Ws

T/n-r<. -:G.ry ing /-i"lJ,

ancJ Mo.xwe/l's Equa,'/ions

D
J'V
l-t
t: -I#'o'r
J

--{*(vxi)'a;
5
: -,f # dz
p.6-2 /j =d- 3 cc,s(unro"t - iny), /o-€ ( rl.
f a.u'l : re[o't-
us c<r3<os (sricz+-lrgtt:(4o./dy)
.T
: - vr
a<tf - ?
( 5rr /a't -o. /n) _s in grro?t lxni'(wt).
Lrt"
ar : ftJF ./F:a. sft:or(;rto"t-o.trr)-cotrnrdf,
u).
t^
-
i : 1/ .^r- -r.
0./glcos(srto?t-o./r)-c-os g2,rc71
fi:
-- 0.6L3 si n( rntolt -a.orT) CA)
= 73 = in f 9-rrtort - (nA).
1" )
/2 6-3 Lts ig photor with a s/ne r"f,"ten<e,

E,:a+#;.4 Zrr=f E,,tl- fioz,A

J1
f "'!,
Zr Jd
-7-
cl t
vL: - #'-PAoto's : 4#1"(t +yS.
' Vr=-jt$,

lL-:
--a = Yi,
,1+ju>L
: - J-@E"ih-r,
Zq (p+)'ul) . 0*i)
 F.e-+ ;
b, -
= &L-.
- 4r-z?t.

TrJuced e m J ' i , t / a , o 1 ': - f ( i l t x E , ) ' J L - r .

----7 U -- !';'#'-'(* - #*)'
in a- c/o"k,'vise. J,'r.c-*'on
*l/L,
-L
--_:_ Ht;!^Ittot7
R- 2nd(4+-,r)

a.) LF L:O:
.t
,,, (. = (ux!). gaoo.t)
V
:*(rcn^o,o4)xo./sin,Jt
= 0.251 sin /oo?tt (A)-
) b) j{ L:o.oo3E (H):
O,.
',x/o ( w't).
tttL = lOO"txO.oo3g: i.{ (t),

/{u:qT: tt207/'6e.!:'
, dl tD. . (/oT x ao4)fo!
t, : *---7J67- = in (qtt _ 6 9. {")

rc"tf : o, to+ -sin(toov; - 49.6") 6).

P e-e E : Ec+l' Sttl

--9 c.,scatx QL (o.?-z-)
: -Cas ta{
[o. 7 - o. t t(/ - e-us,^rt)J
--O.39 c o s c , : t ( 1 + c - o su t ) (,ut).
. / dA : - I
t - - o' zsoo( ' sr n r it + sir t2ut)
z * t
- - /.7t d (sin At + st'n Tast)
: - /-?q u Sin at (t + 2 asdt) (*ft\.
I
t-)

3?
I
 P e-z COndretion Current 4en-s,4y: rE
-D i sp{--ce^m.r# c., rrenf den-si *y : uD -J utgf,-E
S'
f or e T u a / tn agni/u4e : f = 2zr €o€r f ,

or :^ o/r\
f _ ^ = = /9 x to' (
2r/ 5(€o€,,) (/Q.
+)
\ :/sx/o7
a.) S.owa1er: f (+):/oE(,1): / (al)
M o i s f . s c ,|i : f : /s x /o? (j9:Ztx/06(Ho),
or Z z (Mllz).
P <-g
I 7\' ,
a.) |I 0 i s p l a c e m e r t <urrert u€ = (zT"loottoetr=bxt61
I Coaduc-*ion czrrent r .f-7o x lo7
: q.7s x'/o-3.

b) .f ,, 4s o Ltrce- { rze C o n d c t c f o r :
Vx R - rrF a. - L , @
V'xE :_i-f n ,-
/i.
\U
VxlD: Vx Vx lq : V (3, F)-V'U-
:; /i
rVrE. o
8 uf V . F: o , Ef .@ becornes
V'F + rVxF:o. @
Co*Aining @ a.n.l @:
V"g - ]@f rF: o.

P46-1 ti,:d;o+dr4o+drzo. g.n=8,.*rr I rr - /O.

(F,-F,)=i
dn,.^ lr,"-lni:;^"'"
* z, ^ ( 4;o + dr44 - Fr):4rS .
n HaE- 30, Hrr- 4 5.
a) Fr= d,3 o + a,/o (A[^)- b) 1- 2f aF2 ft).
3 f
c) 4t- t,.i' Jtol-9' -- 69.:o. a)
"at= L;,

38
 -.!FF---

-
-
J P 6- to Mediro | : Fr"" tpa.. ,
7 /{e-liurn ^ , ,/r*&. H, husl le zero so ,n"l
,F;.,.,j,,,11n
if,-E
f z::"1,::i , d-rF,-j-,, Bn: B,n.
E,o: Er, , dnr. ( E- Dr): f" .
)

'/-
It
q*l2/
', P . 6 - /3 E (" ,t):Jo c- os( zr r /oqt - kt) 1v/^) io q.ir .
Eo -- so (v/m),
) f : /o7(ll), T :+ :to'"Cr),
^:f,:+#:o.z(,I),
tr':+: ?o
a) A( Z: /oo.lzg^ , kr:2oc.25rr, whi.h is sqrne
ns 4r kz: o-257, or Tr/4.
Tf i -sa , p/ot tF ECt) :5o c4s 2r r /o7 ( t- r /s) (v /n)

b) Af 2 = -/od./z-gx, i{ is o. rt/ofoF
EG) :_r o cos 777r c7(
* + r /il ( v /,,) ,
c) At t- r/4, we plof ve-7ss, z ti"fo(b',,r;og
sincts oi 1 o-l4u nc-*ion :
o E (2, {): to cos G *t*qq =50 cot[- a6 -]lJ
: So (v/.).
"ot ff(z-o.ozs)
tn
P.6-r+ U-te pbasors qn4 cosine- r="fere.ncz.

.€-: %Eoui*, E, :4ro^oSritr'rz; Er-dro,o+d.i:A

E : E, * 1:at [o.c,3;i"/o+ o.a+;iv/21
: dn t- j o.03+o.a+( -i9)J-d*0.o(,r;i7''""
!
-+> Eoto.068 (V/r>, ,/r:-72.{".

37
n,-F
a'ncl Ca s ine r:.'F<'re-ncL'
r 6'; > L/se pna-sors
- ,, 1;a+J* 6+ei1
H=o*llr, i ) -:- ? t-6
f){, , u b-4 v€in/i
--'> Ho: /o-4G1 * 2 d* )
-- /cs-*
i*.o' a+ j (z s in q - /,
- O --+ c<:3O] or n'/e (rc'J')
1
-srrr c( - I
: ZX 1g'4c-os-3oo : /.73 'lfa (A/-)'
H

)
,D.6-tz See 5e cf ion /o- L, PF'+zs-atf , f7t h-4

a-nC Cro-Z)
tu) z?(GorJg2 = 0.4v (r*d/-),
P 4-/s o) /a:T: x rcsT
3
,lar ae aa
L/ ,l
/ =..; - -Ll z -a-
H = :F)E v ^> */,1 u: '! az
lE, 0 0
:hd*# : 4h()L!* rto"
:;;*+.ikz - q#v";ioarz G/,n

.) v
-,/ ug : a r . ft tl 6 1
I : drffi*r- e (A l^)
r=&ll r=

-l
: - t A -2
npt
- Er
"
(n/-1
tl
val /2-O-lTb"-Jo'4r'z
- I'
lr-- b
c
 P.6-rg k- +: #g - 29v'e.^a/t^).
:+.i1
7r---
,1,t
t7x tr
wHn
tit ^il,s
'In E- art s in e.e/'
th*o, for-
sin0
(rc,c.) f, o- Er.Q-rr) ll
n-
-
a
*).
F
0

:4#.sino ;)/z
ln lns*ao4oneou's .{or,n ,

<n, 6; D : * #*R--s i n s.,u'(zrr/o?t- zo n p'/) &/'t.

1-1

, P.6-zo In pL'r*or {or-,

E:dr o-/ .sin (lorr4 t)f z. o
u---:!-orr
r/o
)
: .?
at-
sin(yonx) + doo.{({oir).osftow)JJ[
'A/,,) fuLa'io'tf
L-ftoVx f_:

H
'A : dl
l-). s;. (totrx);;f " @
#rltto,l'*pl
''t/
l:
+Tu ,.
qt(n3 q/
a
e\r?.lt @
FA
: (tozr)'+
lt.ln\z-2,L-t,,2.t2 -'V6'o: 4oo T:
l f'
,F/m/. -...+ :m ?r:54-4 (*dfi).
f
F,om @: /tC+z;t) :fu_( i*;'ut)
- - 4 2. 30 x lda -si nl1st) c"s ((n tt'et-s+.+)
-
4 /-t tx tia cos (roz*)s;n(rrro\-s+.tz) 616

4l
P E-zr H ( *,2 ;1) = df 2 <os (tst:4 s in (€t' rcet - f ") ({1/^)

Phasor v<ritfi sine reFerence-:

H : oy 2 cos (/S..T
x) ,'f: @
t_
F= + v'xH
7a'-o
tf

* ,La* jf cos(rsnx)dr4-7,/sirsin<rsrr)ii1.@

n:-fu?xt
:Ll= L*-*)i
Q7tnl"/t -,
: 6/
.Tnlt,rnS' . Flcos(rsnx)' ia'/t' @

Cc,m,a"-ring g and @, we reTuire

(/51-)'* F": uy'o*o:W

( 7, lot)'
---r+ : /3. z7r - 4t. 6 (r+d/n).
f
Frun @, w. hono

Ec+z;il - L(E J'r)

- : d*411 cos (trtz)sin(6tto?t- 4L 6z)
+ d"Slg s in (/Etx)cos (tr/o't-+t.< rS <vh).

4z
 ----i''F--

W
rn P/ore E /ecfronaenetic Woves

P.7-/ a) Jn q. soLtrce-.{.ee, con4ctcfina me-Ji",r,t wi+h

,1." consrilq4ive p6rari1e4ers <, y'J, a.ncl tr,
-' T * 2D
87,(z- 6z)' iv -y- 'E
t
dt
: trE + e t'9- @
.:L

EVs.(s-/eQ
'&(7-6(): V, FrE: FV.E -F'E
: -/ fr(v^I)'
2
@
@ /.
Jq b sfi l u fi n g @ in @ and no+ing lhaf we
V. E:O:
obfqin fhe- wa.ve. e..Tualiooin 4,rripafive rn<d/cs-:
v L= -t(6 7> ,
=2
- :-F
re jf": o. o
Si^e ; /o-r(y {or i-l .
b) F", lioo-ho*nonic {i./4s ' * *0'u,)
"nd }i*(af),
Wo,ve. e-7uah'a,-r @ con verts lo /{e/nrho/t-'s eluai,bn:
V"E -7@/rE + k'E:O, wAere k -uF.

7-z
Af:+:o.3xrdicr.
v/^). R:+.:#'^3*tf
= 4s x loz (m),
or 4t (k-).
j, -
R si n € : 45 x /O3 sin 19-9": /2- x /O3( ^) , or /?( k ) ,
of : zf (#)ros/s.s..
'-: tftry = +f o-s(n/'), or aLvut1.?Mneh.

