information
on specification.
b. floor plan
c. location
d. elevation

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Answer Key
1. d.
2. c
3. a
4. b
5. d

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Objectives: to learn the construction drafting of a water distribution and

sanitary drainage system of a building.
In construction drafting, a mechanical (or utility) plan normally includes

both water distribution and sanitary drainage systems combined, especially
on smaller buildings or houses. The plumbing layout is usually drawn into a
copy of the floor plan for proper orientation with existing plumbing
fixtures, walls and partition outlines, and other utility features. Figure 8-27
shows a typical plumbing layout. The reproduction is, unfortunately, too
small to be easily studied, but you can see that it uses the mechanical
symbols.

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The cold-water service line, which enters the building near the laundry
trays, is indicated by a broken dash-and-single- dot line, while the waste
pipes are indicated by solid lines. If you follow the cold-water service line,
you will see how it passes, first, a 1-in. main shutoff valve below the floor
and just inside the building wall. From here, it proceeds to a long pipe
running parallel to the building wall and hung under the floor joists, which
services, beginning at the right-hand end, the cold-water spigot in the sink,
the cold-water spigot in the laundry, the hot-water heater, the boiler for
the house heating system, the flushing system in the water closet (W.C.), the
cold-water spigot in the bathroom washbasin, and the cold-water spigot in
the bathtub. The below-the-floor line is connected to the spigots by vertical
RISERS. Valves at the hot-water heater and boilers are indicated by
appropriate symbols. From the hot-water heater, you can trace the hot-
water line (broken dash-and-double-dot line) to the hot-water spigots in the
sink, laundry, bathroom washbasin, and bathtub. This line is also hung
below the floor joists and connected to the spigots by risers.
You can see the waste line (solid line) for the bathtub, washbasin, and W.C.
(with traps indicated by bends) running under the floor from the bathtub by
way of the washbasin and W.C. to the 4-in. sanitary sewer. Similarly, you
can see the waste line from the laundry running to the same outlet.
However, the kitchen sink has its own, separate waste line. The bathroom
utilities waste lines vent through a 4-in. pipe running through the roof; the
sink waste line vents through a 2-in. pipe running up through the roof.
MECHANICAL SYMBOLS
As stated earlier in this chapter, the Engineering Aid is not expected to

design the system, but the main objective is to draw a work able plumbing
plan for use by the plumbing crew or any other interested parties. In order
to accomplish this, the EA must be familiar with the terms, symbols,
definitions, and the basic concepts of the plumbing trade.
As a rule, plumbing plans should show the location of the fixtures and

fittings to be installed and the size and the route of the piping. The basic
details are left to the plumber (UT), who is responsible for installing
a properly connected system according to applicable codes, specifications,
and good plumbing and construction practices. Generally, plumbing
plans consist of four types of symbols: piping, fittings, valves, and fixtures.

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PLUMBING BLUEPRINT SYMBOLS
Kitchen bath etc

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BATHROOM

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PIPES 1

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PIPES 2

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FITTINGS

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VALVES 1

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VALVES 2

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Self Check 1.1-3
Instruction: Write the name of this following symbols and write it in a
separate shit of paper
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Answer Key
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1. Faucet
2. Hose bibb
3. Water closet
4. Lavatory
5. Gate valve
6. Water meter
7. Shower
8. Kitchen sink
9. Floor drain
10. Clean out

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Learning Outcome 1
LAY-OUT PLUMBING PLAN

Drawing tools, materials and
equipment
Answer Self Check 1.2-1 Compare your answer with the answer
key 1.2-1
Operation Sheet 1.2-2
Read Information Sheet 1.2-2 Familiarize the specification of pipes and
Procedure in Setting up Drawing fittings, you can now answer Self Check
tools, Materials and Equipment and 1.2-2
standard procedure
key 1.2-2
Plumbing Lay-out Tips
key 1.2-3
Read Information Sheet 1.2-4 Draft
Water Distribution Systems
key 1.2-4
Read Information Sheet 1.2-5 The
water line layout
key 1.2-5
Operation Sheet 1.2-5a

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key 1.2-5
Read Information Sheet 1.2-5 Sanitary
and storm drainage 1.2-6
key 1.2-6
Read Information Sheet 1.2-7 The
drainage system
Environment Planning
key 1.2-8
Read Information Sheet 1.2-9 Fire
Extinguisher system
key 1.2-9
Objectives: To learn the drafting tools, materials and equipment
Drawing tools, materials and equipment

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This lesson is only a review of your prior learning in technical drawing
particularly on the proper use and care of drawing tools, materials and
equipment. The purpose of this discussion is to allow the students review
and recall its importance in the Drafting Technology works.
The Importance of Drawing tools, materials and equipment
a. Drawing/Drafting tools
These refer to the sets of tools that are used in all drafting works or
activities especially if the activity requires mechanical presentation. Prior to
the start of drafting activity, it is expected therefore that all drawing tools
needed must be available in the work station to ensure that the assigned
task can be accomplished according to customers or client’s standard.
The following are the common drafting tools

1. Drafting Table/Drawing Board (24” x 36” /0.61cm x 0.91cm)
2. T-Square (36” /0.915 cm. length)
3. Triangles -300 x 600 and 400 x 450 ((@ least 0.30 each length)
4. Triangular Scale – 1:100, 1:75 in range
5. Technical Pens/G-Tech pen/Pilot pen – (From point: 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3,
0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0)
6. Pencil Sharpener or Pen knife
7. Drawing Templates – Circular templates, Furniture template, Ellipse
template,
8. Protractor (medium size)
9. Dusting Brush
10. Sand paper pad (fabricated fine coarse sand paper
attached to wood or board pad)
11. Erasing shield

12. Pull-push rule
13. Drafting Light
b. Drawing/Drafting Materials
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These are sets of consumable items that are specifically used in drafting
works or activities. The draftsman cannot perform his drafting task without
these items.
The following are the required materials needed in drafting works:

1. Bond Paper (short and Long)
2. Tracing paper
3. A4 drawing paper
4. Drawing pencil – HB, F, 2H
5. Mechanical pencil – point 0.3, 0.5
6. Pen and Ink Eraser
7. Masking Tape
8. Ink (Staedler/Rotring)
9. Cartolina Paper
c. Equipment
These items are also essential in producing quality drafting output

especially if the assigned task requires mechanical manipulation. Although,
these items are so expensive, however, these are important in making the
drawing output presentable and convincing to the clients.
The following are some of the equipment needed in drafting task:
1. Drafting machine
2. Leroy Lettering Pen
3. Computer
SELF CHECK 1.2-1
Instruction. Enumerate the following. Write the answer on a separate sheet

of paper.
A. Five most common tools in drafting architectural layout and details

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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B. Four most needed materials in architectural layout and details.
1.
2.
3.
4.
C. Most important equipment in lay outing architectural and details.
1.
ANSWER KEY
Five most common tools in drafting architectural layout and details
1. T-Square
2. Drafting table/board
3. Technical Pen
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4. Triangle 300 x 600
5. Triangular Scale
Four most needed materials in architectural layout and details.
6. Tracing paper
7. Eraser
8. Masking tape
9. Mechanical Pencil
Most important equipment in lay outing architectural and details
10. Drafting machine
OPERATION SHEET 1.2-1
Randomly select fifteen (15) students from the class for a required activity
relative to tools, materials and equipment identification. Group them into
three (3) groups and allow them to choose their respective group leader. Put
a long table that could conveniently accommodate several sets of drawings
tools and materials in drafting.

