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Long Term Exercise Planning v1 1 - L PDF
Long Term Exercise Planning v1 1 - L PDF
The information in this lecture is drawn from these units of
competency:
SISFFIT 417A Undertake long term exercise programming
Units of Competency
By the end of this lecture you will be able to...
Define Periodisation plans for different training outcomes
Analyse the use of volume and intensity for exercise
training plans
Adjust and construct long term training plans
This lecture will work through the following topics;
Periodisation and terminology
Periodisation models
Case study programming
Periodisation ‐ The organisation of the training plan into
smaller more manageable units to achieve optimum
performance at a given time
Annual plan: A training plan for one year
Strength: Includes all types of strength ‐ strength
endurance, max strength, speed strength (power), etc.
Speed: Includes all types of speed ‐ max speed, speed
endurance, agility
Endurance: Includes all types of endurance ‐ aerobic,
anaerobic, etc.
Skill: The sport related actions and or movements
required for sports performance
Flexibility: Includes all types of flexibility ‐ general,
assisted, PNF
Training load: Includes the interaction of volume, intensity,
duration, and frequency
Training volume: Total amount of exercise completed in a training
unit (total distance travelled for cardio, or total tonnage lifted in
gym sessions)
Training intensity: A measure of the quality of training completed
in a training unit (% of MHR for cardio, or % of 1RM for gym
sessions)
Training specificity: Is the extent to which the training involves a
sports specific training component as compared to a general
training component
Training frequency: The number of training sessions in a set
period of time
Interference: The effect that one aspect of training may have on
another aspect of training, when those components are trained at
the same time
Bring it back to basics for training your client
With periodisation you are simply changing the following:
o Volume of Training
o Intensity of Training
o Type of training
By manipulating the above 3 points you will create
variation in a clients training program to allow continual
improvement
It is important to consider how much, when and what type
of training for each individual to match their set goals
All clients training programs should be periodised in some
form
With beginner clients, a single periodised model is
frequently used
This allows the client to gradually adapt to training in a
gentle increasing fashion
This is achieved by firstly increasing the volume to
condition the body to training before increasing the
intensity of the training
As the client progresses in their training, more frequent
changes in the loading pattern is required to create change
and stimulate the system to adapt
The double periodisation model is used to provide two
major periods of loading
The multiple model is used to create a range of changes
over the course of the year such as that used by advanced
weight trainers who require far more frequent changes to
their program to achieve the stimulation changes to get
progressive results
There are multiple models of periodisation from the very
simple single through to the detailed type models and all
have their use within sport and general training
Regardless of the periodisation model you use, the key is
that all training should be progressed in some periodised
manner and it is up to the trainer to determine which
model will best suit the needs and goals of the
athlete/client
From the graphs you will see how the two key variables of
volume and intensity interact, with each rising to a peak
whilst the other is dropping from a peak
This continual change between volume and intensity
allows the client to firstly increase volume to condition and
prepare the body, or to increase volume to gain muscle
mass before increasing intensity to improve maximal
strength
Here are two sample general programs comparing both
beginner and advanced training plans
Use these samples to compare the differences between
the way volume and intensity interacts before looking
specifically at strength or hypertrophy programs
Here is a sample plan for a 12 month period showing
weekly training sessions against the block of training they
would perform
The year is broken into four blocks of training each lasting 3
months
To program for this client you may decide to use the four
blocks as shown or to further break each of the four blocks
down into monthly blocks which is the preferred way
This means a client will receive a new program from you
every quarter
As client progresses, we need to consider the program
period or the training block that we prescribe for them.
These blocks fall into three main categories:
High Volume ‐ Low Intensity
Mid volume – Mid Intensity
High Intensity ‐ Low Volume
High Volume ‐ Low Intensity
o More suited to hypertrophy blocks
o More frequent sessions in each block
o Less recovery time between sets, reps and workouts
Mid volume – Mid Intensity
o Try to gain both volume and intensity over shorter block
o Transition phase between the two blocks
High Intensity ‐ Low Volume
o Intensity is increased therefore train less sessions per week
o Recovery between sessions is more important training variable
o Training volume and loads require care and attention
From the beginner program above note how the volume
increases first and intensity does not catch up until the end
of the second block or after 6 months
The third block is an alternating period of firstly higher
intensity then higher volume
This form of loading is called wave loading where the
volume and intensity alternate up and down so as not to
both be high at the same time
The grey area in the graph represents the total amount of
training completed in the training block and is generally a
good indication of when training is going to be the hardest.