4s

L
2 Z-S Atrr,ft>e- ( h " . r F c B \ l - t o s + 1 , e , - - F r . , ,- * ,
,7 ./ -
1 1( n \ : 'Ut o e - ) k C t " ' k
Th",., Fro.n Ef- (G-gcb)

Eril= J-
qte
v x t-t(.e)
)
={ (-j \) e, x /1(.e.)
jd€
: - t,
G (u$t< ) aox 4-145,
or E (il: -
7d*x ll cn)
p 7-4
l -1= d , 4 x /d6 < os( r or r t- 1y"{ ) t,a/^) .
z\
)'o: u$\ = - +: o . t o s( r a d / a ) .
#
l: 1 lt / kr: 6e (n1.
At t = 3 x /;3 (s), we re?e;rc fh* r3u,nerrf af cosine-i,t F ,
/o"n(txto-?)-*V + = !nlT.
{ !, h:e,t,2,...
-.*
J= x3on-7.s [+n):Zz,S+nry2 0.,).
b) Use pA.uors wi* c.osine. rr$ez-ence-..

F: d , 4x tdL ( A/*,\,
"iGy' ov+t/+- )
f ,o- -itrt< re sc,lf of problen, p. .Z^z
,
E : -lo d, x Az 4 x /66 TGkoY+'r/+)
: - do o. /o.9y r 7T/4)
4 x tO6 lo e?'/-
: _ d* /. s t x /o-? € c-o.rtsyftr/+) (V/il.
Th. ins,a.ntar?eouserryercian {o, E ir,

E fy,t2= -d* /. qt cos(ro?vt - o.{osy+ o/+) (*u/*).

++
 Dn-
r. /- 5 U>e Al;rh Cosine re$erence
1)hot-sors
* dy,' a ztq
E rt): dr2 Q/n)-
"-iz/G "-
(raJ/s) ------>
a) et:/os f : /O"/2?r:/.59x/o'(k'),
-- t/n (ral,/^) * A:zn/p : 2JT n (m).
F
u:ft=t-
",:(1e)':3,
r\
L e-l-t -- h o n.! e I |;r:+i'-2. I ly po/a ri z-ed.
;ll
n:lZ_lz0rr_,zo7r /\\JL)
6\ '
( \//€ .rc: v-E
F --+ drxE : fur i rz ea'z/E-
a,; di=/rj), -i
R r ^ .-
1 1 tz,t): & 1 4*, in( tcgt - z/.n + dr Lcos( io6t- z/n) l ( A /r ,,5

I -6
11 a /
r Lei a1 : 0)t -kz.
r- doErosirta. * drErosin(<+V)
E_

t-
tetqtl:
: 6o En n zrE,
1t)- . tr
b,7
: sino<, ? Sr n k +^{)
). E; -20

S> r/ t'rl { c a s t / + c o s 4 s i n {
bx
-:= :. c o st " @ ; ' s i n zh
- t clo I Eb/
,).
(Eu ,\ \2 i- / r rzl
t-_(f\ -t4/ l l-s;o."9.
Et
t--
\ Ero Erc
c a s ' {r t , I : Ir
I
,/ I I
Reorre.ng/ng:

).
(-lz--\' /r\:.- \ E . E , c o s { r -- 1
+' I l-2
si;lr I,
sinY)
\ E,
sr'n!f Tq
\Fro
et-'"r) which ls *h<- e-Tctdion d an .llipre'r'r', E,-Erplaoe.
*/'

4S
 ez:z G i,,en: ;- 3 x /o, (t{) , €r:2. t,
l4n 5.: =o'oE.
{
ane" lV e) /G" \ /T
7(7 )7 : j '48 (u7i^)
f*
ur r')/ /
E q/. ( Z - l ' z ) . '
-
d :
t'l?':
u-n=: - x = ;- ln L: o.LZ1 (n)
t
o) €T.(r-+q)'
' t e - iJ
T_: z o (t
€ r l -4, t'
+;S):)3s1/-+3,
' d
7-<' , (e)
(z-4il: p =,fi\, , *(f)',: ,,.riiiff;r''
E7.
''\: : a' o 63 (tnl'
+ a

'F= : l. t?Tx/c7(ds",.
t
t
,
ug: : . :,- c f . ,*,,,tj e

T E= Ll ?(?)' | s?Yxtc'in7';
.\ ,4t x:o, E :dyrir,'l R: :2"o.21o*i(*-o.oosir)
+d._.rt iW
H r+r, =dz a. z lc {t'(*t e,'n-(4t lari -z r.4 Tx+ o,ezr d\
(A,/,n\-
2,2^ s 13+A, .oppe.r anJ /.*, at.sood conJu.{ot,
'
(fr)->>/ , "1:@
/ rlr-. , - ,
, t: * , ?.: (/+) #.
9 f:l (MH=).
a-) L) | .< <48h) S ft.',)
Co pf er 2,6t (ttj)xtd /.9/ xrc4 / . = f x / o s 6.6, / t, /{;
Kro-s s Ttf r+j2xt64 o . / / x t o l o.4 7 x roe / 2 . 6 x t c '

b) f =/(+H).
'/ c- * (Np/-,) & (48/^) 5 (-)
Coppe+ g.zsft+t)rlE l.zqxtd 4. !6 x ro6 2 . a q x l i
prn"s 1.ft Q4)xtol 2 . T ( x t d
2 - ( K x 1 6 e 3- qq v rd'
d6

46
 P 7-q a) 5: ffiT n: ,fur:o.e? xloe(s/,-)'.
6) A+ : /o? (Hr) , a-,|@n : l.?{ xto4 (u7/^).
f
2o Logroe'n": -3o (4il.--> 2= = 1.75xro-a(n)--a.trs
(n^).
#*

P.t -/o A^,- le (/r\o: to-' (W/cn').

)L) a) lEl:'/aoza^- 2.'/s(v/r^):275 (vt*),
It+l- le l/i;- 7.2sx to-'(4/cm): 0.zzc(ar/,;.
,)
L) F^,: lEf/z'lo: /3oo (W/m')'
lE[: g?o (v/rn) , l r ( l - 2 . 6 3( A / , - ) .

P l- f t / rtrr*" cir cu/a.r/y po/ar;zol p/one wa.ve-:

Y/. /.
Itn/s ). E (r,t): d* Eo Lot (cot-kz++) -tdyEosin (atr'/<zt#),
-n.oos r) H( z,t): =, c o s( u t - L z * q ) - ' - + s;n(c,r(.'Lz+4)-
t #
Poyrrh'ry vect'or,6:E t U :4# '(t'st'/"2*4)*s;n'fu+-/.*+]
zrrr\ [."t
Q4,/'n\. : Ur+ > q c'ansfanl inJeped.ery{of t anJ z.

P.7-tz E-drE"*7+Eo,
n: +v*xe : trcr E"- d"Eo)
-u*) :ao*( Vol'*leJ')
du- ta-( r,^
P.7',3 Fro- Gaurr's /o,,rt, E-a,v*T , 1afiere,? rc |he- /ioe
charge densiy' on the- )nne.7 c-op4uc+or.
vo: -1*, . dF: * L,(+),* E:a,#r,
Eo^ AnpbreC circ<,ta./ /aul, ft- 4#
Poynfirg ve.cfor,
F:E, F:ar7fu
fo,ru"r lroo-tniff e4 ov'.r qross -.secliona-l a'rea-:
P -[F.di - #[*I'G) rdr d(:Vz.
3

47

L
 PJ- /3 E, c94 = dy -io sin (/o*+ -f fi (v/-) .
I
Lts t pho-soy^t wi.l-*l Q-- =('ne- fe-F<r.en.o- .

4'c'S: dl so {)f,v
F.r- air (me-J,"u. ,)l)t A - Q - : -,ful o s : ( (rd[n)
,.-
/-t c, ;
/a?"r (L)
T,: 7o:
:
fi u'|Te,- g h4 - t (r*J/-1.
F-. f o stf -s = yneJrL>t L:

Y/.: @,: LT^:24ot 6L)

(1 ,J€r€r-
lo
&, 3-tr) : H, (z) = . : d, ix/:' =ar.
t"r-o .-- Zr-rr;i:r,
aL// * rc
__ /
'1 t'b
3

Fr: d,, , {<r,:) -dy{s;^ (tott + x/s) (u/-)

# "2"/z *
g,-- * H,rryt;=-|r*t,;s;n(roTty')
(A/^).
+GelxE,
/\,
b) fn :t, f T-t+f :+ e
^
J: - 1{ * [ -
_7 72.
- - --/
S'i.Y
^v//
\
.tF : /nC \ *'
\t tr;o ) q/ j Er(1t)- ( -
ls ;. tost ax/z) (v/^).
e a,

Ar: ---', il.rc-,+):dn

tlV s ;n
(,,ott
- 4xb) C4^).
td*xE*
U: /9 # : : Zoq >>l (GooJ.onJ,t*4,,r).
a) Ski, clep+h S: - o.o €,3(m)* 6- )."*) -
#F- *
: : * .
7. O*j) + = z.?6 (t+ j): S.(o&-/ilclt).
b) fr.cr,t) =d, o.3 --/5.7s2,) (n/^).
"-ts''tt'".or(lo*t
E ril = - rl"d", Rro)-* f r =,t) - 4 /.6g i,r.r trco, (ort - tf. r sz, ) (vt^).
!
: *1 t'T'o't
O n. f*- (E* R') .'tt'7"cos{ :6, o. t'g (w/^r-
"-t,-7"

4g
 P.7- t6 a-)r:+ -;0

-, l,-
, .,o
H .

rn) +: Era
b) " E;o
-4
H+o

"Jh)
)
P.7- tl e iu.n E;: Eo(d* - j ar) e-iq.o
ix/z
a) Assume ref lecled qtrl - (4Er** a, E.rS .)f."
Borndory con.!i+;on a.f 2=0 : E (o) + lrlgS : g
--> ErG): ia)
E o G a t + y d .) df"' a, /ef t - h and circq{ar I
df
polariz<d Lt/ave in -z 4be<lion .
,{;r; b) dn,, ( F, - ilr) - { .- -a"xlH;to>+ u,cil): 4, (Fr=o;" !#J::,:)
u-* dy), H,to1: E, - t(id.*,dr)
ftca">'E.o)
t U ftca">'
R,{o)- R,to1* H,{o1
- # ,iu, +dy),
Js: - dr,F,,q-+'lu*-1ur\.
c) E,tr,t):6QnlE;tz) + Erur)"t-'
) (vf^). : dr- Eolta.- ar1 €)/"* (- a, + a;
i i #
"if'f
I
Ca/*,). :Q- €ol-z2t"r-idy) t;,.,f
")eie
- 2 Eo s in z (d- s;a utt - d.,co" ot
f ).

P.z- tg Fo. norrna./ ,'n.idence-:

1+ f - t wh-r. l f l st.
G. ,
I_+ l"l =lfl, f <0,an4,1,- 'lr:2'lt'
a --"--""'?,- 3\" - lf l: *
(vr^)
'w/,*) 5 : #- -1.'--'-r'Sar:2o(osro3
:?.s+ (48).