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Activity:
1. In line formation, let the three groups to fall in line at least 2 meters
distance from the table where sets of tools and materials are displayed.
2. Give 10 minutes for each group to perform the activity by requiring each
member of the three groups to come forward as fast as he can and
immediately pick any tools from the table.
3. Demonstrate a non-verbal description that best explains the use of such
tools or materials. (See to it that all members are given the opportunity to do
the same as what had been done by the first member).
4. The students who were not included in the activity shall evaluate the
performance of each group.
Note: The group that will be declared champion shall be given 25 points
credit per member. While the second and third placers shall be given 20 and
15 points respectively.
Objective: To learn the procedure in setting up drawing tools, materials and

equipment and standard procedure
Procedure in Setting up Drawing tools, Materials and Equipment and

standard procedure
In preparation for a required task in drawing architectural layout and
details, a draftsman should plan, prepare, and select tools and materials for
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a particular planning layout. This is to ensure the correct setting of
standard procedure and accuracy of drawing plans. Some of the key tools
used in drafting architectural plans are described and illustrated in this
learning Outcome.
The drawing tools, materials and equipment are very expensive items,
however these are important in all drafting tasks. Considering its cost and
value in drafting activity, it is also important to take care and maintain its
usability.
With this, the following considerations are strictly emphasized as Standard
Operating Procedure during and after the utilization of the drafting tools,
materials and equipment:
A. Before the start of drafting activity:

1. Select the tools, materials and equipment which are needed in the
assigned task.
2. Properly set up the required tools and materials in a place which is
convenient for you to move and execute your work.
3. Clean the table and tools, see to it that these are free from the dust and
other elements that would cause damage to your work.
4. Wash your hand with clean water.
B. Activity proper:
1. Perform the activity by following the standard operating procedure per job
requirement.
2. Properly manipulate all the tools and equipment that are
used in the activity.
3. In case of meeting an errors or mistakes along the way of activity ( for
instance misprinting of lines, letters, and other forms of mistakes) use
appropriate eraser for a particular mistakes.
C. After the activity:

1. Submit your output to your teacher for checking
2. Check all the tools and materials to ensure that nothing has lost.
3. Return the tools and materials to the assigned tool keeper for
safekeeping.

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4. Withdraw your borrower’s card from the tool keeper to as document that
you have returned the borrowed tools and materials.
5. Clean your work station before leaving.
Other important Practices that must be observed in the work station or

work place
There are important practices that must be observed in the work setting.
The following are:
1. Observe safety precautions:
a. Never smoke inside the work station
b. Never use any tools and equipment without having it clean first.
c. Avoid talking with your co-students during working period.
d. Always turn off the lights, air condition, ceiling fan, computer units,
and other equipment before leaving the work station.
40
e. Maintain cleanliness in the work station.
f. Use tools and equipment properly.
2. Observe punctuality of attendance.

3. Avoid making quarrel with your co-students.
4. Observe and practice the value of respect.
5. Return the borrowed tools and equipment on time.
6. Observe and practice proper disposal of waste.
SELF CHECK 1.2-2
Instructions: Enumerate the following. Write the answers on a separate

sheet of paper
A. Identify six drafting tools and materials to be prepared before drawing.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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6.
B. Give at least four steps for fastening the drawing paper.
1.
2.
3.
4.
C. Cite at least five steps in setting-up drafting tools, materials and

equipment.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
ANSWER KEY
A.
1. T-Square
2. Drawing board/Table
3. Tracing paper
4. Triangles
5. Technical Pen
6. Masking tape
B.
7. Prepare a masking tape

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8. Cut 4 pcs. of at least 1” long
9. Press the head of the T-square with the left hand while the paper is
adjusted with the right hand. Do this until the top edge coincides with the
upper edge of the T-square.
10. Fasten the upper left corner and then the lower right corner and finally
the remaining corners with the use of masking tape of the Paper should.
C.
11. Check the working area
12. Prepare all the needs tools and materials
13. Wipe with clean rags all the tools and equipment
14. Check the functionality of all tools needed
15. Sharpen all the pencil

Objective: To learn the different plumbing lay-out tips
Plumbing Plan/Layout
Water and Sewage System Plan

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Plumbing Plan is the complete drawing detail of water and sewage
distribution.
Water System Plan is the drawing of flow of water in the house from main
water source.
Sewage System Plan is the drawing flow of sewage from the house
to main canal and septic tank.
Storm Drainage System, and Septic Tank Detail

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Storm Drainage System shows the flow of water waste from the lavatory,
floor drain, and downspout from roof to storm drainage.
Septic Tank it is the depository of human excreta and a drainage reservoir

for all washing done in the kitchen and bathroom. The main section of
septic tank is the digestive chamber and the leaching well.

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Plumbing Layout Tips

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The plumbing system is one essential component that must be planned and
laid out well in order to avoid problems in the future. It is important to get it
right from the start which is during planning the layout of the building.
Below are a few helpful insights if you plan to do the layout yourself.
Selecting A Sewerage System
The sewage system is part of plumbing wherein it carries out the collection
of waste water produced in the house. It must be planned well since any
complication can be a problem to the entire system as well as to the
plumbing system. There are 3 common types of sewerage system to go with
as mentioned below.
Combined System - This uses a universal system for surface water such as rain
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from gutter and nearby surfaces as well as for waste water from the house.
Separate System - This uses 2 separate systems, one for surface water and
another for waste water.
Partially Separate System - A portion of collected water whether surface water or

waste water is carried through sewers and others through drains.
Selecting a sewerage system would likely depend on the available sewerage and
drainage systems near you like if you can access the main sewerage system of the
city or if you are nearby natural bodies of water like rivers and lakes where you can
dispose surface water. Consult experts about drainage and sewerage plumbing
Bays water codes allow.
Selecting A Plumbing System
Just like the sewerage system, there are several types of plumbing systems
to go with. Check each of them and determine the suitable one for your
house.
One-pipe system - Basically, all waste water from all sorts of sources are
collected into one pipe and connected to the local sewerage system. The
system is also complete ventilated which is to preserve the water seal.
One-pipe / partially ventilated system - There pipes also run down to

distribution pipes and waste water is also collected by one pipe system but
there's a relief vent to discharge and ventilate the water closer.
Two-pipe system - Collected waste water is distributed to two dumps

which is the sewerage system and the soil pipe. Appliances' traps are also
ventilated.
Single stack system - All collected waste water is discharged to the soil
pipe system. Basically the one-pipe system without the trap.
Partially ventilated single stack system - Have one soil pipe, all waste
discharge of appliances are ventilated and goes to the trap.
Selecting the right one would be like the sewerage system as well, you need
to identify the available options. Soil pipe waste water distribution for

