GOLDENSTATE COLLEGE Issue No. Rev No. Reference No.

General Santos City 01 00

Effectivity Date: Page No.
LESSON PLAN
June 15, 2020 1 of 7

I. Objectives: At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

a. distinguish rational equation and rational inequalities; and
b. solve rational equations and inequalities.

II. Subject Matter: Rational Equations and Inequalities

References: Oronce, Orlando A. 2016. General Mathematics
Barcelona, Belecina, and Villanueva.2016. Conceptual math &
Beyond:General Mathematics
https://www.academia.edu/36815004/General_Mathematics_Learners_Material_
Department_of_Education_Republic_of_the_Philippines

III. Procedure:
A. Preparatory Activities
1. Prayer
2. Attendance
3. Review
4. Checking of Assignments

B. Developmental Activities
1. Activity
The students will identify if the given algebraic expression a rational or not.

7 x ²−x−6 5+ √ x x1 /2 +2 x 3/ 2+ 4
ab x+2 x x +2 x−1

2. Analysis
Guide Questions:
 Who can define rational expression? Rational equation? And Rational
Inequalities?
 How you would decide on what to do first when solving an equation
involving fractions? Explain.

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 GOLDENSTATE COLLEGE Issue No. Rev No. Reference No.
General Santos City 01 00
Effectivity Date: Page No.
LESSON PLAN
June 15, 2020 2 of 7

3. Abstraction

A
Definition: A rational expression can be written in the form where A and B are
B
polynomials and B≠ 0. It is also called algebraic fractions.

Example 1. The following are rational expressions:

7 x ²−x−6 x ²+7 x +10

, and
ab x+2 x +5

The following are not rational expressions:

5+ √ x x 1/ 2+2 ,∧x 3/ 2+ 4
,
x x+ 2 x−1

Definition: A rational equation is an equation that contains one or more

rational expressions.

The following are rational equations:

1 1 4 ,∧x ² 1
= , x + =−5 =
x 5−x x x +1 x +1

To solve rational equations;

1. Eliminate the rational expressions in the equation by multiplying both sides of

the equation by the LCD.
2. Solve the equation.
3. Check your solution.

Example 2. Solve for x.

x 1 x
a. + =
5 4 2

Solution.

a. The LCD of the denominators is 20.

x 1 x
20 ( + ¿ = 20 ( ¿ Multiply both sides by the LCD,
5 4 2
20.
4x + 5 = 10x Apply the Distributive Property and

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General Santos City 01 00
Effectivity Date: Page No.
LESSON PLAN
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then simplify.
5 = 6x Subtract 4x from both sides.
5
=x Divide both sides by 6
6

y +3 4
Example 3. Solve =
y−1 y−1

Solution.

To clear the equation of fractions, multiply both sides by the LCD which is y – 1.

y +3 4
=
y−1 y−1

y+ 3 4
( y−1 ) =( y−1) Multiply both sides by -1.
y−1 y−1

y +3=4 Simplify.

y=1 Subtract 3 from both sides.

Example 4. Find the two consecutive integers such that the sum of one – third
of the first and one – fourth of the second is 9.

Solution.

Let n = the first integer

n+ 1 = the second integer

1 1
Equation: ( n) + (n+1) = 9
3 4

one – third of the one – fourth of the is 9

first integer second integer

The LCD is 12.

1 1
12
3 [ ]
( n ) + (n+1) = 12(9)
4
Multiply both sides by the LCD 12.

4 n+3 n+3=108 Apply the Distributive Property.

7n + 3 = 108 Combine like terms.

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General Santos City 01 00
Effectivity Date: Page No.
LESSON PLAN
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7n = 105 Subtract 3 from both sides.

n = 15 Divide both sides by 7. (First Integer)
n + 1 = 16 (Second Integer)

The integers are 15 and 16.

Definition: A rational Inequality is composed of rational expressions combined

with a ≤, ≥, <, or > sign.