41
P,i- /1 [,ti :dx./cij{" (,t/,n).
- /O 'i6z
+ r1.(z): 4/jT e- 6/-)
o -i r : : I =' + ' + r - <: ) 6c. - /- { x/c?Ga} /s)
il,
t
{ossy m-Jiu,.'r, { ' } - ,= 2 . 2 5 t Ton f, = - .
{ ".,
E7rt-42): o,: #)T: +(!)+: /.ss &pt^)
-d^7 ' ( t - r s ) : I = a .,tf..l'f r f' ',,u,*' 1 lf
; ft V ) : : 7 - i o (ra.A /r-,).
t=
Eo. (z^+q),2,:E (,*i *) : # (," i!):zs+i"in)
T- -n. .t i t c q,.- q 'c
_
I' __.!-:__i,_L : A '- \ C g
w e,'-
nr*it
:
4 + f-: O.-{Og.rrD.O ?*: O.goE.il't'
(62 + te7'1's
,::) E,ir) - A*- z,og e' (v/^).
J.e t = E- t") : j, ? a"x dr )z.n8 ui,lt' *r gt.?o)
t,r-d ;x
=- dyo.oosS si(e7+teJ'r') (a/i,
Er[r)= a* (, Er) e''""€if'" *d*&os {^tt".'i(?'toz-s'r') 1v/^).
'/'t t z /")
ftrfO: ay #
"-a'(7'toz'5'
-/. ts z ct.taz r 3.+o)
: qY o,o3z e .- i (A/^)
/
- | + lf I l+o.tcg
-\: - t' >t.
{-trl | -o.zog
(6 \: -ui+
\u avtt ig* (E; ^ E-,rF:)

(q )= i2'?o"cags.so
\varl:
7n(Err4)=d, #
-2.rOz
: 4o Q,l L7 e (w/n).

SO
 F_

rz\ (v/^)
P z'zo Gin.n E,{.,2) = dylg stGx+
--* - to (ra//,-)
4 k.:6, k"=e k: p:,[Q*T,
-t-: ttr/k- ztr/tO= o,6zg (-), f - e./s-*tgstot(11'); b: Lc:3xto1(rad/s).
0 Fr{r,r;t)=ay/o cas(s*/ott-6'-92) (vt4
F,k,zy- r, l4:.: k : d*o.6
* 4os,')
f"4,, ,,,
) : Qo.r)*al lo "-)(€-rt"':(+m,4*;r-i(6.'*sz)
krr,0,1*
'o'(3x1o?7 - 1z- {z) (A/n)'
)
F;G,";t)- C 4r'r: 4#)
d C o s9 ; = 4 - n i' 4 2 : (4) Or= o.t -F 0; -.or-'o.{ -36-?"
+ oi8'sil '-',rrt-
d) E;(r,o7* E, (*, O-;' - E.{r.z) : -a> to d}'(62-sz)
Frtr,--t: aroarrxE.{42) d ' ,o ' 6- 6 ' " 0 ' s ' )
".drr:
: - (+h*a,h) 6iG'-rz)
<) E,G,z): E,(.ril't,rr,o>--'ay to ( a-it'- e28z);;6t
= --? izo d)"* s;n tz ( v /^) .

H,(z,z)= lll,z)+ Hr(x,r1= -(a'fu cos9z + orfr s;nt)€i6' A/il.

) p/,,1.
P Z'zt SnellL /o,o o{ reFlec4ion i €r: o; =3ol
Sn"-$L h" +I re.$ra-c$ion: sin gr: ,[2*t,n er:
t
0r: /9.4t] c a s g * =O . 9 4 3 .

T,:'Jo- 372(rr7, T,:e :

#:25/
(rl,l'
a\ l-, _ T*cos€,.-l,eoset :_0,24!
l"cosha?.tcose,
aL: 1 + lt - 1-o.211 : 0.791,
b) F,on Ef C7-l+D' QC*,,):4rT€io "-il^(x'sine'+zcaser)'

f,-
,6r, * Fr(xrz$)* dr/s-z cos(zttft -t'osx-z'7ez) (Vl-)
= 1fta4/n) rc. ./, (./'ot2(+2'e1?)
- €y. /+ z), t r, : #( drcos €,+dosi, er)€ 2
F, o 0^ \ ",
- logz'2.?&l
-+ Rrk,z;t) : o-odG dro.g+l +aro-zzz)cos{znro?t
@/-;'
5'l
P l- zz Fro n, proL f ,,n P.7- i { ;
€r:6i-3o", Qt - /7.+z:
?1 :377 (JL), zrl 6:.).
T-:
- 17'c'as0;
c) Frorn f q. (z- / rs)' t r, : -a" cas 9t
7 t{ )lncvs €, + 1, ios ?1
7t/x0.743 - 322x4866 : _ 0./Sg.
'/l 79t t d-?43.+3"? xo-E6d
l

f rom €7. O- /5a) :

t;

T,
-[
- ( t' + r.\ ?.'.e+ : o.772' I

\ "ll./ zo.s €.

s'raoi+ r'ect6')
,,t) X; tnz) : ZZ o,oEl
"4'G
n es - - ; ln'x
rot:Tlcf 2:r/
("aJ i,n) .
f ,: T
r--
( ro" l,-).
frr-ql7'i;o-V€nrfr:T tu
i , L / r t , z ) = d'/" o - o s 3 u 2 ( ' 7 4 + r z ' / i ) (a/*,).
(' at " trz/'d6
:
i r, -, +, e -,'9o ), f,r--cx,z ) / 9.i s (a1. rc{' lo. r7[r' v/a.l.

-E
l Or n : , *-Ettg;ao : O . ? Z t x l i . f z
T- 0o -- /5.+2 I Vl F.1,/ .

r 'ot. (z-/r+)
r f otr) E, ond (z-ts-r),
Eruri - /f, 1z ({ra.7+l -,4anl) {r-or' * x.t62)
"-i

7rut, wiy'h a. --esin'e re,kranEe,

\ f tz;*): /5. (z (d-o.7rt- +o-stt cosQzaf*-/-or7-z.7tz)

fvr-).
' w
o 4 / cos(zt /o't - /. osr- z-?( t) C{4

g2
E
!r
fE
L*__
 lF--

P.z-z+ :
fvlz on4 €t' : 60o
=""r:tf 7,/1,<4t;r:-i yo/,tt, ?r/?o=-i/,|r.
from f7.(y-/iD' s i n €'r - P s i n eL, - - j / 2 ,
t[o
c o sg t = J V / 2 , c o : e r = / / 2 .
u)f ro^ Eq ft-i4.?): f, - (.\b/.4o)(otE! - cos et
: o))o7o
(1F/n)cos0t'* cos€,

Fru. 87. (T-/4t): 7 . : ' r - 2 ( 7 ? / r b ) . c o s s-; - o . s

(l p/1)<os o1 f cas 0t )
"its.s"

b)From
Er.(v-/sg:
r,,:
ffi,* ")zt"
F.o,n 87.0-ltfl; zu

lfrl:l4l: t , Lut lhe phaseshif t o{ ll.- re}/ec-ted L^./ave.

dep<-nds on t'he polariz..alion of fhe iociJ<.a* wa,ve. fh"re

'o Qre
ing
sfa.nrlin3
lran-smi+/e^J
tA/Ave.s in il'te. a.ir
\Na,vet in
anJ expone-n{ia/ly
+he- ionosphere.
o'ecoy-

-l
'(n/r). P z- zE kr) * kri : t: : r^i7o€, -jat7ofr. @
Conlinuily con4ffions a* z=O h. o// z aa4y feTuito:

krr: krr: atffi sinQ;: fr-z.o?rrc1 @

Lrr: frr-ja, O
Comb;ning @, @ a.nd@, wo caa solve {gt dzzand Fzzin ferms
o{ a, /o,€2, %, ard .8u1, sincc
fn.

fi .. 0tVo1 ,
wo hone dz=422= = -r/tr;a"q - o.3?74(;t).
) rvn). Fr, f

a) o,- to,-' = b^n

ffixfi1
(rad)
f it;.:r;.r-'

s3

L
 b) fr _Z1rcot€;
nis-o.oes3or11.
fr r,
ll=
'lrcotl 1 .L
Tocose;
2 x o . o q q t ( l si ) (os €r- bs o.o3a Z | .
o-oj93 (tr) t Ztz cos88o
z o.olst (l+2) - o.c2H ein/!

c) t o l o g n ? - 4 t z : - 3 o . - ' l-q
z (n).
W:8'6?
, D . 7- 2 6 a) Snelli /arv '
Sine. : _I,
Sin g1 n

€t = si"," (* s;" e).

b) Cos€)ralm
l,-IE:E.taae-,dffi= ##
,) j ,- 6D : E sin (9; - e) - (sin -a,.cas 8r- catO; sia gr)
=dsine,ft-
#T
t,
ffi]
P,7-zr
a /) S i n oE : / 8 . 4 |in er -Je sine; ) I {c, Q.}€.,
V€,
coto,=-jrlTffi\;4 .
Fron €7s. (z-t4t) qnd C.l-/+z):
= dy tr o.' *t" 4' if"t ,
4 rt,z)
s
F, t,,21= (o, i n, * 4{7,s;n e,)i"'" eiluI
f Iy
whsTs
f-,- frsin tr - AIE sine. ,

"r: f, / (+) stn'q.-t,

Z t, cosa.. E io
t. : {ro- 87.(r-r+st.
to ry,cose;-i7, -t |/
rl-@^,a
D (a*;r,: t CI*( Eryrtl,) : o.

.r+
n
E
r
r
!

__, L
 7-

(r,j). ,2-?-28- Giv., 0i=€..---r-- cos0t-o.

4:T/2,
a) Fron Eq 7-t'+'s ): ( f.ro/E;), : 2 .
',5)
F r o n E g ( 7 - / s ' 9 ) : ( E r o ,E/ : ) r t : Z r 1 r h , .
,) F ,.(x,zi t) = dl E;ocos w -
ft ! ( r sin g,.+z Cosur ) f,
E * t ^ , r ; t ) : d y 2 E . o e - n ' . o su ( t - ! x s i r - r € s )
= d y 2 f , o " - " = c o su ( t -
! x si n € r . ) ,
where -6,when o-o,,
":ry@;;rjt
F.z-zg a) O.= Sin-,rm,, - sin-tm =6.39,.
b) e ; = z o c> e c . t;net=Gsine, :J.gg c o sg * : - 7 2 . 9 t .
,- .,8, cot g: - o,
I ', : a _ ,: :, "ot - uitg' = zio.(6
v/€r, coter'+ cgs et

.\ z = --!-/dt!ot ej--
L = l.g?
"eJ e,s?t'- /.ti cio.t,
G,cose,. Icotet

d) The /ransmilloal wave in air varics as a')fux

lvhero "'<^z
=
*(z.eD.
At/e,nuo*/on in qi"
{or each r,<tava/angil1
= 2o logroe'arLo -
| s g (d 8).

P.7-to Wh", |heincidar# l;ghf {i,sf s*riles lAc Aypo-

* e n L t s c| u r { a c a , 0i - Ot=O, 1
=
#,
(fo)r,
- 4o . 4,rorl, ,
(o"-); ' :
'lz T.t (,lr' 7r)'

Total ref/eclions occur inside fhc prism a*

'*u' both slanling surfaces bccause
0; - 4t" ) o.= sio-' (*) --10..

ss
 On oxil {ror., *hc7rism, Tr=
ffi,
(Oo).
- 3- n' : .4tX-
frt
\v av4l
\ ?o z (72*?)'

. (o*)2 - f 4 %'h 7' =lr 4,/7, 72-6'7e

(@*),. 16'1 oq,
P . 7 - 3t a) no sin €o: ht sin (96"- A") - tltcos Qc
: n1,[i4.: ',rQ7trj =,m
sin 0o-+tF4 -)l :,f;ft (no=t)
b) N. A.: s i t - te n : v m = 0.196/,
€ a _ : . fi n - t o . ? 8 6 1: g o . 4 o .