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Jovener B,
example would require a relatively large area for it to be effective. If there's a
nearby waste water collection via a sewerage system then you can perhaps
go with the two-pipe system which is common in urban areas. Eventually
you need to consult the experts about it. Make sure you follow codes about
sewerage and plumbing Bays water applies to avoid penalties and other legal
matters.
Planning floor traffic through your home can greatly increase

convenience. You will have to take into account how your house is
situated, the view, terrain, size etc. The traffic flow will never be
perfect, but try to follow as many of the floor plans guidelines below as
you can. Shown is a very simple one story floor plans layout with floor
traffic flow arrows. Your floor plans layout may not be this simple but
you'll get the idea.
The distance from the garage to the kitchen of the house is direct and
short.
The foyer is centrally located and convenient to all parts of the house.
All bedrooms are close to a bath.
Few rooms of a house have floor traffic planned through them.
Pay attention to space relationships. (Dining room in relation to
kitchen).
Try to separate the living room from the kitchen of the house if there is a
family room.
It is usually advisable to locate the laundry near the kitchen of the
house so you can do laundry while working or relaxing in the kitchen.
In recent years it has become quite common to locate the laundry on the
second floor of the house, near the bedrooms of the house.
There should be a closet near all entry doors of the house.

Developed by:
Jovener B,
Developed by:
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SELF CHECK 1.2-3
Instruction. Read the questions carefully choose the liter only and write it
your separate paper.
1. This uses 2 separate systems, one for surface water and another for waste
water.
a. single stack system
b. combined system
c. one-pipe system
d. separate System
2. All collected waste water is discharged to the soil pipe system.

b. two-pipe system
c. one-pipe system
d. separate System
3. Collected waste water is distributed to two dumps which is the

sewerage system and the soil pipe.
b. two-pipe system
c. one-pipe system
d. separate System
4. Basically, all waste water from all sorts of sources are collected into
one pipe and connected to the local sewerage system.
b. two-pipe system
c. one-pipe system
d. combined system
5. This uses a universal system for surface water such as rain from gutter and
nearby surfaces as well as for waste water from the house.
b. two-pipe system
c. one-pipe system
d. combined system

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ANSWER KEY
1. d
2. a
3. b
4. c
5. d

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Objective: To be learn the draft water distribution system of a building
Draft Water Distribution Systems
An understanding of the plumbing system is important to the designer or

draftsman. Although plumbing plans may be omitted on small residential
dwellings, they are always included in larger projects for small residences;
the plumbing layout is left to the contractor or the owner to decide.
A plumbing system performs two major functions which are ;

1. For Water Distribution
2. Sewage Disposal
Water distribution systems, whether hot or cold, are distributed by pipes

from the source to the house. Amenities as discussed earlier, when tracing
the path of the supply of water and fixtures fittings, the architectural
designer uses symbols to indicate the distribution system and the different
fixtures. The water distribution system is shown in an elevation, on plan
and on isometric using the different symbols, hence this is called a
schematic drawing.
In drawing the layout, here are the common symbols used for cold water line
and sanitary layout.
Plan/Pictorial Symbol

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SANITARY & PLUMBING SYMBOLS LEGEND/ABBREVIATION
Water Closet WC
……………………………………………..
Vent at Ceiling VAC
…………………………………………..
Vent Stack thru Roof VSTR
…………………………………..
Cold Water Line
Hot Water Line
Concrete Drain Pipe CDP
……………………………………
Cast Iron Soil Pipe CISP
……………………………………..
Down Spout DS
……………………………………………..
Cast Iron Vent Stack CISS
…………………………………..
Cast Iron Vent Stack CIVS
…………………………………..
Vent At Ceiling VAC
………………………………………….
Vent Stack Thru Roof VSTR
…………………………………
Catch Basin CB
……………………………………………..
Junction Box JB
…………………………………………….
Water Meter WM
………………………………………………
Galvanize Iron Pipe Water Line GIPWL
……………………..
Cold Water Riser CWR
………………………………………..
Cold Water Down Feed CWDF
………………………………..
Fire Line FL
………………………………………………
…..
Deck Drain DD
……………………………………………….
Canopy Drain CD

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……………………………………………
Sprinkle Riser SPR
……………………………………………
Dry Stand Pipe Riser DSPR
…………………………………..
Fire Hose Cabinet FHC
………………………………………
Lavatory LAV.
………………………………………………
…..
Water Closet WC
……………………………………………..
Floor Drain FD
……………………………………………….
Clean Out CO
………………………………………………
…

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ISOMETRIC DIAGARM

Developed by:
Jovener B,
Developed by:
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Sample of Plumbing Lay-out

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Construction of the Septic tank
Size of the Septic tank
For a family of 6 persons, the minimum tank capacity should be

approximately 1.3 cubic meters with a minimum by 150 centimeters long
and 120 centimeters depth. A very large tank is not advisable, because the
bacterial activities would be retarded. The size of tank is proportionally
based on the number of persons expected to be served.
Data in Determining Volume of Septic Tank;

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Minimum width ……………………………. 90 cm
Minimum length ……………………………. 150 cm
Minimum depth …………………………….. 120 cm
For residential building to serve larger number of people, allocate .. 0.14 to

0.17 cu.m of liquid per person
For small residential to serve up to 12 persons, the chamber should have a

liquid content of not more than ………………………………………….. 2.0 cubic
meters
For school, commercial and industrial establishment, the volume of the

septic tank should not be less than …………………………………
……………………………………. .057 cu.m,n or
more than ……………………… .086 cu.m./pesrson
SYMBOL ELEVATION PICTORIAL

Double Brach Elbow – DBL EL
Straight Cross - STX
Safety valve – SFTY V
Gate Valve – GT V

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Hand Valve – HND V
Pipe Outlet Up - P
Pipe Outlet Down - P
Coupling - CPLG
Elbow 90° - EL
Elbow 45° - EL
Tee 90° - T
Lateral 90° - LAT
Clean Out - CO
Reducer - RED
Flanged Fittings – FL FT
Screwed Fittings – SC FT
Bell and Spigot Fittings –

BL/SP FT
Welded Fitting – WLD FT

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Soldered Fitting – SLD FT
Expansion Joint – EXP JT
Motor Operated Vehicle –

MOP V
Meter – M
Floor Drain - FD
Cess Pool – CP
Dry Well - DW
Septic Tank – SEP TNK
SEPTIC – TANK Distribution

Box – SEP TANK DIS BX
SUMP PIT - SP
SELF CHECK 1.2-4
Instruction. Draw the symbols for the following terms on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Faucet
2. Hose bibb
3. Water closet
4. Lavatory
5. Gate valve
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6. Water meter
7. Shower
8. Kitchen sink
9. Floor drain
10. Clean out
ANSWER KEY
1.
2.
3.

