Vedic Mathematics Teaching An Old Dog New Tricks: April 2010

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Vedic Mathematics Teaching an Old Dog New Tricks
Article · April 2010
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Introduction
Multiplication
Vedic Mathematics
Division
Square Roots . . .
Teaching an Old Dog New Tricks
Contact Information
Uwe Wystup
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uwe.wystup@mathfinance.com
JJ II
J I March 2010
Page 1 of 23
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Introduction
Multiplication
Division
1. Introduction
Square Roots . . .
Contact Information veda (Sanskrit) means: knowledge
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Veda Upaveda
Title Page Rigveda Ayurveda
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Samaveda Gandharvaveda
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Yajurveda Dhanurveda
Page 2 of 23
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Atharvaveda Sthapatyaveda
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Table 1: Vedas and Upavedas (supplementary vedas)
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1.1. The 16 Sutras
are part of a Parisista (Appendix) of the Atharvaveda
1. By one more than the one before
2. All from 9 and the last from 10

Introduction
Multiplication 3. Vertically and crosswise
Division
Square Roots . . .
4. Transpose and apply
Contact Information 5. If the Samuccaya is the same it is zero
6. If one is in ratio the other is zero

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7. By addition and by subtraction
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8. By the completion or non-completion
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9. Differential calculus
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10. By the deficiency
Page 3 of 23
11. Specific and general
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12. The remainders by the last digit

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13. The ultimate and twice the penultimate

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14. By one less than the one before

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15. The product of the sum
16. All the multipliers

1.2. Jagadguru Swami Sri Bharati Krsna Tirthaji Maharaja
Introduction Explained the sutras in his books (e.g. [2]).
Multiplication
Division Jagadguru Swami Sri Bharati
Square Roots . . . Krsna Tirthaji Maharaja
Contact Information
(March, 1884 - February 2,
1960) was the Jagadguru
mathfinance.com (literally, teacher of the
Title Page
world; assigned to heads
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of Hindu mathas) of the
Govardhana matha of Puri
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during 1925-1960. He was
Page 4 of 23 one of the most significant
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during the 20th century. He
is particularly known for his
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work on Vedic mathematics.
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2. Multiplication
Introduction
Multiplication
Division
Square Roots . . .
Contact Information
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Page 5 of 23
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Figure 1: Vertically and Crosswise
Introduction 2.1. Example with working base 10
Multiplication
Division
Square Roots . . . 9 - 1
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×
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6 / 3
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= 63
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Multiplication
Division
Square Roots . . . 9 - 1 7 - 3
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× ×
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6 / 3 3 /1 2
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= 63 = 42
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Multiplication
Division
Square Roots . . . 9 - 1 7 - 3 13 + 3
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× × ×
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6 / 3 3 /1 2 15 / 6
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= 63 = 42 = 156
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Multiplication
Division
Square Roots . . . 9 - 1 7 - 3 13 + 3 12 + 2
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× × × ×
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6 / 3 3 /1 2 15 / 6 10 / 4̄
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= 63 = 42 = 156 = 96
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Multiplication
Division
Square Roots . . . 9 - 1 7 - 3 13 + 3 12 + 2
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× × × ×
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6 / 3 3 /1 2 15 / 6 10 / 4̄
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= 63 = 42 = 156 = 96
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Page 6 of 23
Reason: (x + a)(x + b) = x(x + a + b) + ab
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Multiplication
Division
Square Roots . . . 9 - 1 7 - 3 13 + 3 12 + 2
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× × × ×
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6 / 3 3 /1 2 15 / 6 10 / 4̄
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= 63 = 42 = 156 = 96
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Page 6 of 23
Reason: (x + a)(x + b) = x(x + a + b) + ab
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Full Screen Origin of the ×-sign comes from this method