P.z-sz
a) For perpend;cu/qr po/arizc*;on and
/u,* Vr:
sin ert=
fr@
Llndcr condition o{ ns re{lection:

o,sq=/tE- -u
' 'r' lt*(tS
= sinoa!.-
9**e**tt/2.
D rro, Varallal po/arization and €, * €, .
sin gr, _ |

cot et -

= S i n9 r U _
Or, en=n/2,

s6
 Y_ a

P . Z -S lFo r f wo confg u 6 Lts med ia wi+fi eTct a_/

perrute-a-bi/t+y a-nd €, an./ <, \.,y,e
f ermit+iwities
ha-w e {ro* Er, (z -/zo) e<:. -sro- GJ",, d.oJ
r
4 rom f,7, (Z - / E+): OB|F fon4Qe,

. ". sin e-: ton 0n,

<t/12 Qst
/1
?o "
o.5 c4 7"

I ;" {5'
ll
49" 3 '.3"
4 30" il.€
s 2 o.7' t7.5'
{o t c.+'
t

E7

I
 t
r
i
I
T
al
W !
i'
t.

[.
'-l
I ranstrlt sst on L t nes

. 2 g :-t 5 q b sl i {<tt,,'.g fft. ( s- /7) anJ ( c- r { ) ' ' n E7' G- +9"

zn-4re-
r= T,/ <

d':'[T d -
:r 7 = d l -V : d lZ- tf
Li t40 wr,l 2e ul V'€
w:E*
-\
Y,' 7 - 2"1l-tt-:
4t
A ,17 .---+
v^/' = 2 u/.
w/i i- W V 4

.t
'-d{: a
:
A/
,'
:
,/,f'<
Ubo +t6
/,/L 1D r P a r r q - .
i
u?b - .Ji. parf g .
"p/,iz
up. {o- po* ..

, \ A

l'{'Z Qiven: 4
=,'.6r lO' (S/n) , w = O.oZ (m) , s! *,2.5'lo-3(a).
-f
Lo*/ diohctri" slab :
/ o, €,- j , 6'- 1ti' 6/n).
j ' s'xrc' (Hil.
a) R- *re': t.tt (tt/^).
L=f* - o.ti7 (yu/n),

G=tt a o.oos (S/m),

C =€ : o.r,t (aF/n).
t
b) ll-t
= tE - 4.t57rto'r.
fr lt
c) ttL = 473.5 >>A, L)C =0.667 >) C.

> = j',[G [,.*(#.:;t)]-o't2j'jtt-14 (n't),

zo',/E [,.
i &- #)] = 27.27+2o.t3
(g-

5s
 -
t

P.s-s
'ffi1-3oo (tL).
(n).
(g-+ 9. 6 ) Fo, coaxial {rancm&sian/ine:
z,- *,8 l, (H he) =rs
1,r',.
*= n.t, - b: J.9t, /o't (^).

P 8-4 From E7.G-crs, 4 - 4[7: .

Fro,n Ey.@-zE)a.nd (s-z/.. o( = A. e
r- E t b
: - J

Zn{'e L^ d /)
from /<A/e.?-/; L- .*)
*f *
For coppzr q.t / (/tt1), A.: tr (obx 4t rd7
s. g, /o"
: 2.6 / x /o-4 (fL).
tt) p- L . € J x t o-' i 7 | ( \
z7r (
# " ff)* ror-o.os (e).
o).
# : /. o6t r /o-t (t(p/*,)
: ?. z, x /d3 qABIil.

P.e-s €7 G^ts)' 7.:l@.

no
V Ca rjut)
Giv.n Zo:50"io UL)-1>-rely r...l,
t9r1 (z): 0 --+ - L (Oistor/,on/e,,l;n").
*: *
Given' ruBr^)
i : :. :('i'!!/r;,"'f :i.{
F'o'n
rr
f:!?; li;ril ^--# , p=@8,zo=,tg
R-= aZo- d.osl1 (nf,.), L: + : o.2.o
(f urt),
a=+*t-23 (f s/^),e:
+'Fo (pr/^)
sq
Ps-s ( P^,)": ( P,), - z;
! a-[u,zi ] v;:4vg
lv.lt 2;
=
(Pr*2;)'+(xr+x;f
, l-iV: . f-tr ' -''
t++
h n a x i m i z e( { . ) L , s e i =o.
u"f:'': I o,=or,X,=-xj
and o o, z;=Zi.
)
M o r . ( P ^ , )'L, = ! ' : l ' - (, P -
,o")r, .
4 Rl
+
Max. powo.r-lran#cr c#i u'cncy = 50% .

P 8-7 V(z) - Vrt.'" + ('e1, ,

I121: I| ;)' + Ii er'.

ri t z=O; V(o)-V;- Vo** \/c , I(oS- Jr.=Il * I; = I

ltu,,-US.
--> Vo'- t (4 * J,Zo), V-,= * ( U;- l,Zo1.
a) V (z) = * U, riZ) oj>"+ ! tu, - z, z) 1",
L Gt=fio(v,,7,so1
i'- -
+(v, r,zo1e'z
.
b) V {27 - V, c rh 7z - J;Zo sinh }z ,
a 0 )- Z; coshr , - sinh^r z.
t

P.8-g a) -{-ez , -.#=n,

t
| -+=- pGv,
dz-

| !#:a.EI
b) V ( z ) : V o + e - < z* V o ' c " ' ,
7.G)-Ilott a Iic-' , .( -,ffi.

4- +=Ro:E )&
 -7-

?r,n, We-have V(4 = t(ur* r;p);'z +f (u;-z,n)eal

Vo
* Zr.
z(z)-+H:rr;)o-"-! (#,-',){',
wherc 2.'
\' i - a n c i t - .-.-h-
(i=-Xj &vc
c) For an in{;nito linc, 2,- Ro '
V. -12
V t z l- # r . q r r u ' ' " , r h ) : T;70e

d) Fo, a finitu lino o{ lnnglh / {ermtn<fe4 rh4t'

Q;:4#ffi
lv''uo) 2 - o.s (tL/n),
P s-q Lis*orl,anlctt /inc, 4o=rff : So (l;-),
l
t"^ ({t) :tan (#) - o.oott.
"a
v
- = o.oots; =gooortxo.oolS=4e.2=
# 3 *-
L: # : o.o/t(H/^), c- :4.42(Vrtd.
#
4: = o.ola (Nf/n), p:u,/E:5.s5 (rad/m).
h
a-)V{21- : ;o'atz 6is'rrz; .re)=#.
#t "-<z"-}pz #
.'. V (z,t)= 5 .2 7 e lQ' atzsin ( gooor r t-9.952- o' 322) ( 0,
f (z,t)= o .l o s €o' o' zsin ( goooTt - s.stz- 0.r zz) tl> .
b) A+ z : So (m): V(to,il= 3.ZoSin (Sooort- O.+lZr) (0,
I (ro,t): O.o6$sin(goootrt-O.L?zv)U\
c) (Po,)L= - (s-^o, o.oe4): 0./o2 ( w).
;tulurtil /

6l
 -7-

,,, V, Wc have Vtzl = t(U.. z;R);"z tf (u;-z,n)eal

V.
* Zr.
J(z)- +(Y^:rz;)o-" -;G'',)r''
(i=-X9
whorc
Y - ffiu, and
fl
'9' e) For an inf;nito line , 2,- Ro ,

-
VtzS r(z):ffi;':
+-uru''",
d) F", a {;nitu lin. o{ lnnglh ! {e.rmin<fcd thA"'

2;:Pr#ffi
:ur''uls P - o. g (lL/n),
P 8-q L isforl,anlc"t line' Ao-E - so (JL),
) :tan (#) - o.eot{.
), t"" (&)
U
- f? = o.Oots; = gooorrx = 4e.2=
O.ootr
3 *.
L: #:o.ou (H/^), c- (prld.
#:4.42
4: = o.o/o (Nf/n), =5.s5(rad/m).
h f:es,{E
a-)v{27- : {4o/z 1i*srz; rQ)=#.
#z "-<2"-}pz#
.'. V (z,t)= s.2 7 € ' aoft sin ( Soaor r t-g- e5z- o,32:- ) ( 0,
f (z,t)= o.los €o'o'zs i n (gooo?rt - 9. s52 - 0. 3zz) tl>.
b ) A + z: S o (m): V( r o,t) =3.2oSin ( Sooor t- Q43Zt) ( 0,
7 (fo, t): o.06l s in (trooorrt-0.+?zv) U).
c) (P.u)L=;tu| urtil- / (s-"o,o.oq>: 0.'toz( w).

6l
1
 P .s - : o a) ,cor a shorf-c-ircctited line rJe.( Zc=0inE<;.G-?-<)
lc ob*ain J -2>z
Zir: ZofanhU : \ffitf .
Ftr ,L: )-/4 , /:.L: rr/2, d)./z << | .
Z;r:".--;ffi=zoffi
= 4 2..,/ax .

b) For .rn opon-<ircqireC /ine, s e t Z r - - > a i n t7 G-i.*)

to obtain:
Z ro:Zocoth7.,2.,=
Z, ffi-
ForA:A/+, z;o:
r o -zrffi
o/-e z)":,jt-:t!
'a y (1-a;-fi
a
z Zoax/+.
D Q -t t
fL: !!t=+-4eoo,
f^^ -lon 4goo = - /.732
/l ,
Z. = aza z+ - t!
- G-2'it.d'i.tc.(tttz)
- so
t r r l z s t a n9"fr?
rg.{- @
= ?6.3'iq.st &).
P 8 - / 2 G;ucn , Z a : Zo cofh >l - 2So /'s9-" Ut) ,
Z;, = Zo to.n 1! = 35g / 20' (lL) .
a) 2 0 ' 6 Z o = 3 o o& , o = 2 s ? . 8- j t z . e & ) .
q

t^ A >2 = rlt
- f

- 1.2/]5' = o.grs +i6tr =tanlrQJ'1/D.

,.1-=4(m)..-* 1: o.t39 (N1/n),

F = o.z ts (rad/m).
b)
,=[@- nr =
- ,'f@
fi )
{ e+iuc'
-.-+ 2 +j a L =) 2,

we obto;n:
Q -
fc
) G*j,oc -
= O.235r3 xfOo:
7Ito
a7o-f xlOt (radft,1.
f.
R - sg.6(a), L =o.tt2
tp4/^),
(f
G- 0 . 2 4 6 ( m S f u t ) ,C * r 2 . 4 F/E).

62
 7-t
i
i
!

it7.G-7e) P.s- ts a ) S i n ce ihe lin. is ver Y shor f compa' ed lo a'

(t'83)'
we.velrrglh , ye AoZ use Eit'(s'fl) and
, : #,:9 x 1s-t'1s/^r, _.[, :74.
s GL).
L-- 4y - s x ro'',(H,/^)lj ^,
o 't c

: LC --+ €,: L C : 4.05.

/J€ ffi
b) F : +p= 2rrx /o',8 - 0'42(rad/m); f L=?'f:: o'':?!iJr.
€7.G-tx)
- 'h - - 2g o (JL),
X,o- -R.ocot
Pt'
- l9'2 (n)'
'z) Xr,: QotanflJ uL/'
B
P.s-/4 fo, /ooJ i-p-dancc
Zt: R"*jXr'

a-) ll Z*z-t -t l ,f(rr-qst*-/

ll rr lI : s-l =
s+l 1 4+ t |I ,fcr,-,r)'-xt
IttO

whore fL p, /zo onJ tt: X t/zo.

I
+kL -J- I
tI -
I
L

Wh"n -t
-2 vL - +J (to rr- z r]-s)/s

b) S:3 o.nJ r":/9o/zr:2.