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4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Instruction: Draft a water line layout for a Toilet and Bath

Procedure:
1. From the given plan of a T&B, let each student indicate the location of
bathroom fixtures by drawing the symbols of each on the place where they
think is the best location.

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2. In as much as the kitchen is adjacent to the toilet and bath, naturally the
source of water supply comes from that direction. Let the students draw the
layout of the water supply line to the different fixtures they have identified.
3. Let the students draw on the water supply line to indicate the pipe fittings
used and the different fixtures and the water flow.

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4. After highlighting the pipe fittings used and indicated the water supply
source and its flow, darken the supply line and indicate the pipe and fixture
specifications by writing them beside the fixtures as indicated by the arrow.
Then, let them write down the legend for identification.
Objective: To be learn the water line layout and sanitary

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The Water Line Layout
The water distribution system is the network of pipes and fittings for
conveying water to the plumbing fixtures while the system of pipes and
fittings for carrying off wastes is referred to as sanitary installation
A typical diagram of the plumbing system of a single detached one storey
dwelling units.
A TYPICAL PLUMBING SYSTEM
The building water entrance pipe is connected to the main water main long
the street by means of a corporation cock, if the water is supplied by the
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community. The amount of water passing thru the water service is
measured by the water meter. If water service is supplied thru a deep well, a
water meter is not necessary. From this, the water pipes branch out to the
fixtures inside the residential unit requiring water.
Clean water lines are represented on plan by a visible line and two dashes,
while sanitary lines are represented by a bold continuous line. The fixtures
are indicated by their common symbols. Storm drainage lines are drawn
with two invisible lines that run parallel to each other. While vent pipes are
bold hidden lines.
The operation of the basic plumbing system is readily understood through
the diagram shown here;
To get water to a structure for use by the tenants and to remove sewage and
unwanted water is the purpose of a plumbing system.
A SAMPLE PLUMBING LAYOUT

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Jovener B,
Developed by:
Jovener B,
Developed by:
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WATER PIPES AND FITTINGS REQUIRED FOR INSTALLING COMMONLY
USED PLUMBING FIXTRURES
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A typical installation of a water distribution using PVC pipes with G.I. Pipes
for in-house is done with PVC pipes adapter fittings. To obtain watertight
joints, solvent cement is applied.
uPVC ADAFTER FITTING FOR uPVC-TO-GALVANIZED IRON WATER

PIPING CONNECTORS

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Procedure: From the plan shown, let the student indicate the location of
water fixtures by drawing their symbols on the place they think is the most
suitable location for each. Let the students indicate the water supply source
from the street water branch.

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2. After locating and indicating the location of the fixtures, let the students
draw the water line connection from the water source. The students will also
indicate the position of the water meter and the check valve based on their
layout and the source of water supply.

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3. The pipe fittings and the fixtures are then drawn on the water line layout
to show the different kinds of fittings use, and write down the specifications
of the material used.

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4. After indicating and writing down the material used for the pipe and
fittings, the students now darkens the water layout and write down the
abbreviations on the fixtures together with the legend to distinguish the
different water fixtures.
LEGEND:
F Faucet
GV Gate Valve
HB Hose Bibb
WM Water Meter
WC Water Closet
SHO Shower Head
LAV Lavatory
GIP Galvanized Iron Pipe

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SELF CHECK 1.2-5
Instructions: From the plan shown below, sketch a clean water line layout.
Required:
1 faucet
1 shower head
1 lavatory
1 water closet

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OPERATION SHEET 1.2-5a
Draft Water Distribution Systems (Isometric)

Procedure:
1. From the preceding water line layout, determine which axis is to be used
to present the diagram
2. Indicate the height of water fixtures according to scale ratio used and
based on accepted architectural standards.

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3. Layout water distribution system and indicate location of fittings fixtures.

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4. Finalize drawing and draw legend
SELF CHECK 1.2-5a

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Instructions: From the plumbing layout drawn, draft the isometric plumbing
diagram. Use standard height.

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Objective: Te be learn about sanitary and storm drainage system
Sanitary and Storm Drainage
Wastewater is discharged by gravity through the disposal system. All pipes

in this system therefore must slant in a downward direction so the weight of
the waste will cause it to move down. Because of this gravity flow, waste
lines are larger than water lines. The stacks are the vertical lines while the
branches are the horizontal lines. Vents are also provided for air circulation
and to permit sewer gases to escape thru the roof. This equalizes the air
pressure in the drainage system.
The wastewater flows starting at the fixture trap, which is provided to stop
gases from entering the building and each fixture has a separate trap or seal
to prevent backflow of sewer gas, through the fixture branches to the main
sewer line.
Waste stacks carry only wastewater while solid wastes runs thru the soil
lines, which are the largest in the system and are flushed with water after
each use.
Piping systems are vital to modern society. Some systems may be complex;
others may be simple such as in a residential dwelling unit. But they share
some common elements, whether they are steel, plastic, copper pipes or
tubing.
Sanitary and storm drainage for residential dwelling are either wrought –
iron pipes, PVC pipes and for drainage is either concrete pipe or PVC pipe.
The more common today is the UPVC pipe.
Polyvinyl pipe and fittings are available in commercial length of 3.0 meters
and also available in schedule 40 and 80. They are usually assembled with
slip joint fittings and solvent, both PVC and CPVC pipes are commonly
available in sizes ranging from ½’ to 4” inside diameter.
The sanitary and Storm Drainage System.
The sanitary installation is referred to as the network of pipes and fittings
that carry off wastes and each plumbing fixture is titled with the appropriate
pipe and fitting. The discharges are conveyed to the septic vault.
The storm drainage system, on the other hand, consists of pipes, fittings,
catch basins, area drain and is intended for getting rid off water from the
building roof and its surrounding and is conveyed to the street sewer. The
storm drainage is considered part of the plumbing system.
The pipe used for sanitary and storm drainage most common to
homeowners and contractors are the plastic pipe or PVC pipes and the
concrete pipe for area drain.
The Sewage Disposal System

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Absence of a good sewage disposal system can result to contamination of
water and water-borne diseases. It is important to value a good disposal
system.
There are different types of sewage disposal system, from the old to the more
scientific ones;
1. Cesspool
2. Privy
3. Septic Tank
4. Public Sewer line
The sanitary system is of two types; the intercepting and the tributary or
contributing sewer. The intercepting type is constructed with concrete pipes
while the tributary sewer is laid in an open trench and is made of vitrified
clay or bricks.

Developed by:
Jovener B,
Developed by:
Jovener B,
Developed by:
Jovener B,
Developed by:
Jovener B,
Developed by:
Jovener B,
The Septic Tank
The septic system converts solid wastes into liquid by bacterial action, the
wastes flow into a septic tank some distance away from the house. The
liquid waste flows thru to the sewer line while the sludge remains at the
digestion chamber of the tank.
The size and type of the system varies according to the number of people
served, the contour and soil type.
The septic tank is a receptacle for organic wastes from the house sewer. The
septic tank decomposes the elements contained in a raw sewage. It
combines two processes; sedimentation and anaerobic decomposition or the
sludge. As organic washes are decomposed, the septic tank produces gases
in the process, such as methane gas.
The septic tank is constructed with reinforced concrete, and it should be
located at a safe distance from the source of potable water, and it should
also be airtight.