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Introduction
Multiplication
Division
2.2. Example with working base 100
Square Roots . . .
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91 - 9
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96 - 4
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J I 87 / 36
Page 7 of 23 = 8736
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Introduction
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Division
Square Roots . . .
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91 - 9 111 + 11
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× ×
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96 - 4 109 + 9
JJ II
J I 87 / 36 120 / 99
Page 7 of 23 = 8736 = 12099
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Introduction
Multiplication
Division
Square Roots . . .
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91 - 9 111 + 11 108 + 8
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× × ×
Title Page
96 - 4 109 + 9 97 - 3
JJ II
J I 87 / 36 120 / 99 105 / ¯
24
Page 7 of 23 = 8736 = 12099 = 10476
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Introduction
Multiplication
2.3. Other working bases (division case)
Division
Square Roots . . .
Contact Information
100/2=50
49 - 1
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49 - 1
J I 2)48 / 01
Page 8 of 23
24 / 01
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= 2401
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Introduction
Multiplication
2.3. Other working bases (division case)
Division
Square Roots . . .
Contact Information
100/2=50 100/2=50
49 - 1 54 + 4
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× ×
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JJ II
49 - 1 46 - 4
J I 2)48 / 01 2)50 / 1̄6̄
Page 8 of 23
24 / 01 25 / 1̄6̄
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= 2401 = 2484
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Introduction
Multiplication
2.4. Other working bases (multiplication case)
Division
Square Roots . . .
Contact Information
10× 2=20
19 - 1
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×
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19 - 1
J I × 2)18 / 1
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36 / 1
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= 361
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Introduction
Multiplication
2.4. Other working bases (multiplication case)
Division
Square Roots . . .
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10× 2=20 10× 6=60
19 - 1 62 + 2
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× ×
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19 - 1 48 - 12
J I × 2)18 / 1 × 6)50 /2̄ 4̄
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36 / 1 300 /2̄ 4̄
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= 361 = 2976
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Introduction
Multiplication
Division
Square Roots . . .
Contact Information
2.5. Exercise: Multiply the following mentally

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b 78989 × 99997
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c 1222 × 1003
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Introduction
Multiplication
Division
3. Division
Square Roots . . .
1
Contact Information • Find the exact decimal representation of 19
.
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Introduction
Multiplication
Division
3. Division
Square Roots . . .
1
Contact Information • Find the exact decimal representation of 19
.
• Using the “Ekadhika Purva” Sutra it is easy:
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Title Page . 0 5 2 6 3 1 5 7 8
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/ 9 4 7 3 6 8 4 2 1
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1 1 1
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Introduction
Multiplication
Division
• Start with 1 and then work from right to left multi-
Square Roots . . . plying by 2.
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Introduction
Multiplication
Division
• Start with 1 and then work from right to left multi-
Square Roots . . . plying by 2.
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. 0 5 2 6 3 1 5 7 8
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1 1 1 1 1 1
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/ 9 4 7 3 6 8 4 2 1
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• A further shortcut is the insight that
Introduction
Multiplication
Division
. 0 5 2 6 3 1 5 7 8
Square Roots . . .
+ 9 4 7 3 6 8 4 2 1
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= 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
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1
• The same works for all periodic decimals, e.g. 7
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. 1 4 2
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+ 8 5 7
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= 9 9 9
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Introduction
Multiplication
Division
Square Roots . . .
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4. Square Roots (Vargamula)
mathfinance.com • Square numbers only have digit sums 1, 4, 7, 9
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Introduction
Multiplication
Division
Square Roots . . .
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• and they only end in 1, 4, 5, 6, 9, 0.
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Introduction
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Division
Square Roots . . .
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• If the given number has n digits, then the square
root will contain n2 or n+1
2
digits.
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Introduction
Multiplication
Division
Square Roots . . .
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Title Page
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• If the given number has n digits, then the square
root will contain n2 or n+1
2
digits.
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• Systematic computation of an exact square root re-
quires the Dvandvayoga (Duplex) process.
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Introduction
Multiplication
Division
Square Roots . . .
4.1. Duplex Process (Dvandvayoga)
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D(4) = 16 (1)
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Title Page D(137) = 23 (3)
JJ II D(1034) = 8 (4)
J I D(10345) = 19 (5)
Page 15 of 23
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4.2. Square Root of a Perfect Square
√
Introduction Find 1849.
Multiplication
Division
Group in pairs, taking a single extra digit on the left as
Square Roots . . .
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extra digit.
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√
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Division
Square Roots . . .
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extra digit.
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8) 2
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4
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√
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Division
Square Roots . . .
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extra digit.
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8) 2
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4
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4 is the largest integer whose square does not exceed 18.
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18/4 is 4 with remainder 2.
The divisor 8 is two times 4.
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Introduction
Multiplication
Next we divide 24 by the divisor 8. This gives 3 remainder
Division
0, placed as
Square Roots . . .
Contact Information 1 8 — 4 9
8) 2 0
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4 3
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Introduction
Multiplication
Next we divide 24 by the divisor 8. This gives 3 remainder
Division
0, placed as
Square Roots . . .
Contact Information 1 8 — 4 9
8) 2 0
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4 3
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Page 17 of 23 Now we see 09 and we deduct from this the duplex of