LL: *''El'
Y t : P LZ o : + 7 1 . 8 ( g ) .
,:_s 4! Fo, a. loss I .t" Ji. "- , Zo- Qo.
(a,-p).ixL.l' _ (cr- t)'* xl
lr l"_ || (21+Q)*jX,
l - T .R
r ht ' f' f2ir,) " * X ; 2
'-./
,'\ .'
_. et
,
.,r i - r _t
ia
: 0. + Ro _ jT: *t
(4 ,-;.r)'lr. S c()pres1)ondt *-^ c- lni,.t'oruo,, lt-I.
Fo" Z, - 40 +A to (I>),, R.o- ,f4-"-3d : .5o (llr.

b) :,tW
I ' V 4 ' P r V g o + 4 4 J=,1@
Min.irl = +.
(vl;n.S : tr** :2
r-=-

L'!:* Lott lrtu lin. oF chc",ra eferry4i Fes;r1or-,<e_l?i

,
(e.-rg:th.L' on4 fe-rrxinxlrAg in 2L , (f,-orn tq X-rq)
zi_R;
ffi,*#;, t -'f,rn
frL'.

zt: P;$;-e!t
Ai-izit
lr/av, s et Z; :5o (Jr) +n d Zt-10+J/6CJ\_>,

to +j/o - po't##
-* {h1i
+ |oot : So pJ,
L lo4 -zooot=-(R')2t.

K o : 3 6 . 7 ( - f - ),
a/
.So /..t in1 :
ane{ t:tqnF.l':A7zS-
I
.I-'- o.tos ,\ .

64
 P. g-tt r,\
L q . ( g - 7 ?| / : .
/-
^ p Rt * i Ro ton B/-
k ; + 2 X r . _ '-o
,4,o + ?' Rt b;
f,g_
r c . - Rr- , /.- -- x,- p,
Let
RD I
E,
,,:t, d.nJ t--*n p/
l'-ttt : 1+ i1 ._
L'L +1,r.t
I z-L

--*1"(t +zc;t) : \' '

t f ({- rtr,): x;

So/uin?, w- o/>/a-;nt

P.g-rs a) lfl:#: :-, I

# 3
77 I;n 4 €, , vvril< 87. Cr-7il a_s
-
v(z')
;.:3:':,:7,:i,:
i',' ::',:,'r''
3
: r+[flri4f , #: er-z7zl
+(zr+R)eif{f
Vo ffag. /x rvrinimqm wh-n 4 : laf ,
or wh.n oe: 2 (gx o . 3 , \ _ T T: O.27.
.', = :
f * e?o.2ir o-27o+5o.rq6.
D 2,.-po(#)=3oo (ffi)
: + 66 +j. zo6 CSL) .

6s
T
t
i___
e s-!L Q;uen U; : o | /o" <v), zs- Zo - So {!l).,
,4,r: 25 (,fZ) : o.5 Zo . I : ?
2t-Pa
'rL: 'R,+tl.o :-L
3
*)
F.o,4 F;3. r--s, F'
L,-
-1a T/ - V " +r
Va ' :
-7o ' r , * i r < .{-o + ..Q2.

.tO
..,/1/!1
t,-.- iro* E7-(E-Zs),

Z i : 7o o's zo+; zot^o f !' = 2^ l-'i-2&ag-

oo 2--+ r^-
2o+i 0.5zoA"f& i /Bl
(v).
z.: -3 *:;-a' |;- '/ - 2 / -/Z . + J t * " , f l \ ( - A ) ,
3i6(r+j+J^,3j)'s 3 L 4 i-*.ry7/t
{o, ! -
+, f.t:(*)+: T, {onf,t:7
V: *(ffi) - o.s2?/*/8.+'(u)
J;=3 (+#r)= (^A).
/.os4,r-/tr.4"
lrVLen T/S is cannec/eJ lo*he line, o vc/lon+,/!a.ve #
.eo arnf i;4ud+ 4.a-ve(s towqrd iO. ,o^d p.L,
#,W
erc ivin3 v+,i+hqi oLp/,'+,tJu V, = 6rAic6
#dil4
C-a,cr se,s a re$/ec-leJ v<q,'re vsith on a.nptlude-V.-:
CV'-
7he ref Iec*e.4 wdve 4raveb Lactr hwa,rd (6e qenera.lor and
is nol re€fec-fed lhe-re bec;a."r.se- Z€- Zo, ancl Fc=O
Vt : }ft
.'. nift (t +t-r) - + e4fl - q 03i /-45o ( 0.
Sin,;/a,/y.7r= --t.33s1-as' (rrd.
#r€;#
(-C): + e-ifL
b) 5=#: s=.
c) ( Po, =
), { A. ( u, tf ) = + ( S) G, k;t) =2. z L x o r (w)= 0.a4 (mw)
zl (P^)"=
f(tm=o f czhoe J- , s o ( t L )F, " : 0 . #"-c,.o2s (nw).
<o^di(ion)

66
 P s-zo I - 2rld (Hr), A-
f=tscm).
a) Apcn-<ircuilal l,rm, ,4 - I (n), lh- o.667.
S,ori+hcAarf: Sla,l {roo fl, on tAe dxlrottc r,gAt, rolzlt
c/ocl<wis. on3comy'olc rouo/u],bo (az'- A/z) and
coajiauc, u, {"r an a,!4t1|ona/ o. 167J- /o o.4lr-\ on
fh o " wo rc /e" lA 1z vat d gi n < ralo r o/., A_e.a.d
x--;io.t7f. - Z, - /s x (-)o.r?s)
". --j+t.r &).
D.ran a s#aiglrr lioe f.orr, tit (o-jo.s?t) pohl tArcugh
*Ac cs.n*cr and in{crsccl ct! (o*jt.7+) on /_1c oTTosik
side e{ lto cAar}. _-._, y -
+t $r.74), jo.ozt2 (g.
b) S h o r t - c t r c u i t e dl i n o , I = o . t i 3 , . ! . / . + - o . s 1 3 .
.f*arl{rom {te cy/raoo /cf/ poiol pr, , rcfalc clockw/tc
one eompltlc r<volu/ioa a6r1 cor,lia;e oo {or an &dite,tal
0,033J. 'lo rsad
Drawa sfra,str u2)
i::r;:i i;:li,i,i!,7 ii;i
*ho ccnler aad iniorsccl at (O-i+.rcjon$cop{uA
sidc o{ **e c$er/l *
v - *,Ojdzt)= ji.o4t G).

F .g - z t
,{ ,r-*(n+4rc)=0.61jo.2.

a) l. Localc 2r-0.6+jo.z on
5.ri+h charl ( Po;.t pt).
2. WiiA cen*ar al O draw a
vL-
lfl-
eirelc 4treugh p,, inletocliaE
anJ O P ea t 1 . 7 7 . - t ' - . ! = 1 . 2 7 .

b) r - # oitle'- o.zgcir.l'
lv).
c) l, Draw line OP,, inlcrtecJ,hg thopor;phery al Q'.
nA). nwavo/tagtAs
Aca4 o.0+6 on lowaed gcncralor'lcalq
2. Move clocL*itt by o.1o11 h o.tl, (Po;^tpl).
o
t (nw)
J. Jorh O and Pr' , inltrsecltngthc lff-cirele al Q.
1. &.ad z;- | + jo.sg at pr.
2,. - SOr; - go +jzg.g Cn).

67
 J) Exl..td /;r* pr'prolo Pt. Lcod f;- o.ls-,io.el.
iI
\:' lT l; = o,ots -jo-oog 6).
e) Thoro is no vo/.lag4 77ininu4*'t on lhc/inc-rbuf '1<Vr.

h -

/.6':z zr = * ( r o - 1 to) - o.6' jo.2

d) Lacale zLu0.6- jo.2 on S^,1+1,
chari ( Pt;^t P,). ttVi*h
cenlar c;j O draw a- lf l<.;rcjc
/1r.o u3h 1,inlcrt te*ing /inc
APr. ai /.77. 4 S -1.77.
S) f ao.2triztl'

t.) l. Draw i'iac 0Q , ialcrscc*ing |hopcriphcry al F;''

ryuta'velengths
Load o,+t+ 9n 1z'^.-tg gen<rzr:'2"'
Sca{e.
2.lVore r.iockwit by o./.t^ fc o.c-Eg (Po;rt 4').
3-Jain O and Pr' , inhrtu<lingt6e lflcir<le- ot 1.
4 . R c a d ; , 1 2o . 6 t + 1 o . 2 3 a t Q .

E r - S 0 z ; = 3 O , S+ ; L | / . 9 @ ) .
.,i) fylcn1 /ioe dr'Prolo P, . R-cad /;:/.+z-ia.s+.
'{;- 0.02g+-2'o.o/o8G).
* !;-
0 Thu. is a voltag+ ninitaum at ,!'o.oJ6,\.

P.s-23 x/2-2l , An'f,? (<m).

Firt* vollz.ga nr'nirn.tr,rt Qcc-urs af t!- - O-t t\.

*
a) l. Slarl frorn Pr" and ro{arfc
Caun{crcjoc.,wht o. t o r\
fornard thc loa,d to Pr',
2. Droq fhe lf l-cireto,inlvstci-
ing linc oPo, al Z (S.Z).
3. Ioin ofl', ialorsccling l*e lrl-
et'relo al Pt.
 4. 2oad zr.=o.6ts-jo.lts.
+ Zr-9oL- 3j'75-i2t'7t (n).
I'
6) f=+lf t,=*"izst.s.'
c) If Zr= O, *hc f;rsl voltago ninimun would be at
"2
S^;4t Zi=\/Z - 25 (c^) fro^ *$e shat-cireuil.
rh
'kicr,lt
;ng L'nc
P I-z+ f = 2xtos (H'),
. t.77. -\. = /. 5 (,^). + I : ? - o. 3,/5(^)
C horor*eris/ic )rnper/n-nce of ;,,vire '{vwo-r,yire
Tctctrler-
lront,n,'ssion /,'n., 2^:r/ z3A'3oo -- /4g (L).

Co, o /ort/e's air //ne., f,rorn E7' (s'ss ) a-n4 (r-z+),

7
H, 'o= ltl L - +/{: cosh-'(*)
-
)t:

/+ g -- 7y6: corl"-, (*)

Qiron D : 2 (c-) - a(wire roJ;,r) = 0. 94 (cn)

P s-zs zt = (2s +2>r)/so = 0,9 t j o . - 9 , yr= /-h,

a . ) See con"/rc.e't'ion.
P,t Z"-0.grio.E.

P r: Y t = / ' i / = Y s+r J , : o'

lx. Prt Y r r =l + j l ,
* Jz : O./6 L^+ (a.s-o.?I il_\
: o.324)-.
G : bu= /, -rl,=(o.z;*ot2s)^-
^ll

: O-7TSX.
,9 bgr=-? l.u{- (o.t7r- o.2s))_
$': -= o-/acx.
'l-

t
t
6g
F
&
t
I
I

t"_
 *. 2oad zt=o.6ts-jo.tzs.
* Zr-jozt- 33.75-j2t.7g(n).

6) f:#t,=*"i:st.s.'
,'2 c) If Zr= O, *Ao firsl voltagc niainun would be at
S-,4t1 Zi- ^/Z ' 2f (c^) fro^ +$e shot-cireuil.
rl)
'kicr.ir,
irrg h'ac
P I-z+ f = 2xtos (H.),
. t.77. .\ = /. S('^).+ I : + : o.3'/F(^)
C horor*er) s/ic )rnleJnt',re ucrrler- i,vire'lvvo-r,vire
# 7
lront,n|ssion /,'n., 2o:r,fETTi{ : /48 (L)'

,Cor o /otr/er', air /,'ne, [.o,-, E7' k-:e ) an4 (r-z+),

- +/t: cost>-,(*),
\,
"o= lT
/4y = Ac Lorl,-,(*)
Q;ven D : 2 (c-) - a(wir. roJ;rr) = o. 94 (c-).