Developed by:
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Developed by:
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The Typical detail of a Septic Tank

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SELF CHECK 1.2-6
Instruction: Write down the abbreviations of the following terms on a

separate sheet of paper.
Terms:
1. Concrete pipe
2. Catch basin
3. Area drain
4. Septic vault
5. Galvanized iron pipe
6. Wrought iron pipe
7. Vent stack thru roof
8. Polyvinyl chloride
9. Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride
10. Outside diameter

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Jovener B,
ANSWER KEY
1. CP
2. CB
3. AD
4. SV
5. GIP
6. WIP
7. VSTR
8. PVC
9. CPVC
10. OD

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(Layout)
Procedure
1. With the given floor plan, you are supposed to draw the sanitary layout
for this housing unit. You are to indicate first where you would locate your
septic vault outside the building.

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2. After locating the place where you would construct your septic vault,
draw and indicate the location of the different storm drainage fixtures.

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3. Let the students indicate the location of the different sanitary fixtures by
drawing their symbols on the area where they are best located. Then draw
the layout, connecting all these fixtures and to the septic vault with the
sewer line connecting to the street sewer.

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Jovener B,
4. The student, after drawing the layout, will now indicate the different pipes
and fittings used by drawing their symbols on the sewer line layout and
write down also the material specification for the fixtures used.

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Objective: To be learned the drainage system
The drainage system
The drainage system is sometimes referred to as the DWV or the drainage,

the waste and the vent system. The construction and installation of this
must conform to the provisions of the building and plumbing code.
Some of the general requirements are as follows;
1. Pipes must be fitted and tightly connected to avoid leakage.
2. Ventilation must convey gases to the atmosphere
3. Each fixture must be provided with a suitable trap to prevent backflow
or gases
4. The fixture must be re-vented to avoid siphoning of the water seal.
5. Drainage pipes should be graded properly or slope
6. Drainage pipes should be provided with adequate clean out.
The waste pipe which receives the discharge of any fixture except water
should be installed at 2% or 20mm slope per meter run. The size of the
waste pipe is to be considered in the installation as this pipe serves fixture
discharges. And when the pipe must be opened in case of trouble, a clean-
out should also be installed and must be accessible to the plumber.
Slope or Pitch
The soil pipe receives and conveys drainage of water closets and other
fixtures to the house drain. It should be properly concealed or embedded
and should be placed in a manner that the branches should be as short as
possible. As a rule, it should extend and terminate through the roof of the
building.

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THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM

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Ventilation
In the plumbing system, it refers to the part which maintains a balanced

atmospheric pressure inside the pipes. They are commonly referred to as
vent. The functions are:
1. To prevent loss or trap seal
2. To prevent retardation of flow of liquids
3. To prevent deterioration of pipes.
There are different kinds of ventilation used. They are

1. Main soil and waste vent
2. Main vent
3. Individual vent
4. Unit vent
5. Circuit or loop vent
6. Relief vent
7. Yoke vent
8. Wet vent
9. Looped vent
10. Local vent
11. Utility vent
All of these however can be grouped into two types namely; main soil and
waste vent and the main vent.

Developed by:
Jovener B,
Developed by:
Jovener B,
Instruction: Draft a septic vault.
Procedure:
1. Look at the table for recommended sizes of septic vaults. See if the
number of persons in the household fits in the data for recommended size of
vault.
2. Take down the measurements: width, height and length. Transfer such
measurement on your drawing paper.
3. Draw the outline of the septic vault with your pencil using light guidelines
only. As you draw the outline, draw also the thickness of the sides of the
septic vault.

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Jovener B,
4. Indicate also the location of the manhole and the manhole cover.
After drawing the outline and re-checked your measurements, write down
your dimensions and you are ready to draw the reinforcing bars. You may
draw your rebars covering the whole area of the vault or you can have a
portion of it only.

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6. Draw the vertical and horizontal bars for the reinforcement of the septic
vault. The standard distances and size of the rebars are 12mm Ø for vertical
bars and 10mmØ for horizontal bars. For the slabs on top of it would be
10mm Ø spaced at 20cm on both ways of the slab.

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7. Draw only the portion you wish to show the detail of the reinforcements.
Indicate now the inlet valve, its position or location and its size, together
with the outlet valve.
8. From the plan you have already drawn, project dimensions downward
and draw a longitudinal section of your septic vault . Remember the
thickness and measurements of the plan should be the same as your
section.

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Jovener B,
9. With the data on its depth you have gathered, layout the depth of the
septic vault, including its foundation and footing. Indicate the location of
your inlet and outlet valves which should have a distance from the bottom of
the slab of about 30 cm. for the air space and the water level.
10. Draw vertical and horizontal bars on the sides and on the footing.
11. Review the drawing, its dimensions and measurements. Finalize the
drawing by darkening the lines with a technical pen. Write down the
material specifications and construction notes.
0.30 X 0.30 Manhole Cover

10mm φ Reinforcing bars @ 0.20 O.C. bothways
12mm φ vertical bars @ 1.20 O.C. bothways
5” THK CHB

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Jovener B,
Objective: Te learn to plan the environment of a building which the user can
be safe as possible.
Environment Planning
An objective conceptual planning is to create an environment in which the

user can be as safe as possible. Many of the accidents that frequently occur
in homes, schools, offices and elsewhere are due to the facility design and to
user errors. Safety considerations applicable to all architectural systems
must be considered such as fire protection and alarm system. The provision
of fire sprinkler and alarm as embodied in the National Building Code and
Fire Code of the Philippines should be implemented.
Requirements for fire safety

a. There must be at least two means of exit in every residential
room (such as a doorway or window)
b. Exit doors must be at least 0.60 m wide.
c. Occupied rooms must be accessible.
d. All door locking devices must be easily disengaged from the
inside by quick release catches.
e. The path of travel from any room to an exit must not be through
another room subject to locking.
f. Passages from sleeping rooms to exits must be at least 0.90
wide.
g. Stairs must be at least 0.90 m wide
h. Every sleeping room must have at least a window which

can be easily opened from the inside.
i. Storm windows, screens, burglar guards must have quick
opening devices
j. Combustion heaters and stoves must not be located to
block escape in case of malfunction.
Building Classifications:
Building code requirements vary as to such factors as type of occupancy,
building contents, type of construction, location and fire extinguishing
system. The code permits “trade offs” between these classifications with the
goal of obtaining public safety as can. 35

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Classification by Occupancy
1. Assembly
2. Educational
3. Institutional
4. Residential
5. Mercantile
6. Offices
7. Industrial
8. Storage
Classification by Content
1. Ordinary Hazard Content
2. Extra Hazard Content
3. Light Hazard Content
Classification by construction type

