Name: ​Test 3 ​150 points Chemistry 261 Dr. Jay H.

Baltisberger May 6-8, 1998

Choose five of the following seven
Mole ​problems for 30 points each:
fraction B 1. The table to the right gives the break and halt temperatures found in the cooling
curves of two metals A and B. Construct a phase diagram (using graph paper or other accurate
means of plotting) consistent with the data of these curves. Label the regions of the diagram,
stating what phases and substances are present. Give the probable formulae of any compounds

that form.​SEE ATTACHED SHEETS

2. Draw the phase diagram (using graph paper or other accurate means of plotting) for the

Mg/Cu system given that Mg ​and composition

​ ​Mg​2​Cu melt melt at 800 ̊C at melts and at 580 ̊C
648 C ̊ ; respectively. Cu melts at Eutectics 1080 ̊C; of intermetallic 10, 33 and 65 compounds
mass percent MgCuMg ​2 690 ​ ̊C, 560 ̊C and 380 ̊C respectively. A sample of Mg/Cu allow
containing 25 mass percent Mg is prepared in a crucible heated to 800 ̊C in an inert atmosphere.
Describe what will be observed if the melt is cooled slowly to room temperature. Specify
composition and relative abundances of each phase at each point in time and sketch the cooling
curve.
SEE ATTACHED SHEETS
3. It 0.6589, is found is 88 ̊C. that the At boiling this temperature point of a the binary vapour
solution pressures of A of and pure B with A and mole B are fraction 957 and A, 379.5 ​x​A = ​
torr, respectively. Is this solution ideal? What is the initial (before solution has boiled away)
composition of the vapour above this solution. ​= 760.0 For torr. ideal This solution, is the V.P.

V.P. at = the PA​ ​* ​normal ​xA​ ​+ Pboiling ​B*​ ​xB​ =

​ (957 point, torr) therefore (0.6589) the + solution
(379.5 torr) must (0.3411) be ideal (definition of normal boiling point is temperature where
vapor pressure is 760 torr). This vapor (0.3411) will ] = have 0.8297, a composition indicating
of the xA​ vapor
​ = (957 is torr) rich in (0.6589) A as expected.
/ [ (957 torr) (0.6589) + (379.5 torr)
4. The vapour pressure of a 500.0 g sample of benzene was 400 torr at 60.6 ̊C, but it fell to 386
torr when 19.0 g of an unknown involatile organic compound was dissolved. Calculate the molar
mass of this compound. ​Using Raoult’s that may xsolve ​B = ​ 0.035 this for = MW( 19.0 B​ law,
​ =g
81.839 / PMW​A = ​ ​B ​g 386 ) mol/ torr = [ ( 19.0 ​ .
–1​

Pg A​ *​ /​ ​x​MWA​ =
​ ​B ​(400 ) + ( torr) 500.0 x​A​. g Thus / 78.1128 x​A =
​ ​ ​implying ) ]. We
0.965, g mol–1
5. At 25 ̊C and 1 atm, a 0.5000 mol/kg solution of NaCl in water has partial molar volumes of
18.63 cm​3​/mol and 18.062 cm​3​/mol for the NaCl and water respectively. Find the volume at 25 ̊C
and 1 atm of a solution prepared by dissolving 0.2500 mol of NaCl in 0.5000 kg of water.
Break ( ̊C)
 First halt ( ̊C)
Second halt ( ̊C) 0.00 1100 0.10 1060 700 0.20 1000 700 0.30 940 700 400 0.40 850 700 400
0.50 750 700 400 0.60 670 400 0.70 550 400 0.80 400 0.90 450 400 1.00 500
Using formula for partial molar volumes V = V​A,m ​n​A ​+ V​B,m n​ B​ = ​ (18.63 cm3​ ​mol–1
​ ​) ( 0.2500
mol) + (18.062 cm3​ ​mol​–1)​ (500 g / 18.015 g mol–1 ​ ​) = 505.96 cm3​ ​. The mass of this solution is
(0.2500 mol) (58.443 g mol–1 ​ ​) + 500.0 g = 514.61 g, giving a density of 0.983 g cm3​ ​. Note that
the water actually loses density as the sodium and chloride ions break up the hydrogen bonding
network.

6. Would a liquid mixture of two optical isomers of CHFClBr be an ideal solution? Explain.
The condition for ideal solutions is for the two molecules to be so similar in size, shape and
molecular interactions that mixing A with B will give A-A interactions which are nearly
identical to A-B and B-B interactions. Normally this is not the case, but for systems like
Benzene-Toluene, the interactions are similar enough to call the solution nearly ideal. In the
case of optical isomers, the structures are merely mirror images of one another, thereby
having identical interactions, size and shape. The only way to separate these molecules is
using some sort of chiral separation scheme, since the interactions are so similar. Given this, I
would define this mixture as nearly perfectly ideal.

7. In which solution would water have a lower activity (A) 0.0300 m NaCl, (B) 0.0200 m MgCl​2​, or
(C) 0.0300 m MgO (assuming all are fully dissolved and none undergo ion pairing).
You can use the Davies equation to calculate the activity coefficients for each of these
solutions, or you can note that in all cases, the total number of ions in solution is identical.
Given that the activity of the solvent (water) is basically related to the vapor pressure of the
water, you can ask, which solution will bind water most tightly , preventing the molecules from
escaping the solution at the liquid/gas interface? Certainly the answer is the ions with the
highest charge (MgO) which will bind very strongly to the exiting water molecules, dragging
down the net activity of both the solute and the solvent. Thus answer (C) is the correct choice.