P g-zs zr: (zs +;:.r)/so = g , g t j o . S , fr: /-*.

a.) See conslrcaetion,
P,t Z":0-5+7o.9.

P"t /t=l't/= Ygt-J, -0.

lx. Ptt Y n r =/ + j . 1 ,
- dt = O./ 6 L +@.s- a I I d,\
-- o.32+)-.
Pr", brr=/, -+/,=(o.zstoet)x
= o-J7Sx.
iJ, ber=-?1.*1,:(Osrr- s))_
o_2
$': -= O-/2sx.
't-

51
P. g- ze F o , Zo- Z S (' - fI) : /.5.20 ' I
fo
I Compctred
y,:*f,_0.667 V) P"obi'en, P s-2t

/ h- re?u ire4 flor145, [i2.4 s]u 5 c<1ui#a_nce-s are

bi,:-4,: tt- : I /.e.

The- /occtfioo*rf p-irtlt 1* and J;&-nt
Q'are-ncLl
ly'le-hove t 4'= o. 4c4 ^. ^,..,J 2i- O.o 7.4,t,
Ti, e-r e a.re no c6ong,u" in 1$- /acs*'o,rs aty'$e s{ubt,
d,': J,: O, o-,-J 4r': J, : o.324 L.

t r!J_ G iv.,', ' 7s (n) , ,S : 2.4

?
V^in of o. z ? i (,n) atn cl t. 2 3 g (,-) f.o,-, /oJ.
-A.:2 x ( t z 3e - d . j
3 s) = L so (-).
@. t(,0)
Fi"s i V-,na-t : c.i s4x
+#
hrom luod .
&-- L/se a- Srr','+h cAa.rt.
t- / D"aw a, cen{ered ci"c/e (4oshea)
" 'throug,A S =2-4
poini.
2- Loca,{e point Q {or 2, {ro,nY,;^ (po,nl
on e x{reme. /e{t ) o- lg 4x (c/ock*'i'e.)
'loworJ 1$< /aa.d. j
L= t.31- 6.?S .
*/
a) a - + r-/5 -
./.1: z"* 1o4.3- jrz.s (jL)
3. Lccxl. 4A. drao,.lr|.o/, o/fosi.t<-
p o t.'nt P^ 4o {,.n j lt : 0. aig t j O.}4.
/2.o.4 o.04+^- aJ ltainr Q'.
4- L(s.'fh" Snrith chs.rf q-s 6(n a&nithne
cha.r* anJ T|nJ
+he- inlec-:ecl|on o( ah.l1l-c-ir<(e wi+h tL,e-g=t circle
o-+ P,t /B= 't + jOtz. R"cJ 0-/60;- q{ G,
D Loca.iion qF =4.'b O:or:r*&f-
"effri-O.076\-o./73(h).
5' h or I - <:t'r cuile 4 slu L / e.ng/ h 1a g r'v.- be=- o. ?z : / = o.3 izx- o. 29,-
=O. /)2A--O.23C6,)

70
 ----
I

I
I
t
t
P. g-Zg
I Llte Smith chqr'f ar a.r't irvp<.da.ace. cha-rf .
,S'-rr.e conrt'ruelion q-sthql )o pro-6/em pg-2g, e.xcept point
Pscwou/d be.al lhe. exlrerne- /e,ft (mor/<<J 5y o ,) o''.(
I'h- circle becomes 4 r=/ Clrc-/e-.
S:/
P,t 2"= (2s+j ze>/so = 0.9 +j0.5.

T wo i b l a 5 a f c t T J c t n: s
ryoss
At Pr' zsr- t+it.
---+ cl3 - (O. t(Z x_ O. ogf).) : e. o7+ ..

At P"t zst=/-i/'
---+ dr: (O.lSg,r--O.OCg^)= O.29o)..

k ^ci.ieve a. rno-fch \,vi+h - Seriee s{ub h<-uing

^/ 35
4: it Ro , w< n"ed a ncrrna.Jized s{<tA reoe{a-nce-
'\,
-)# -- -2'/.213 $er so{e&;ln c.orrzspa,iing lo Pr. Fronl

5p,ifh chor-f ,.ve tn4 *he- re-oui.e-Jsfub (*5*h

/r=o'347^,
5;r ;/<r-, ly dor' -so(q1ioo @r.e-spon4,'ry 12 P^, d 5*u/krryth
,lt rxith o.-no.rnaliza4 fea.lon.e- -S'/.43 is nee.Je4rwh;-$
) c"fu)ret a- slu$ /"->gth ./r= o'/si'\.

J
(m).

;^-
30i.

7t
 eb^*s: q
Wa rtg u i de.s a nci,Qeso,',alo,'s

,D.q - /'We- c,se-f7". (q-;+t c r n J ( f - s ? ) - f o . Z r u a n J Zrc

respecfively For ct)r, 7 :1o:/2o"t(r )--377 1lL)

a) The narrha/rzed w€\ve

q
?a
=a
/'ft P. Ja nces-ct re y/ o#e.t
t
c<sskcwrn.
r \ o T M = t t o l/'- r T r t
I b)
t--/'
,
,t
!
xl '7 4r
- kT€

z /t f : r., f", /@ --4,117.

Zrr: o,4/7 rlo: lgZ (9),
Lre= =hT - gol (g).

At f =2.1f., /ryf :r/,4*.J- o.s?/.

Zr.: o sq|,?o:3J<&). 2rr=#:+23 GL.).

P o-Z F.orn €7 ("t-tg), F = k/ r- c7' : #/ t -1*;'.

(^) ta
1/ =-
(ur/u) p
F ( r-G,/tf
I a) uj :42;:uJ/-(+)'
Ir-

(h\'* . (-f ,\' : t

\.,(,/ \ f I
w h i.6 i,t <1,col.s t'o-f +4e
n/J)
g raph of (u"/"<") ploaad versus
(*"-/+) )s a-'uni* lircle .

7;
 b) 2n 2npt '
ie: (j) ,t/ - (tJ;r
T v r - (f./tf

QA) zAtr
I-/t:

i Zre

|roph shewn an fh.-/<Fr.

\ve-

#e.l
) At I /f" = t-2e,
u, /"t: 0.6a, )g/x = /.62,
(, / f")
u, /ut.: /. (7 .

P 9-3 Fo, TF vtt<vzs A e-/vvec+: in(;n ite- p <cr^al I e./- p I a-)e.

t//a\/9g-ricle. r'n Ft ra. V- ) txe- -sqlve +Ae Fo//o,*rh3

O",, aycra-Jion f-r Ult)' .l'Afllt*

h-Hlry):o,
'i
' 1r4, dy'

(e). with H"(y,il = fllct)?7 foupJoT con./i+,'o-.slo

be :q.lisli <J n/ th* conJq.h'"5 p/^/<s a - J - e:

lL) dH!rv)=
fr o a-{ y-o anJ /:b.
d) Prop{ 5e/u/ron, H: V) - Bn,"' (ry) ; h = T, tt-12,3;,.
b) fro,-,f7.(7-24),f"- # =
#
Fror-, TE, moJs, n=/, (f,)rrr- #
e ) Inslo-n/at+?-.,ur; fic-lJ expre->siun.s &rr rntQa,
TE,
ko1v,z; t.) = 8, .o, (H cos(a)t-fiz',, F,= ^F@
K, (y,Ljr) -- ff s, s in ( ni9 sin (q1q
-f,r)
E* (y,z;t)-- # P, sin (#) s;. (*t-f,z).

7s
P?-t_ P a , r i s ( a ) c + o c l Cb) - s) m i/s- r 1o Pr cb/e^ P. 7^3
a.) Phut" exp.esrions .4r d'e./J conpsnert*s o{ fe modes,

l"(y, z) : Bnc"t {:"rz) tf"L

"
- &h< ,^,
/ -(+)'
i" / ' n= /,2 3''"'

!J, (v, z) : .j.* Bn ;in (!#) n- i/"".

t* (y,.> - iff Bns in (T) e-if,',
b) F,-o,nf7 (t-26), hn:
#
c) S u,{ace cure.f f s . 6 5 l t i e s; f, : Enxi,
-"€ r
C n l o w ., p l e fe : Jrl: a,- x fr @) = i* 8, a jf"".
0n upper plare, - r x t t C t ) = dr 1-rf "8,€ if"o
1-: !rat.

-l Jst 14r n ooa\

\- Isl *. n cven.

Pq-; o-) AS:2x2.'o5:5.3Okm).

fo . T E rc mo d e : *9-= (Hz).
f.: 2a. 2Jx* l o{ = :5d/o1
.925
L"-:2o,:?xQ.o2e : a,OS G?).
Front (q-zc) (q-3t): (*)' 12 7L
7 -t,
{ct. qnJ :
,^3/
J: ^* to1=
#;, !:ii i;r*,9
b) LJs= Smith chart. )n",* lrl- #- j .,-. bfhrougl>s=2
Fiot.
,Sh,l+;ry\ 1o*va,J fo*d /.,y #: o.trl+
p/<".s ?"i"t & /,nrr. (/te boy' fu.5-o.tSilx,
=o.3$l A g low.-d {L eg-r-rertr,

,L-_-,J 4-: o.qg+jort.

zr€ot- = ##-t4761)
ffi
-* / r= (Q-?qt 2o.at)x 511 - t44 + ilio <9) .
- 8.r7 (w),
c-)
1"^r- lo (r- *)

74
 Pq'6 TM,, -uJe io air-{;((eJ recr\ngu(ar \,vaveguicle
Olerali,-tg zt a-r3u/or {.t.71'/ency u:zrJ (re. Ff.?-1s):

a) E)tr,y)= Eos;.(ff:)s;^(T)
Jap+ing 4-o in [7.s (f-ir)ll-ro1sh (?-r+)'

H)r*,y) = =ffP)Eusin(T)r",(uu
),
+#
H|t,,fi : - # u; =- ff H Eocos
(X),;n(T),
Ef,t*,y)= - co'f#)s;"ff).,
#,'#:-#El E4
d ,.r,=- #,,# - *r@:,, ,,,,ry)
..,(!),
- h). t/aria.lions
,.*hu,. h,l = (+)'o (€-)' ,
f,:1/r^ty'e
in are deswri6er/ by the y''cfor ,"t4lz
z-direc,+ion

b) Fro-9.cr- zd,(4)r.,,:fi" - ;fTV,

(1 x -c'1Mtt
i,,=*- :-L=
-) (f.)r,,1,,
. ) - T= ): :-: ec: -' -
'3
-

F,, r't-(f./f)' {f'-f.'

Q':/'21Gm), b:3'4a (cm)'
P q-l Recfangular waveguide:
2
Hz)
E7.(9 - as): /;1 -
t-\s/1nn_
L
,m
t.
Mod"s wi*h lAe -rhorlesl A" ( S (cm) a're:
f

0.6ilr, Mode TEto T E,^ T Eot TEt,fTM,

A kn) | 4,4 7.20 6.s0 5. ls

a) For A - lo (<m)"t /he only ProPaga{ingmode is TErr.

b) For A = 5 (crn)t fAe. p.opa,Safing mod"^s *re:
TEo, 7Ero, TEot, TE4, and TMtr-

II T5-
I
I
I
I
L
P.q-s =
#F(^,n).
e) a:2b, F(m,n1=/ffi b) a: b, F(^,r2 =JT6.
Modes F&rr,n)
7En I
7Eot, TEzo 2 7E,r,Tt4r, | ,12
7 8,,, rH,, J? TEor,TEro 2
|
7Eo, 4
7M,t Jii
TMaz ,l2o

? q-q .f - S x toa (Hz) , x-r/f -o.f (m).