1. Type I – Fire resistive construction
2. Type II – Heavy timber construction
3. Type III – Non combustible construction
4. Type IV – Ordinary construction
5. Type V – Wood frame construction
Classification by location
Buildings constructed in closely packed communities are threat to the
general public than buildings located in an open area. Thereof, building
codes establish fire limits or fire zones within the limits of a fire zone. All
buildings must be designed so that a fire will remain contained.
SELF CHECK 1.2-8

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Test I. Direction: Write A if the statement is correct and write B if the
statement is incorrect.
Use a separate sheet of paper.
1. There must be at least two means of exit in every residential room.
2. Exit doors must be at least 0.30 m wide.
3. Passages from sleeping rooms to exits must be at least 0.40 m wide.
4. Every sleeping room must have at least a window which can be easily
opened from the inside.
5. Storm windows, screens, burglar guards must have quick opening devices
Test II. Direction: Match column A with column B. Write the letters only.
Building Classification
Column A Column B
1. 1. Fire Resistive A. Classification by Content
2. 2. Educational B. Classification by Occupancy
3. 3. Ordinary Hazard C. Classification by Construction type
4. Offices
5. Non combustible
6. Residential
7. Extra Hazard
8. Heavy timber
9. Ordinary
10. Industrial
ANSWER KEY
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Jovener B,
1. 1 C
2. B
3. A
4. B
5. c
6. B
7. A
8. C
9. C
10. B

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Jovener B,
Objective: To be learned to install the sprinkler in a building
Fire Extinguishing System
Building codes often require automatic water-sprinkler systems, for they

give excellent fire protection in all types of buildings.
A sprinkler system consists of a network of piping placed under the ceiling.
It is provided with a number of nozzles called sprinklers when activated, the
sprinklers spray water in a hemispherical pattern.
Types of Sprinkler Systems

1. Fixed Temperature System is classified into two kinds:
a. Wet Pipe refers to when water is stored in the piping
b. Dry Pipe refers to when no water is in the pipe
2. Rate-of-Rise Sprinkler System. Detectors open valves upon any
abnormal increase of temperature. It is also classified as:
a. Deluge System is used for extra hazard condition
b. Pre – Action System is used to reduce the possibility of
accidental water damage
Sprinkler Layout
The layout of a sprinkler system is classified into three types:

1. Light Hazard is where protection area per sprinkler does not exceed
200 sq.ft.
2. Ordinary Hazard is where protection area per sprinkler does not
exceed 130 sq. ft.
3. Extra Hazard is where protection area per sprinkler does not exceed
90 sq.ft.
Standpipes are vertical water pipes with fire-hose outlets at each floor. They
are located so that any fire can be reached by a stream from not more 75’ of
small hose or 100’ of large hose.
SELF CHECK 1.2-9

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Instruction: Locate the position of fire alarm system
1. Locate the position of the fire sprinklers.
2. Locate the position of the standpipes

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3. Finalize the fire sprinkler system by drawing a diagram connecting the
fixtures.
4. Finalize the fire protection system by drawing a diagram connecting the

fixtures from the water source.

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ANSWER KEY 3.2
1. Locate the position of the fire sprinklers.

fixtures.

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fixtures from the water source.

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TASK SHEET 1.1-2
Title : PREPARING COPPER PIPE FOR INSTALLATION
Performance Objective: To be able to learn to install the cooper pipe
Supplies : Copper pipe/Lead free/Soldering Paste
Equipment : Torch
Steps/Procedure:
1. Cuts the copper tubing to a desired length.

2. cleans the inside of the fitting and removes a thin oxide layer, exposing bare, shiny
copper.
3. Used sandpaper used to clean exterior of the pipe and wipe clean cloth.
4. Pot soldering paste used to prevent the copper from oxidizing during soldering and
remove any fat residues from pipe/fitting surface.
5. Start heating the fittings together the pipe using blow torch.
6. Wet a few minutes until the copper heat then pot lead free to joint the pipe and
fittings together.
7. Wipe the pipe using clean cloth.
8. Used PPE according to the job.
Assessment Method:
Observation
Task Sheet 1.2-2

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Performance Criteria Checklist
Trainee‘s Name__________________________ Date ______________
Remarks
Criteria YES NO
1. Tools, materials and equipment used are suited to the job

requirement
2. Correct used of tools and equipment is observed
3. Steps and procedure are strictly followed
4. PPE is used according to job requirements
5. 5S is properly implemented
Comments/Suggestions:
Trainer: ___________________________ Date: ________

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Learning Outcome 1
PREPARE WORKING DRAWING
Read Information Sheet 1.3-1 Floor

plan features
Answer Key 1.3-1 1.3-1

Scales
1.3-2
Objective: To learn to read the floor plan of a building

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FLOOR PLAN FEATURES
Floor plan is the top cross-sectional view of the floor area of a house. The
horizontal cutting plane line for this top view passes between the upper and
lower window sills or one meter above the floor line. It shows the size and
arrangement of the rooms. It also presents the sizes and locations of the
stairs, door and windows openings, and partitions and walls. Sometimes it
includes the kind of furnishings in each room. However, the materials
required for constructing permanent or integral parts of each room such as
bedroom closets, kitchen cabinets, etc., should also be accounted for in the
bill of materials.
In multi-storey buildings, a separate floor plan is drawn for each floor level
when the layout of the room is not in each floor. However, when two or more

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floor levels have the same arrangement and features, one typical floor plan
representing all the identical floors will suffice to be drawn.
Room Requirements and pointers in planning a floor plan

1. Living Room is the center of the living area in most homes. It should be
centrally located and should be adjacent to the outside entrance and to the
dining area, but the entrance should not lead directly into the living room.
Recommended sizes should be at least 2.00m x 3.00 small, 3.7m. x 5.5m.
average or optimum size would be 6.1 x 7.9 m. in rectangular shape.
2. Bedroom is a room for sleeping and taking rest of the family. Ideal
number of rooms for low cost housing should be two bedrooms, master’s
bedroom and bedroom. Preferably, there should be a toilet and bath in
master’ bedroom and a built-in cabinets or closets.
3. Dining Area is the area where greatly depend on eating habits of the
occupants. This should be located between the living room and kitchen.
Its size and shape are determined by the size of the family.
4. Kitchen is the place for preparation of food and connecting the work
triangle area for storage and mixing center, preparation and cleaning center
and cooking center. There should be a storage hanging kitchen cabinet with
a minimal width of 0.60 meter.
Types of Kitchen
1. U-shaped kitchen
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2. . L-shaped type

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3. Corridor type
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5. Bathroom is where the toilet and tub or shower are separated to save
economically in plumbing. As much as possible keep the toilet near the
kitchen. The bath and toilet must be near the bedrooms, accessible to the
living room even without passing through other rooms. The toilet and bath
are generally located between bedrooms. In a two-storey residential house,
the bedrooms, toilet, and bath are often located on the second floor. In this
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case, the stair must go up from the living room or hall if there is any. The
stair is generally L or U-shaped and has a landing.
Bathroom Doors and Windows Bathroom door could be small as 55-60 cm.
except for utility bathroom which requires not less than 70.cm. wide to allow
passage of equipment as required. In general, bathroom wall contain only
one door.
6. Entrances Entrance is divided into several different types; the main
entrance, the service entrance, and the special- purpose entrance. The
entrance is composed of an outside waiting area like the porch, marquee or
lanai and an inside waiting area like foyer or entrance hall. It provides for
and controls the flow of traffic into and out of a building.
The main entrance provides access to the house. It is the one through which
guests are welcomed and from which all major traffic patterns radiate. The
main entrance should be readily identifiable. It should provide shelter to
anyone awaiting entrance.
The service entrance provides access to the house through which supplies
can be delivered to the service areas going through other parts of the house.
It should also provide access to parts of the service area like the garage,
laundry or workshop.

