Cambridge Senior Further Mathematics AC/VCE Units 3 & 4

Online Teaching Suite Chapter 4 Regression: fitting lines to data: Chapter test 1

Multiple-choice questions
1 In the least squares regression line y = –5.6 – 0.78x :
A the y-intercept = –5.6 and slope = 0.78
B the y-intercept = –5.6 and slope = –0.78
C the y-intercept = 5.6 and slope = 0.78
D the y-intercept = –0.78 and slope = –5.6
E the y-intercept = 0.78 and slope = 5.6

2 If the equation of a least squares regression line is y = –5.6 – 0.78x and r2 = 0.48:
A r = –0.69
B r = –0.48
C r = 0.23
D r = 0.48
E r = 0.69

3 The least squares regression line y = –5.6 – 0.78x predicts that, when x = 10, the value of y
is:
A –13.4
B –7.8
C –2.2
D 7.8
E 13.4

4 The slope of the least squares regression line y = a + bx is given by

rsy
b=
sx
Given r = –0.523, sx = 2.801 and sy = 6.492, b is closest to:

A –1.2
B –0.23
C 0.23
D 0.43
E 1.2

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 Cambridge Senior Further Mathematics AC/VCE Units 3 & 4
Online Teaching Suite Chapter 4 Regression: fitting lines to data: Chapter test 1

5 The equation of a least squares regression line y = a + 1.45x.

Given, x = 3.49 and y = 23.4, then a is closest to:
A 1.45
B 5.1
C 18.3
D 19.9
E 23.4

6 Using a least squares regression line, the predicted value is 15.4.

The actual data value is 17.8.
The residual value is:
A –2.4
B 0.9
C 1.2
D 2.4
E 33.2

7 The equation of the least squares line plotted on the scatterplot below is closest to:
y

18
16
14

12
10
8
6
4
2

0 x
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

A y = 19 – x
B y = 19.5 – x
C y = 20 – x
D y =19 – 1.25x
E y = 19.5 –1.25 x

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 Cambridge Senior Further Mathematics AC/VCE Units 3 & 4
Online Teaching Suite Chapter 4 Regression: fitting lines to data: Chapter test 1

The following information relates to questions 8 to 11

The number of mistakes made proofreading can be predicted from the time spent (in minutes)
completing the task using the least squares regression line:
number of mistakes = 8.5 – 0.1  time with r = –0.4170

8 Which of the following statements relating to the regression line is true?

A The slope of the regression line is 8.5.
B The explanatory variable in the regression equation is number of mistakes.
C The least squares line passes through the origin.
D The intercept is –0.1.
E The equation predicts that a person who completes the proofreading task in 35 minutes
will make 5 mistakes.

9 This regression line predicts that, on average, the number of mistakes made proofreading:
A decreases by 8.5 for each additional minute spent completing the task
B increases by 8.5 for each additional minute spent completing the task
C decreases by 7.5 for each additional minute spent completing the task
D decreases by 0.1 for each additional minute spent completing the task
E increases by 0.1 for each additional minute spent completing the task

10 Noting that the value of the correlation coefficient is r = –0.4170, we can say that:
A –17.4% of the variation in the number of mistakes made proofreading can be explained
by the variation in the time taken to complete the task.
B 17.4% of the variation in the number of mistakes made proofreading can be explained
by the variation in the time taken to complete the task.
C –41.7% of the variation in the number of mistakes made proofreading can be explained
by the variation in the time taken to complete the task.
D 41.7% of the variation in the number of mistakes made proofreading can be explained
by the variation in the time taken to complete the task.
E 64.6% of the variation in the number of mistakes made proofreading can be explained
by the variation in the time taken to complete the task.

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 Cambridge Senior Further Mathematics AC/VCE Units 3 & 4
Online Teaching Suite Chapter 4 Regression: fitting lines to data: Chapter test 1

11 A person who takes 45 minutes to complete the proofreading task made 5 errors. If the
regression equation is used to predict the number of mistakes they are expected to make,
then the residual value will be closest to:
A –3
B –1
C 1
D 3
E 4

Extended-response question
The weights (in kg) and blood glucose levels (in mg/100 ml) of eight people are given in the
table below.
Weight 73 77 96 93 78 73 82 84
Glucose level 104 106 116 109 82 102 103 108
The task is to determine the equation of a least squares regression line that can be used to
predict blood glucose level from weight.
a In this analysis, which would be the RV and which would be the EV?

The scatterplot above has been constructed from the data.

b Use the scatterplot to describe the association between blood glucose level and weight
in terms of strength, direction and form, including the presence of outliers (if any).

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 Cambridge Senior Further Mathematics AC/VCE Units 3 & 4
Online Teaching Suite Chapter 4 Regression: fitting lines to data: Chapter test 1

c Determine the equation of the least squares line and the value of the correlation
coefficient.
glucose level = ______ + ______  weight
r = ______
d Use the regression line to:
i predict the blood glucose level of a person who weighs 90 kg
ii In making this prediction are you extrapolating or interpolating?
e What is the slope of the regression line and what does it tell you in terms of blood
glucose level and weight?
f Calculate the value of the coefficient of determination and interpret in terms of the
relationship between blood glucose level and weight.
g The residual plot for this regression analysis is shown below. Explain why this residual
plot calls into question the results of this regression analysis.

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 Cambridge Senior Further Mathematics AC/VCE Units 3 & 4
Online Teaching Suite Chapter 4 Regression: fitting lines to data: Chapter test 1

Answers to Chapter 4 test 1

Multiple-choice questions
1 B
2 A
3 A
4 A
5 C
6 D
7 C
8 E
9 D
10 B
11 C

Extended-response question
a RV: glucose level; EV: weight
b strong, positive, linear association with one outlier.
c glucose level = 52.6 + 0.62  weight r = 0.5488
d i 108.4 mg/100 ml
ii interpolating
e slope = 0.62; on average, for each additional kilogram in weight, blood glucose increases
by 0.62 mg/100 ml.
f 0.301; 30.1% of the variation in blood glucose level can be explained by the variation
weight.
o

g There is a clear outlier in the data which tends to distort the results.

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