With Resistant Crops, Progress Can Raise New Problems

This is the VOA Special English Agriculture Report.

Plant breeders and genetic engineers keep working to give crops the strength to

resist   like insects, diseases,   or floods.

But before you can resist a threat, you need to understand it.

We told you last week about a newly completed genetic map of the organism that causes

late  . That disease led to starvation in Ireland from potato shortages in the
middle of the eighteen hundreds. The new genome could lead to better ways to protect
potatoes, tomatoes and other crops.

Science may supply a   crop. Yet that does not always guarantee demand.

Nik Grunwald from the United States Agriculture Department worked on the
international team that completed the genome. He says it is possible to grow potatoes

that resist late  . But these may not look like Russet potatoes. And most
American farmers grow Russets because, as Nik Grunwald puts it, "that is where the
demand is."

Another example of scientific progress involves a   bacterium known as Bt. Bt

is used as a pesticide to fight cotton bollworms, corn borers and other pests. Scientists
have found a way to grow cotton plants that contain a Bt gene, reducing the need for
pesticides. But sometimes, when one problem gets solved, another one appears.

In China, some farmers and researchers blame a   in pesticide use for an
increase in pests unaffected by Bt. Also, there are concerns that some organisms could
begin to resist the plants designed to resist them.

And scientists are reporting this week on what they call the "indirect costs" of a virus-

resistance gene in Cucurbita. This is the species of squash that includes   

and gourds. The scientists say virus-resistant transgenic squash are grown throughout the
United States and much of Mexico.

The genetically engineered squash are usually larger and   than wild
squash. But a three-year study showed that beetles like to feed more on the transgenic
plants, increasing cases of wilt disease. The report by a team from the United States and
China appears in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The researchers point out that gene flow between crops and their wild relatives is
common and difficult to contain. They note concerns that wild plants could, as a

result,   genetically engineered resistances. And these could affect the natural
balance in their environment.

And that's the VOA Special English Agriculture Report, written by Jerilyn Watson. I'm Bob
Doughty.