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The special-purpose entrances and exits do not provide for outside traffic.
Instead they provide for movement from the inside living area of the house
to the outside living areas. A sliding door from the living area to the patio is
a special-purpose entrance. It is not an entrance through which street,
drive, or sidewalk traffic would have an access.
7. Garage and Carports.
A garage is an enclosed structure designed primarily to shelter an

automobile. It may be used for many secondary purposes – as a workshop,
as a laundry, or for storage space. It is usually attached to the house in
some manner to provide a sheltered entry.
A carport is a garage with one or more of the exterior walls removed. It may
consist of a free-standing roof completely separate from the house, or it may
be built against the existing walls of the house.

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SELF CHECK 1.3-1
Instruction: A. Multiple Choice: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter
of the answer and write it on a separate sheet of paper.
1. A part of the house where sometimes used for eating and relaxing.
a. porch b. living area c. bedroom d. dining area
2. It provides for and controls the flow of traffic into and out of a building.
a. special purpose exit b. door c. entrance d. exit door

3. This room is generally located between the bedrooms.
a. Bathroom b. dining area c. kitchen d. foyer
4. This has an access to kitchen and living room.
a. Bathroom b. dirty kitchen c. dining hall d. dining area
B. Enumeration: Identify the following.

a. Types of kitchen
5.
6.
7.
b. Fixtures in kitchen “work triangle”.
8.
9.
10.

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ANSWER KEY

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Objective: To learn the appropriate skill in drawing a floor plan
Scales
The architectural draftsman normally uses an architect’s scale for reducing

and enlarging the scale size measurement. There are two system of
measurement, Metric system and English system.
Metric System
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Always remember that the smallest the number used in metric scale, the
bigger the size in the triangular scale whereas, the largest the number used
the smallest size of actual measurement.
1:05 m. 1: 100 m.
1:10 m. 1: 200 m.
1:20 m. 1: 300 m.
1: 30 m. 1: 400 m.
1: 40 m. 1: 500 m.
1: 50 m. 1: 600 m.
1:75 m. 1:1000m.
Note: The scale of 1:1000 m. or more is being used in Lot Plan and other
topographical drawings.
Full size scale

The 1:1 is a full size scale and each division measures 1 mm. in width with
the numbering of the calibrations at 10mm intervals. This same scale is
convenient for ratios of 1:10, 1:100, and 1:1000
Half size Scale

The 1:2 is one-half size scale and each division is equals to 2 mm. with the
calibration numbering at 20-unit intervals. In addition, this scale is
convenient for ratios of 1:20, 1:200, and 1:2000.

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Procedures:
1. Prepare the needed tools and materials.
2. Use the correct scale.

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3. Construct the wall thickness. Use 0.15cm. CHB for the major walls. Start
from the center of the wall.

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4. Divide the floor area to other areas of the house. Use a 10 cm interior wall
partitions. Compute each area of the house, then check the total floor area

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5. Lay out the position of doors and windows by center line and by their
widths with a 4H pencil. The standard width of doors is 90-95 centimeters
like the main entrance door. While 80 centimeters for bedrooms and service
doors and 0 .75 centimeters for toilet and bath doors.

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6. Label each part of the floor plan. Draw the kitchen and apply the work
triangle principle in designing the kitchen. Draft the toilet and bath draw
the fixtures properly.
7. Lay-out extension lines. Use any dimension limits and lay out dimensions
legibly and never repeat dimensions.
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8. Draw the schedule of doors and windows. Name doors and windows by
sizes. Finally, draw the roof line of the floor plan.

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Developed by:
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Objective: To learn to draw the plan both water distribution and sanitary
drainage system
PLUMBING LAYOUT
In construction drafting, a mechanical (or utility) plan normally includes

both water distribution and sanitary drainage systems combined, especially
on smaller buildings or houses. The plumbing layout is usually drawn into a
copy of the floor plan for proper orientation with existing plumbing
fixtures, walls and partition outlines, and other utility features. Figure 8-27
shows a typical plumbing layout. The reproduction is, unfortunately, too
small to be easily studied, but you can see that it uses the mechanical
symbols.

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Materials and Tools
Pattern Paper- is a plan or diagram

used as a guide in making something,
which is made on a paper.
Pen - is a writing instrument which

dispenses a viscous ink from an internal
reservoir through the rolling action of
a metal ball at its point.
Pencil - is a writing implement or art

medium usually constructed of a narrow,
solid pigment core inside a protective casing.
The case prevents the core from breaking, and
also from marking the user’s hand during use.
Ruler- is an instrument used in
geometry, technical drawing, printing as well
as engineering and building to measure
distances or to rule straight lines

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L-square- is a regular quadrilateral. This means that it has four equal sides
and four equal angles (90-degree angles, or right angles).[1] It can also be
defined as a rectangle in which two adjacent sides have equal length.
Eraser- is an item used to remove the marks

left by pencils and some types of pens. Modern
erasers come in all colors, and may be made of
rubber, vinyl, plastic, gum, or similar materials.
is, in its antique form, a kind of

multipurpose desk which Drawing Table - can be
used for any kind of drawing, writing or impromptu
sketching on a large sheet of paper or for reading a
large format book or other oversized document or
for drafting precise technical illustrations.
Drawing Pencils are a basic requirement of any graphics course. You

need a number ranging from 2B to 2H. These letters refer to the
hardness of the pencil lead. When sketching a soft lead such as 2B is
can be used to produce quick drawings and shading. On the other
hand , when drawing precisely a 2H or even a harder pencil such as
a 4H is ideal. This type of pencil keeps its sharp edge for longer and
produces very fine lines.
A refillable pencil is very useful especially if you are

constructing a drawing that needs a constant thickness
of line. The refills are available in a range of thicknesses
and either hard or soft leads.
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Disadvantages are that the refillable pencils are relatively expensive and so
are the refills. Also, the leads tend to break more easily.
Ink fountain pens can be used for producing ‘fancy’

styles of writing. Often the pens can be bought with a
variety of ‘nibs’ as a set. These can be used to draw /
write in a vast range of styles. This type of writing is
called ‘Calligraphy’. Ink pens are rarely used now
as word processing software can be used to produce
accurate styles of writing in a range of fonts.
A protractor is used to measure angles. A

typical protractor is a semi-circular piece of
plastic with 180 degrees printed around its
curve. This piece of equipment is not only
used in graphics for constructing accurate
drawings but is also used in subjects like
Mathematics.
A compass is an absolute essential piece of equipment.