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the last answer figure 3, i.e. 09 − D(3) = 09 − 32 =
09 − 9 = 0. This means that the answer is exactly 43.
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1 3 — 6 9
6) 4
Introduction 3
Multiplication
Division
Square Roots . . .
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1 3 — 6 9
6) 4
Introduction 3
Multiplication
Division
Square Roots . . .
Contact Information
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Title Page Next we divide 46 by the divisor 6. This gives 7 remainder
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1 3 — 6 9
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1 3 — 6 9
6) 4
Introduction 3
Multiplication
Division
Square Roots . . .
Contact Information
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Title Page Next we divide 46 by the divisor 6. This gives 7 remainder
JJ II 4, placed as
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1 3 — 6 9
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49 − D(7) = 0, so 37 is the exact square root of 1369.

4.3. Larger Numbers
Introduction
2 9 3 7 6 4
Multiplication
Division 10) 4
Square Roots . . .
Contact Information 5 .
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4.3. Larger Numbers
Introduction
2 9 3 7 6 4
Multiplication
Division 10) 4
Square Roots . . .
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10) 4 3
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5 4 .
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4.3. Larger Numbers
Introduction
2 9 3 7 6 4
Multiplication
Division 10) 4
Square Roots . . .
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JJ II 2 9 3 7 6 4
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10) 4 3
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5 4 .
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37 − D(4) = 37 − 16 = 21 = 2 × 10 + 1.
2 9 3 7 6 4
Introduction
Multiplication
10) 4 3 1
Division
Square Roots . . .
5 4 2.
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2 9 3 7 6 4
Introduction
Multiplication
10) 4 3 1
Division
Square Roots . . .
5 4 2.
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16 − D(42) = 16 − 16 = 0 = 0 × 10 + 0.
Title Page
JJ II 2 9 3 7 6 4
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10) 4 3 1 0
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5 4 2. 0
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2 9 3 7 6 4
Introduction
Multiplication
10) 4 3 1
Division
Square Roots . . .
5 4 2.
Contact Information
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16 − D(42) = 16 − 16 = 0 = 0 × 10 + 0.
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JJ II 2 9 3 7 6 4
J I
10) 4 3 1 0
Page 20 of 23
5 4 2. 0
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4 − D(420) = 4 − 4 = 0. Complete.
Introduction
Multiplication
Division
Square Roots . . . 4.4. General Square Roots
Contact Information
Find the first 5 figures of the square root of 38:

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3 8 . 0 0 0 0 0
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12) 2 8 7 10 8
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5. Contact Information
Introduction
Multiplication
Division
Square Roots . . .
Contact Information
Uwe Wystup
MathFinance AG
mathfinance.com Mainluststraße 4
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60329 Frankfurt am Main
Germany
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+49-700-MATHFINANCE
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http://www.mathfinance.com/wystup/papers.php
http://www.mathfinance.com/seminars/vedic.php
References
[1] Datta, B. and Singh, A.N. (1962). History of Hindu Mathematics. Asia
Introduction Publishing House, Calcutta.
Multiplication
[2] Maharaja, Bharati Krsna Tirthaji (1992). Vedic Mathematics, Motilal
Division
Banarsidass Publishers Private Ltd, Delhi.
Square Roots . . .
Contact Information [3] Schonard, A. and Kokot, C. (2006). Der Matheknüller. http://www.
matheknueller.de.
mathfinance.com
[4] Williams, K.R. (2002). Vedic Mathematics - Teacher’s Manual. Ad-
vanced Level. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited, Delhi.
Title Page http://www.mlbd.com
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Index
Introduction
Multiplication
division, 11
Division
duplex, 15
dvandvayoga, 15
Square Roots . . .
Contact Information multiplication, 5
square root, 14
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Title Page vedas, 2
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See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

Vedic Mathematics Teaching an Old Dog New Tricks

Article · April 2010

Uwe Peter Wystup

Multi-Asset Options View project

MathFinance Conference View project

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

2. All from 9 and the last from 10

6. If one is in ratio the other is zero

12. The remainders by the last digit

13. The ultimate and twice the penultimate

14. By one less than the one before

15. The product of the sum

16. All the multipliers

Full Screen Origin of the ×-sign comes from this method

2.5. Exercise: Multiply the following mentally

Page 17 of 23 Now we see 09 and we deduct from this the duplex of

49 − D(7) = 0, so 37 is the exact square root of 1369.

Find the first 5 figures of the square root of 38:

Title Page vedas, 2

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