Lc.f a.=kb, t(kcz. (f,)^,=
(r ',
4\m,.
a) \lJrr= L lt tot
hr fhe dominanl TEroaodc.
ff
t-or f >t2(f)tu.' a>o.o6(m).
Thc ncrf h;gher-ordcr aodc is TEo,wlsh Cl,>rf
Y.
fr, f <o.g(f)ot: b<o.o4h).
We cAus. a= G.S (cm) and b = 3.9 (cm).
b) u. - $.a - 4.To x lat Ca/) ,
r { t -(Nzaf
-.t
xs- o.ts7(r,) = fS.7 (cm1,
mEff.=
= 4o.l (rad/m)t
F: + 'n
(zrr\o- mt'- 5?o(fr)-

76
 -l--
I
I
I
Pq-to Q iven : d = 2.Sx lo'2 (m), L =f.st lo'2(t^), f '7. s , toe(Ht).
a) -r.-f :#-o.o4(m),
/

4=rlm =o.Go,.
\S- ^/F, - o.0667 0rr) o 6.67 (cm),

= (rad/n),
F Zn/xr= Q4.2
[* ' ,l' lot (r'/il,
uf
"/E
c '1 ' l't x lot (m/s)'
\=
(Zrr)n= ,lo/i :2oott = 629 ULl.
b)X=?-b-o.o233 (m),
Fr'=@ =o'g2e
,
^S - ^'/F, - o.ot+3 (m) = 3.13 (cm,,
2n/^; = f93.2 (rad/m),
F'e
' i = u / 6 ' 2 ' 5 7r l a t ( m / s ) ,
ij = t '4.= t'?s t lot (rn/s),
(Zrr).= (tL).
#.
b
h-323

P 9- I t Par* G-) Ao.s been cJone in frob)em P. g'6, parl h).

il Llse-E7, (t-tt) *o {in4 th" av?+d.le Po\^/er I ransmi*fed

a lonq /he wo.ve2etais.

P 9'tz +) Er{*,Y,2;)=fosin (toonx)s;tt(/oory)cos(2np'or-f z)

Eos;n(4) t;r(f,i co'(2ro'orfz)-

M od" d ope rof ian : T M, t4 : 2nf : Zzr/oa (rad/s).

77

-"i

.j
 =?J(tl'*(4)'
b) ('.!.),, : +/ - l/,-\7 , a -,, /--..----

##
: i.+ g x ic, (l{").

F : ,4/'-Gi: #[t -H"I: /// (raa/ra).

i
7.
G-zz) ( Zr*,),
?, F€l :3zZy/,--r '
37zxo.'i3 -Zoo(!,).
3x/c" : O.0566(^)=s.ss(.^)
ffi;;

P 9 - .: TE qode i n C.o25Gn) xo.02t( t' .- ,,tctir - { ;t/.r /^s7.r ar ?

W.:\\/egUide:
Hrr4/.,2;t) - h,s<,tr(#) ror,lfx)ros (at_fz)
(d+ -2goz)
cL: ry : 8o?r: #,, -':::"n:::)cos
--+ TEo, rno-le.

b) Fro,..n {f - ( 7-< s) :
(f;0"=' = - /. 2 x Toto
(H,) =t z (gll").
? * * #-
Fl.om E7.c?-3s):P:?,F@ - Z*,ffi:.
f : J74'14 = - /.Y,tta''elo)
7t^ 2-a ' / \q113/'
:/7(&H),
Zru=
ffi: J#.-Sdd(tL),
A! : x/C@T : c/yuQ@ : 2.24 x ri t 7,o7: 2. 2 4 (co,).

p, =
vc)'t ro.v=+fbfbl+f r-.r..=afpn'Ht
4Y fb--;o'(ffx) Jx
T )o Jo trrex 4 zr" Jo
: (zrr).,ab ui (+,) _ zgo (W).
\2'/4ztx

78
 P 7-/4 Substiluting E7 G-fz),', ;
9.(7-24)
a-) -r vv,'(-)*,)
-h'f''"
: r[a7-n'{, - irlq (rrV, -h)-'
i l''"
x 'T'o
i/r'*n, {,- @7.-h')-'t
Fro- f7.G-ze), @r: aJFr@.
ftei"e,
y=d4nif,
wirh 4 .j=T'/z@*r
-Qf1.r | = %4
(fQre
rr)
e") A/' f - + t (o1(fu), TEro E '/hz on/y />raf c,-e*fi-\s,
,o rna4e ,^tAic/> 6o.t q eu{c>t$ fr*/u.n.7 #

(f.)rr,o:# : # : ta';'g.1{#
--3xroe
G{-).
Th-r, d4= }ffi : o.oo?e(ny/d-ooz4(+8D.
P.q-rs (f.)*n=
ilffi
a') (f),o- '
* t' \i"aie = 1x /o1(H): 6 (Qu).
Ncxt higA.t moJe: b -42id b ' = 4 5 O a b=0.79a

)
(f)or
# 24 (t CGHz)
(f.)t,=*i/,.Gf >1.7 | 3.+ to ( *(+)
tyJro=t @
'cm).
@ tL (Gtlz)
o,8.9 ,| |L o.a9x12 0.6 l8
Llsa6 lez b q,J,n;e+h is

o *oa /./f ,1:6.9 (eH)loz

P+rerisril/o lanJsi4tz*
lo.L
3.t(ard
/o.L
3.rlatl)
e.a (61'tz)
xfjiS

b) Fro^t7.G-toD,pa,-I,rgr-2t.3+(*).
+ P o u : 9 .j ( w ) & r b - o . z e a , a n d t o . Z f t D { o r b - o . S o e .

71

j_
 e_=O.Agkn), b : O, O6 (m), d = O.QS (n).

t{'^-
^ n ?.:
/. g x los F(n,-,f), f(n, x,f ) - too/(7)'. (?S',(gy.
E /o-r"./ -6r der t4oJet a rtJ /f>e.,'r re tonanf
ryrf f.e9uen.,i.r,

W:: I F (m,n,P) f -n* ;n (&Hz)

TM:to I :o.g3 3. /zg
T€ rot 23.5s 3.57s
TErtt 26.o3 3. no,
jE', r, TMr,, 28. ss 1t-3tL
T t4yo 3c. og + Ea7
T Eert .3 2. 02 4. goz
T Mtzc | - ?9 . 6 0 9.3 40

P. q*;z cx) Since d >a->b., *he /owesf-orc{e.r t?son46f

ftiode is 7€ro, r-rode.
r -eF- - a
rtot T/ ;r, 4 - 1. Bo, x rg, ( 11)
= l.Yoz' (g.F{z).
b) ,:ram E7 (e-/2o): I
I
*tot-:
D
v {,o,
P-rf2@
,/'too-bd (a} +41) I
I
I

,ffi W a.64( a.' +d' )

I
- I
: 6 '8 6 1 .
From E7t.G- /(4) e.nd (g-rrs):
W" - *roFo' -t o f,:, H: : o.07z3 x t6tz g7S=
o.ozztet),
Il-
I
w^- fr ob4 (# * r) Hi - 0.o773
(f ;r)-we .
I
I
80
II
J_--
 P. g - /s 1r:2'5.
r - t * l:t l -
a) )t/t
L { a, 4t
: (f,,,)g: 3.r 32 (Gtaz).
t
A) n :l(n\
w(oJ = 5,162.
(€r)'/a\"tot/go

c)
W_ (W)ru: o.oz73(pr)= W^.

-,/Va
t

P q-te .a|' : :
v
{Tftotloq
r
r ( o t:
sl=
Zla:
a-

a') 4,-* - +Jn"/m :6.soo

/ q, s oo (21'/+- /a
+ a-- O.o2gqGn)-2.9q (cm).

b) f*, - & : 7. j+ (qU") .

t c) For copper, 6-5.to^/o7 G/n).
o
Q,o, G .To.,
- 6,sool 'rii - 12,443.

P.9-zo n -
,[ffi"r a-bd (at+ d')
*{o{

a) For a.-c! : t.sb - o.o31 f^), b -o.o2 (m).

i,o,=+{{ry - t.r7q,toe(L)-s.sqxto1
(Hz)
Qtot- 4o.zz,/VF - ll,O lg.

b) Fo, Q'rn- l.2o Qrct --r 6'- l.zo2b : /-44 s o. oL

- O-o2ss (ft) = 2.g? (crr.).

gl
 W
Antenna.s a.nd Antenna- A..ays

P. to- t From EV. (/o- /z) a:-rd Qo-/4) :

a
L T- g t,9,
r 6) - 4n8t ?o-
!1

Mqximum E, of 4, occur at €- n/r .

o - DP, - Eo'.
'j aw 4 zAt ,r?o
>?oDP. ^
-, o
7-2- ; 11-/F
D:1'5, - o,/ox /E x /o3 (w|
Z1TZ, I
--+ E o - o : o g z z ( v / - ) - 9 r . z (n v /^).
H o : # : O . Z s gQ , . A / m ) .
ao

U^o,
P /o-z a) ^ -
"_T Uno*- 50.

tl
frIuao
#L"[o{r,n'n cosgsinede d4
= 2.6s (tu/s,).
--"r> D=#=lg'95,
or l2'7'GD.
b) L{.^t:
+
P, :4n Uon- 4?rx2.4, -33-3
l.
- J,'f ^ t
2-i,Kr'
---* -a_ 2 P,
Kr-T:
-i T-rc.zcstl.

g2
 .P./o' I fq.ra*ion of Confinuity: V-J:'j-_e
/
.l 7 t-\
-Q
)t-
j_
(A
-T'

^) Z (z) - Io cos zarz +

^7o
F:=-:Stn27TZ
1c

F=+:27
1 Lt/ovelenS th z, - | Crri..

/2)i rz)- zo( , - *t zt)+ f":

t:lH 2i'"'.oo
P ro-4 ^: #:3oo(n), *- #- j;..t (41../z;on
J;polr).
w). a ) pod;oh;on re^sishnu, Pr: f,orr2(*)': tgz (n).
6) E q . ( i o - 3 o4) ,: , f f -W : 2 . 6 t xt ; 4 l . s } .
E r e - ( t o ' 2P? L) ,- o . r r ,( e ) * \ , :
|r'(d!)'-
.(#): &-gs.s%.
c) E7.(to-zey:P, = ^' )
* lt'l"-"'-*{*"= tq(^v/n)'
(ro-,o7'
87. 1r;;*!$e;'${i
rr (t?)=?f r_j'1: S. o /, /.6,6D.
l.17 t rc"
-?:#-3(-).
I
Di p olt bngf h : /-l Cm)+ T d;pole.
* 2, - 73. | (sD.
'^+
t1 /.fL
tsowe-r losf , fL: h f (zoco'/z)zJz
.:
#-6t/:: (AsLx
rr= oe?s(F)
(*')8,:7r.t (*).

g3

.1
i
.t
-il
.:t
'I
!
1
P,lo-e a.)
Ee -,i /fT'( r - #S eir'co'e
dz
W

- .m c'jf| Frs)
,
un'i -
fu"-jP"FG),
FG) = s;ne[t-ct!(tt gasdJ.