Some examples of rational inequalities are

1 x+ 2 1 2 ,∧5
≤7 , ≤0, + >1 ≥ 0.
x x−3 2 x ²−1 x ²−4 x−5

To solve Rational Inequality;

1. Write the inequality with a single rational expression on the left – hand side of
the inequality and zero on the right – hand of the inequality.
2. Determine the meaningful numbers by setting the numerator equal to zero
and setting the denominator equal to zero.
3. Use the meaningful numbers to separate the number line into intervals.
4. Test for the meaningful numbers if they make the inequality true or false. If
true, then they are part of the solution. if false, then they are not part of the
solution.
 Get the values in each interval and substitute these into the inequality.
 If the test value makes the inequality true, then the entire interval is a
solution to the inequality.
 If the test value makes the inequality false, then the entire u=interval
is not a solution to the inequality.
5. Express the answer in interval notation.

x+ 2
Example 5. Solve: ≤0
x−3

Solution.

Step 1. Already done. x+ 2

≤0
x−3
Step2. Get the meaningful numbers. Set Numerators: x+2=0
both the numerator and the denominator

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Effectivity Date: Page No.
LESSON PLAN
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equal to zero. Then, solve. Test the −2+2 0

meaningful numbers. Test – 2: = =0 ≤0 True. Thus, - 2 is a
2−3 −5
solution.
Denominator: x – 3 = 0
X=3
3+3 6
Test 3: = =undefined False .Thus, 3 is a solution.
3−3 0
Step 3. Separate the number line into A B C
intervals using the numbers found in Step 2.
-2 3
Step 4. Get test values for A, B, and C. For A, test – 3:
x+ 2
≤0
x−3
−3+2
−3−3 ¿ 0
¿
1
False
6

Thus, interval A is not a solution.

For B, test 1:
x+ 2
≤0
x−3
1+2
0
1−2
−3 False
Thus, interval B is a solution.
For C, Test 4:
x+ 2
≤0
x−3
4 +2
0
4−1
2 False
Thus, interval C is not a solution.
Step 5. Answer in interval relation. { - 2} ⋃ (- 2 , 3) = [- 2, 3)

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General Santos City 01 00
Effectivity Date: Page No.
LESSON PLAN
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Warning! Multiplying both sides of an inequality by a number requires that the sign (positive or
negative) of the number is known. Since the sign of a variable is unknown, it is not valid to multiply
both sides of an inequality by a variable.

2x
Example 6. Solve the inequality ≥1.
x+1

Solution.

a. Rewrite the inequality as a single rational expression.

2x
−1 ≥ 0
x+1
2 x−(x+ 1)
≥0
x +1
x−1
≥0
x+ 1
b. The rational expression will be zero for x = 1 and undefined for x = - 1. The value x = 1 is
included while x = -1 is not. Mark these on the number line. Use a shaded circle for x = 1
( a solution) and an unshaded circle for x = -1 ( not a solution).

-1 1

c. Chose convenient test points in the intervals determined by – 1 and 1 to determine the
x−1
sign of in these intervals. Construct a table of signs as shown below.
x+ 1

Interval x < -1 - 1<x<1 x >1

Test Point x=-2 x= 0 x=2
x–1 - - +
x+1 - + +
x−1
+ - +
x+ 1

d. Since we are looking for the intervals where the rational expression is positive or xero, we
determine the solution to be the set {x ∈ ℝ Ix < -1 or x ≥ 1}. Plot this set on the number
line.

-1 0 1

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General Santos City 01 00
Effectivity Date: Page No.
LESSON PLAN
June 15, 2020 7 of 7

4. Application
I. Fill in the blanks to make each statement true.
1. If the product of two numbers is 1, the numbers are called
__________________.
1 4
2. To clear the equation + =6 of fractions, we multiply both sides by
a b
______.
3. To clear an equation of fractions, we multiply both sides of the equation
by the _______of the fractions.
a a
4. To clear the equation − =5 of fractions, we multiply both
a−3 a−2
sides by _____.
5. ________ is an apparent solution that does not solve its equation.

II. Solve each equation and check the solution.

4
1. 6+ =−5
x

3 4 10
2. = −
x 3x 3

6 3 a+2
3. =
5 2 a+3

6 1 1
4. − =
x ²−4 x +3 x−3 4 x−4

III. Solve each inequality.

2 x−5
1. −3< 0
x−5

1
2. <4
x

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General Santos City 01 00
Effectivity Date: Page No.
LESSON PLAN
June 15, 2020 8 of 7

x+12
3. ≥2
x+2

.
IV. Assignment
The normal weight (w) in pounds of a male between 60 and 70 inches tall is
11
related to his height (h) in inches and is represented by w = h - 220. If a boy weighs
2
145 pounds, how tall is he?

SHS - General Mathematics

Week 4: Day 1