It is well worth buying a good set which includes at least
two compasses allowing the drawing of small and large
circles. The drawing opposite is a ‘bow’ compass, this is
used for drawing small circles very accurately. Cheap
compasses tend to slip on the paper and break quite
easily. A good, quality compass set will last a life time.
T-Squares are use to draw horizontal

lines. They are especially useful when
constructing accurate orthographic
drawings or architectural drawings. A
T-Square is normally used with a
drawing board, set squares and clips.

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It must be pushed firmly against the edge of the drawing board when it is
being used.
Set Squares are used to draw accurate angles. The

most common are 45 and 60/30 degrees. When using
set squares they should always used along with a T-
Square. The Set-square rest on the straight edge of the
T-Square and this ensures when the angle is drawn
that it is accurate.
Board clips are used to hold the drawing paper in position.

They simply clip on to the board holding the paper firmly
against the drawing board

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Developed by:
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A ruler is possibly one of the most important pieces of drawing equipment.
Rulers should only to used to measure distances with lines being drawn
with T-Squares and Set Squares. However, most people use rulers to draw
straight lines. But it must be remembered that the edge of a ruler is not
guaranteed to have a perfectly straight edge unlike a good T-Square or Set
Square.
A Flexi-curve is used to draw curves. It can be

formed into almost any curve as it is flexible.
Flex-curves are useful as they are simply
shaped to form the desired curve. However, a
flex-curve is delicate and if forced into a tight
curve it will break.
A Parallel Rule is used to draw parallel

lines. It is basically two rulers held
together by two linkages. The linkages
provide the parallel motion. The rulers
have scales either metric, imperial or
both.
An Adjustable Square is a set square which

can be adjusted to almost any angle. When
adjusted a small screw is hand tightened,
locking the set square in position. This means
that there is no need to have both 45 and
30/60 degree set squares. They are much
more expensive than normal set squares.
Isometric sketching

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An isometric sketch is a two dimensional drawing that creates the illusion of
three dimensions using angular lines. This is the preferred drawing method
for plumbers as it shows the most information about the piping layout.
Although an isometric drawing is the most complex to draw, it

has definite advantages; such as showing both horizontal and
vertical piping on a single drawing. Making an isometric sketch
is accomplished by imagining yourself at the lowest
point(downstream) in a plumbing system and drawing it as
you would see it; if it was laid out from lower left to upper right.
When drawing on paper, an angle of 30 degrees(or increments

there of) is used to illustrate pipes running horizontally and
vertical pipes are drawn straight up and down. The one problem
with an isometric sketch arises when pipes are on angles other
than horizontal or vertical; such as 45 degree fittings. These
"odd" angles are drawn as they would appear using 60 degree
angles. When trying to draw circles in isometric drawings you will have to
use an ellipse. A simple drawing tool called a triangle with the angles 30-60-
90 will help you keep your drawing in the proper perspective. You can also
purchase isometric graph paper or use printable graph paper.

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A bill of materials is a list that specifies the parts used to build a
product. When a company produces a product, it must keep
track of the materials and components used in its creation. This
list must be included with the product before shipping it to a
merchandiser, client, or buyer. Generally, it is included inside
the box in which the product is shipped.
In a way, a bill of materials is similar to a recipe, and every

ingredient used is listed. Strict record keeping is the key rule to
creating a bill of materials, because no item can be skipped.
This is largely because the list can be used later to narrow down
possible issues if product repairs are necessary. In addition, a
bill of materials is essential when ordering replacement parts.
Plumbing Design and Drafting

WELCOME
A new and dynamic company, Plumbing Design & Drafting has put the
focus back into Plumbing. Plumbing is the essence of any building
providing the link between the Building and those people who live and
work within it. Plumbing and Fire services through their links to Health
and Safety demands that our designs be carried out with skilled people
with a wealth of knowledge developed over time and through the
experience gained through hundreds even thousands of projects. Our
skilled and committed team of people ensure a level of service only
offered by specialist type businesses, paying particular attention to our
clients needs. We have an unrivalled reputation for delivering unique,

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quality hydraulic solutions and presenting them in an uncomplicated
format that makes reading our documents on site, easy.
RESOURCES
I.
1. http://www.ehow.com/about_6452842_copper-used-water-pipes_.html#ixzz2wZ2Lufyo
2. www.ask.com/question/steel-tape-definition
3. www.thefreedictionary.com/copper
4. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipe cutter
5. wiki.answers.com/Q/What is a propane torch

6. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soldering
7. http://www.doityourself.com/stry/h2handlecopper#.Uyu23D_uItw#ixzz2wZ9GYiZ0
8. www.dictionaryofconstruction.com/definition/pipe-vise.html
9. The Complete Plumbing Book

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COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

1 Perform complex and Performing complex and multi- CON7133

3. Draft plumbing design Drafting plumbing design CON713

HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

UNIT OF COMPETENY: DRAFT PLUMBING DESIGN

MODULE TITLE : DRAFTING PLUMBING DESIGN

NOMINAL DURATION: 120 hrs

At the end of this module you MUST be able to:

 Determine location / layout of plumbing facilities

Pen and pencil

Written and oral examination

Date Developed: Document No.

Determine location/lay-out of plumbing facilities

Learning Activities Special Instruction

Read Information Sheet 1.1-2 Familiarize the specification of pipes and

INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-1

Measuring Tools used for the purpose of measuring dimensions, measuring

Importance of measuring tools

Types of measuring tools

Date Developed: Document No.

3. Ruler is the most popular type of measuring tool. It is usually 6 or 12

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

How to Take Care of Drafting Measuring Tools

Date Developed: Document No.

INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-2

ARCHITECTURAL WORKING DRAWINGS

Elements of Architectural working drawing

 Site development plan is the outline and measurements of the

SAMPLE BLUEPRINT OF A ONE-STOREY HOUSE

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

i. (See title block in sheet #1)

 Elevation is the front or side view of a building. It shows the design of

Date Developed: Document No.

3. It is the outline and measurements of the proposed building and its

4. It is the top view of the floor area of a house.

5. It is the front or side view of a building. It shows the design of the

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

Objectives: to learn the construction drafting of a water distribution and

In construction drafting, a mechanical (or utility) plan normally includes

Date Developed: Document No.

As stated earlier in this chapter, the Engineering Aid is not expected to

As a rule, plumbing plans should show the location of the fixtures and

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

LAY-OUT PLUMBING PLAN

Learning Activities Special Instruction

Read Information Sheet 1.2-1

Date Developed: Document No.

INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-1

Objectives: To learn the drafting tools, materials and equipment