LUSAKAAPEXMEDI

CALUNI
VERSI
TY
FACULTYOFMEDI
CINEANDSURGERY
ANATOMYDEPARTMENT.
NAME:LEMASHARMAZI
MBA
I
D:1801006828
COURSECODE:
AN110
LECTURER:
DREVANSMULENGA
GROUPMEMBERS:

NAMASI
KULUBI
NDA 1801006795

GI
FTKANYUBGULU 1801006748

MI
KEMUSHI
NGWA 1801006979

VI
CTORYANDI
LA 1801006852

ELI
SHAMBUGHI 1801006762

1.
1(a)
lat
eral
head-A

(
b)Medi
alhead-
B

1.2( a)Thest ernoclavicul

arjoi ntorst ernoclav i
culararticulati
onist hej ointbet weent he
manubr ium oft hest ernum andt hepr oximal endoft hecl avi
clebone.I ti sst r
ucturally
classedasasy novialsaddlej ointandf unct i
onal l
ycl assedasadi ar thr
osi sandmul tiax i
al
j
oi nt.Itistheonl yat t
achmentoft heupperl i
mbt ot heax ialskel
et on.Despi t
ei t
sst rengt h,it
i
sav erymobi l
ejointandcanf unct i
onmor elikeabal l
-and-sockett ypej oint.How- ev ermost
oft hest er
nocl av i
cularjoi
nt’sst abili
tyi sprov idedbyi t
sl i
gament s.Ther ear efourmaj or
l
igament s:St ernoclavi
cularligament s(anteriorandpost eri
or)–t hesest rengthent hej oint
capsul eant er i
orl
yandpost eriorly.Interclavicularligament–t hi
sspanst hegapbet weent he
ster nalendsofeachcl avi
cleandr einforcest hej ointcapsul esuper iorl
y.Cost oclav i
cul ar
l
igament–t het wopar tsofthi sligament( of tensepar atedbyabur sa)bi ndatt he1str iband
car ti
lageinfer i
orlyandt otheant eriorandpost eri
orbor der softhecl aviclesuper iorly.Itisa
ver ystrongl igamentandi sthemai nst abil
isingf orcef orthej oi
nt,resistingel evati
onoft he
pect oralgirdle.Thest ernoclav i
cul arandi nter cl
av i
cularligament scanbeconsi deredt obe
thickeningsoft hejointcapsul e, t
hei nterarticulardiscl i
gamental soaddsext rasuppor tto
thisj oi
nt.

(b)Theacr
omiocl
avi
cul
arjoint
,orACjoint,i
sajoi
ntatthetopoftheshoulder
.Iti
sthe
j
uncti
onbet
weentheacromion(partofthescapul
athatfor
mst hehighestpoi
ntofthe
shoul
der
)andt
heclavi
cle.Theacromioclav
icul
arJoi
nt,i
soneoffourjoint
sthatcomprise
theShouldercompl ex .TheACJoi ntisformedbyt hej
unct i
onoft helateralclavicl
eandt he
acromionpr ocessoft hescapul aandi sagl i
ding,orplanest yl
esy novi
al j
oint.Thel i
gament s
ofacromi alclavi
cularj oi
ntsincl udeoft heConoi dandTr apez oidligament s(whi chdonot
actual
lycomei ncont actwi tht hejoint)whichcombi net oget hert oformt hecor acoclavicular
l
igament.Thi scombi nedl i
gamenti sthepr i
mar ysuppor tligamentoft heACJoi nt.The
Coracoclavicularl
igamentr unsf r
om thecor acoidprocesst ot heunder sideoft heclavicle,
neartheACJoi nt.Theot herligamenti sthesuper i
oracr omi ocl avi
cularligamentwhi chisa
quadri
lat
er alband, cov er
ingt hesuper iorpartofthearticulation, andex tendingbet weent he
upperpar tofthelat eralendoft heclav i
cleandtheadjoi ningpar toftheuppersur faceoft he
acromion.

1.
3(a)
cor
acocl
avi
cul
arl
i
gament
-lat
eral
endoft
hecl
avi
cleand

(
b)cost
ocl
avi
cul
arl
i
gament
-

1.
4cl
avi
cl
e

1.
5cl
avi
cl
e

1.
6cl
avi
cl
e

1.7t
hemi ddlepartorshaf
tofthecl
avi
clei
sthesit
ewher emostf ract
uresoccurandthi
sis
sobecausethemi ddlepar
tofthecl
avi
cleonl
yall
owst hef r
actur
esanteri
orl
yandoutwards
andthi
spr ev
entsthebonef r
om br
eaki
ngposter
iorl
yandi nwardsasthespli
nter
softhe
cl
avi
clebonef aci
ngposteri
orl
ywouldni
ckorinj
uresubclavianvessel
swhichsupplyt
hearm.

1.
8(c)Homeost
asi
s,i
nfl
ammat
ion,
repai
r,andr
emodel
l
ing

1.
9

1.
9.1.0ntherecordedsl
ide,ar
eirr
egulartr
abeculaewhicharedi spl
aced,wit
hnumer ous
mult
inucl
eatedosteocl
astli
kegiantcell
sscatt
eredthroughoutthestromaandsurr
ounded
byosteoi
ds; Theseappearanapl
asti
cspi ndl
eorov alshaped,withsomeclot
sofblood
i
nsi
de.Thecy topl
asm appearsscantyandnecrosiscanbeseei ntheareasofhemorrhage.

1.9.
2.Compar i
ngt het wo; bothhaveirr
egul art
rabeculaewhi char edispl
aced, wit
h
numer ousmul t
inucleatedost eocl
astli
kegi antcell
sscat t
eredthr oughoutinthestr
omaand
surroundbyost eoids; bothappearanapl asti
cspindleorov alshaped, wit
hsomecl otsof
bloodinside.Thecy toplasm appearsscant yandnecr osiscanbeseeni nareasof
hemor rhage.Fol l
owingt his,bothti
ssueshowsi gnsofost eosarcoma, aform ofbonecancer
thatbeginsinost eobl asts(bornformingcel l
s),producingimmat urebones(osteoi
ds).And
thecauseoft hef r
act urewasduet hereforeduet ocancer ouscl avicl
ebeingbrit
tl
eduet o
thedeformi t
iescausedbyt hetumorcells.