Again note how the third phase has the most greyed out
area. Typically it should take this long to prepare a client to
achieve this form of training and the build up to this form
of training requires a good 6 to 9 months
Underneath this graph on the next slide are sample weekly
formats of how many sessions and on what days this
program might be developed
New research shows there is no interference between
strength and cardio especially if they are done on separate
training days as shown
The last 3 month block is not shown as this can be an
unloading phase where the client has a reduced total
training time to simply maintain what they have achieved
for the year so far
Compare the differences here
Note how volume still increases in the first block of 3
months but intensity also increases, allowing the wave
loading formation to commence in the second 3 month
block rather than the third as shown in the previous
example for the beginner
Note also how much more greyed out area is shown
representing more total training completed in the period of
time and more grey peaks of harder training
Compare also the sample weekly training programs and
how the different training sessions are allocated
Phase 1 or block 1 includes 4 strength sessions with some
cardio and stretching on separate days to avoid
interference during this developing phase of training
Similarly in phase 3 or block 3, note how the number of
strength sessions has increased from 4 to 5, cardio has
dropped out of the plan and stretching increased to
promote recovery
When writing an exercise program you must determine
the best way to create overload
The most common format is to change the number of
repetitions so the total volume of reps increases
Another way is to increase the amount of time the muscle
is working for each repetition, often called time under
tension (TUT) or tempo
Tempo is the amount of time taken to complete 1 rep or
the amount of time the muscle is under tension from the
exercise
Muscles don’t count reps
Look at How Much Time Under Tension for Best Results!!
Different times under tension
produce different results
Higher TUT for Lower TUT for
hypertrophy power
Tempo controls can be
prescribed to control
the speed of the
movement and
influence the training
stimulus. Power
training is based on
the speed of the
repetition. The faster
the speed, the lower
the ability of
application of force
Even though muscles can’t count reps, they do respond or
adapt based on the total amount of training performed
So if we want to increase maximal strength we typically
reduce total number of reps and increase the weight lifted
Hypertrophy occurs best under more reps and moderate
loads
The number of reps is another way to control TUT as fewer
reps take shorter time and more reps take longer times to
perform
So whilst TUT is important it is more likely to be a result of
the program reps and sets you plan for rather than
specifically aiming to increase TUT
Strength = 1-8 reps
6-24 m 3-5
maintain 2-4
maintain 3-5
2‐15 reps
Load and reps are inversely related
Load increases‐reps decrease
Decrease reps as program increases
Volume
Intensity
Technique Technique Technique
+ Endurance + Power
+ Circuit Tr. + Str. Tr.
AGE + End. Tr.
8 13 16/18
Incorporate technical & fitness parameters with sport
performance for evaluation, up to at least 16 / 17 years old
INFLUENCE OF MATURATION ON STRENGTH
Contributions to muscle Stabilises in
strength during maturation adulthood
Testosterone
Neural myelination
development
2. Sub‐maximal & repeated effort methods ‐
Lifting a non‐maximal load to failure … during final reps, muscles
develop maximum force (increased muscle recruitment) as
earlier recruited muscle fibers fatigue
3. Dynamic effort method ‐ Lifting (throwing) a non‐
maximal load with the highest attainable speed
Zatsiorsky, 1995
Law One: Develop Joint Flexibility
achieving full range of motion at a joint allows for force
production throughout the full range and reduces chance
of injury and poor lifting techniques
Law Two: Develop Tendon Strength Before
Muscle Strength
muscle strength improves faster than tendon’s ability to
withstand force – spend time in the anatomical
(progressive) adaptation phase
Bompa 2002
Law Three: Develop Core Strength Before the
Limbs
Exercises should start from the core and work towards the
extremities. The limbs are only as strong as the core. A
strong core works as a platform in which the extremities
work from
The client is a 35 year old male (70 kg and 178 cm) who
wants to increase his maximal strength
The weekly training plan is flexible and training can be
performed each day for up to 90 min
No injuries or health risks are evident, body fat is 17%, and
training experience is 2‐3 years
1RM bench press is 65 kg, 1RM Squat is 75 kg, and 1RM
pull up is 75 kg
Develop a summary of the training plan to match the
annual cycle shown above for the months listed below
The weekly plan is already completed for you
The first summary for the month of February has been
completed as an example
Your task is to use the material already learnt to develop a
plan for this block of training by filling in the blank table
underneath the following two phases for the next two
months
Strength per week 3 Program type Full body
This section will be influenced by To find this value for total no. of sets per session,
the volume, as volume increases strength training you will multiply no. of exercises and
so does the of sets per muscle lower range of no. sets per muscle group. This will only
group give you the lower range. Estimate an extra 6-8sets
This section will be influenced by the volume and This section will be
intensity. Higher volume would use Split Program design influenced by the
allow more sets and reps per muscle group. Lower volume and intensity.
volume, higher intensity will use a full body program Higher volume would
increase rep range
Strength per week 3 Program type Full body decrease rest periods,
High intensity would
No of total exercises 5 Rep range 6-10 decrease rep range
No of muscle groups 3 Rest periods 2-3 min and increases rest
periods
No sets per muscle 4-6 Intensity 75-90%
Activation Phase:
o General Strength/Volume phase
Maximal Neural Adaptation:
o Maximal Strength
Super Compensation:
o Maintenance
Remember to develop the progression of both volume and
intensity from the annual plan
Use these curves to reduce or increase variables from the
sample weekly summary given
o For example, if the volume curve goes up then look to do more
reps, or more sets. So as to increase volume. If the intensity curve
goes up then look to increase the percentage of RM used, increase
rest periods and decrease volume
Please ensure you have taken notes (if applicable) and
understand the principles outlines in this lecture.
Look at your Work Book for learning tasks and activities
that relate to this specific Lecture.
Time to move on to lecture #3!