In case hrr, , cos(fhcosl)a t - {(fhcost)', an4

f
Ftcl * *(t''s;n e'
E, = # oile6 ptsine)
='ry sine,
r"4-iVa
Ho - r-ifa g fh sino)- sine.
* i#trttlA
b) P,- *{T"r ri r'siaedad{= $ [nrr,(+),J,
R,= P,/(*il = Zan'(*)''
c), = * + raloe
o-t.o@s1.
ffi qh:rc
P./o- r xb t ( H ) _ > ^ : : 1 , 6 4(7, n ) .
l:/eo
?: #
h: 4O (m).<<)- ,,^tilh /riarrgctlay, cu.rcnf distribuf,bn.
a-) /r,-o'-t P-oLle,n .P;/0-6, tse ha-we , ( fg= +)
-*ro-
ll"l^,^r7 ^ioo:r.rr(av/^).
ffi
lH+l^or: ItJ^^,- ff: 7,sI x /o-'(A/d=7st(y,</^).
f
b) P, : +I"" I;": zntsineJe -
- # (frq' (i) =s(fhz)-:$rf^'"tl*2;"?ede
! l+'"'GIl
= ryx +ori (#V)':,,t36.s(w)= r.r+ (2w).
,) 2r= Zp,,/ti = o-227 (ft).

r4
 -v

P 'to- g 4- l ) LF ' t
P(one paftern {unction {or }f er4o'o,n
clipole is , from E7. ( /o- rd,

F^( e) = -s in €.
Mo*. Etu) : { a t € o- ? o "
: F-
(4)=*
T; _'::': ;':7,"i,,
-+ Be-a,nwi4+h A€: Or-0,-?oo
,\
6) t -plane pay'lern {un.h'on hr ho?-wz,ve 4ipo/e-
it, from €7. (ro-sr),

F^rc)-- cos{(v/?)coseJ
---7^
b\v. a
lVlo" (6,)- I qt Oo=7c".
6
^
fb. I I P otars, Ooiofs al f5(€,'):${ei)=t .
-+ B"oavvidth A0'= 0r'- ei- / 27"- S/"- 7gi

P. lo- to Ltse E7. (to-27):

F(e) - cos(fAcos.e)-cos.PA
Srn O

For 2h:/.25A-,
). - cos(r.zsil
-lcos(r.zsncosel
tlffe>l
rr?rl-tfl |

lU;a+h af mainb.a,n Ae{*.rn

thc- .first nulls
= 2x53./3' =tO6.26".

85

i
.i-:
rf
*
-_rj
-..{
:l
,l
P io-rt Use 87. (/o- to) for Herlzian dipo/<s.

-a : E,rc)'t E,@)
-rAo
: -; i ( z h ) _ _"-j|r'
#1/'i,r(#_#)
n
I
Ln (be
tl ^
far zor1e,
-/
P- ;
n I
R- <l cos O.

a-)Ee= 7op sineA/2

t#
' (l * la'f 4coseS
= +Prf ,iPrc-lcosdF(il,
where F{e) = sin€ cos($ro, e).

5.14 =)./z ,

lF@l- ls; n e cos(! cosgl.

:) d=:.,

lf?Sl-ls, ne cosgrreo,il1.

86
p/o-/L /ior an a.rray o{ i.Jenlica/ e/ernenls sf a.e4 .<
c/r'-tf aoce c/ c\pc<rf , we 6ovu, {rom Ff . (/o-g+),

Iti : #eo tFc1t)ll*,*1, ;

\vhe-rc ( --fJ singcos/+f .
In lhe H-p/or. aF a. d;po/e , e : r/z , F (!, 4): /
<t-) J=4,9-+' ,\
Dta=
r 1z\
?,
,-
?::'
n'

oil--i, +i=1,
I,q, * lI t,,.-+)ll
. lA@)=
..t ,nn| . +trl
l l c o s ( f f c o s (+ t ) l .

I
Jatt

P./o- tE Five - elemenf broadsi{e- |inomia.la-rray.

o) P.otafivc cxcila*ion amplihtdes: f :4:6:4:1.

b) I r ra,y {acfar : /A e | - cos(!c." g)11
|
c; cos( *cot{ ) =QV) .' /o
€ g = 7q.c6".
Hal{-power f,eamwiJ+/1
= 2 ( go' - 74.96' )
: jO.29..
For uai{orm a"?4v , {ro^ Eo.(tt-Eil :
r.
llsn(Fcull('' -E-i'7*3t'
TtWSi
Half -po*c, beo^wid+h {oc S-alct*rr{ llnifonne*A
witA 4a tpact'r! = 2(go,-7E.6t.) - 2O.78..

g7
 P to^ lq 7ne n< Trna./;zc4 a.rra.y SacaaT at iAe{;u._
e/<r'ter# ra.pzre-J arrqy 1j

iAc^.ili= + I / * zei!+3 J2** z {'3* + e;+{!

- + -,
tl ";,* [z z, eii + {iu) ("i'*+ ;;"*)Jl
: +
+ l 3 4 c . o s , l+
t L c c ,z {
I
craph tF V <" fS l r" .! it shown befow cntAe./e.Sr .
It/r.

-n -n/t
T )
1371/z

F o t b r o a J t i d e - , o p r r o f f o n : g : O . , J=, d . o " + = 1 r c o s $ .
, f
l ' i ( i l 1 = + l z + + c o s ( v c o sd ) + 2 c o s ( 2 j r c a s
+)1.
T'hrs is 2lot+ed a6aue- om +he rlgh+ . TAe {i.rt siJe,/o,1c,{e.,rel
|t 0.//, .b(ugr{//o.lt) = /r.2 (dE) a,awr,
"" {.o* fhe mo,.n_bea.m
rq d/a-1|on . Th is < o"r,p<l-rz, ,.vft6 O.--,
or y'? (d B) Cown frr r1he
.ive-- ./err',en-( qnf#rn broa-ri=,'Je- o.r.a7 shown ,h t],g./O-l/.
P.'lt- /5 F,o* -Qr. ( to-3?) and (/o-6d :
llol: ry e'jtpl"'t3,7, A,H;)Ay6t)l
whereA*(U):; !ffi, ,li- $*tino casf;
.A, / ,(*\:
tyt
t d!z*hL.
N2 sin(79V5,
,
7t : i;'
tv -
D)
t
sine cosd o
lr G,6tl= NtNz
I si" (#). s;"(4b) | .
IL serq,"'d1
sine J sin(f,t3;"(g I

8g

I
-r

P to- ta l.- r<z)dz .

h/' -h

a-) /l ertzi^n dipole of /eng*h c//.

J,(z) *- Z@1 , t-!at, s;^(rs#l=
f+
, S dt/+
= - .&.
/" J_orr" cos f z dz

b) l/a-/f - uvave 4,'p.o/e- ,uith h = L/4 ctncl J.rz):r(o) cospz.

rx/4
2 - ^
/ . =-f - -' '_=^c .o/,,p -z -J z : * s-t - - ro)t-
-'^\fT):
f- ,B p ?r
c) l l o l {-w o '.te dipo/e ,yith A://+ anJ a( z) =r ( D( t- 4t21/r ) .
r A/4
t": [:;* ( ,- +tzt/x)Jz = ,I^'*r,t - +z/,t)d,: .
t
l?to- tt A-
t-#='t (m)
- w^\/e dipole wir| srhcts6,1'q/q/ cqrrenf ch'strr!>qhbn
l'{^/f
Z(z) : J (s)s.r'. ( | -lzl) r 1 1) - +r'r

f \fT=t)
- J(o) cos
fz.
Frorn E7 (/o- (g) and P.ob/.,n P./o- /6 6) , l.= #.
f rom €V. (to-s€), vve hono,{ar 0 = 17/2,

1 : + r' @)
P,n r@7ry-F =z+,,u,).
lE,l=###: 2-?6(v/m)
a)
l4"l=le,LI: 2.?6x $ = o,v4zu).
b) Fo, rnolched loal,
'P
L: V:: o'7+i' = ?(w) =
gR, gx?3.1 /. s a x lo /.52 Qnw).

I
I

s7
P to- rs ,q. (io-sd' pt_:
##r,
f :/fe(m), Pr:2x(o3(t*r), ^:-f =##:/h).
c') Para//e/ ha.lf- tA./awe Jipo/er ; 64
4:Dr=/,
Pr: ffiffi{,2,/oj: /.s/4x /c- ': ( w )
: /.5/4 (*, '"v)
b) Pora /rel l{e-rlzian d ipoles : D,: Dz: /.-tO
P, = /-st4 - (#)' : / - 2 6 7( m w ) .

P./o- rq .Froq E1s. (/o- /z) ancl (to- t+):

G _:
V'D
1nU(e,r.il _ 4trR'F",
'Dr .Dr
ll . r
1-;' in! t q". (/o - 40) an d (/o- 12,) ,h.Q:
,r
() -D-r l' 'c. r, l -: r / ^ i :cs(4cosdfz.
t' O.f
_ I
sio)
L I
a ) S u ,6 si i i 'q f i n s ( to- 7s\,
@ /'n €Z
l"re): o./3*f cos( *co'-ldlz
#ecel= st.'d
L
b) M ox. vo-lue o.FA"(e) for : /O* (H), >": :3 (a)
.f f
Occ<trs a f O ='T' Arq-o./3* = /.ri (m").
c) M o-r. yo.lu e o*
Ak) frr .f : 2x /o?(+b),L: /.9 (a),
A " ( g ) : o . / 3 x . / - s z= o . 2 i c * ' ) ,
wL; ct, i5.--rr,,1 o.lfor ,%on A.e)&r f =,/o{ft1)
becorts- 4re vva.yelergth is shar{er a! if :J/ rcPpz).

?o
 P./o-zo A,.t+ennq gain : /o IogroQ2,: 2o (c B)
- GD: /oo'
,f- 3^loq(Hz) - :f:3':/-/fi- O./ (m).
a) Fo ^/er {en-, ily a.1 ra-ryef1 - e"
ilu
dT-
"r FIr: #ffi:o.ot4r (w./*')
Er-/o.o/47x2Y377 = 3.39 (u/^).
b) Power fnlercepi"d Ly large/ = {urf, = /Sx o. O/4? - O.224 (0.
c)Scut(ered
1)ornrtr 4ensity ay' radq.r e.nf enna
Y,= #- Zffi- 2.7rrro-'o
(w)
Ref /ected po,,ye.raAsor.be4 by anlennct :
4 A"
= 2./exto-h(fi c): 2./rxto-'(#, roo)
=zzir' /i" (w)
U =tz.t (fD.
P /o-zl [art'h rqdi.ts -6,39o (k,-).
Al.(;lu./" of geosyncAronous sq./elhles - 3 6, f Ao ( L.,)
Qecs yneh"aus orbit raJiu' = 4,lgo+g4roo
:44(so (kn)'
t . -t/ 6.sso.
Y- s,n'(WiT)=8.561
{- 7o'-{.s6"- gt,*4"
a) Two sqlelllfes cover only 2r(2f)-):.e"
< i40:
U"u /hr"e se.lzlfites io eTuqforia(
p(o-ne, 3x (z{'S = 4 8?o>3 60?

Po/or rggioas are naf avared Ae-.aqse

'9'<qoi
b) L.t Pr- Poru., fcaasmi(lcd ly sa-/e/li.t:e-enlennq-
fl= Po*., densily wilA;a t'Ae eo.!1€
=# e
f ,uo of cone,<ap on earth - l:lU r Lsino 4e d+
- 27/r' (/ - cot
*) : Zn r'(t'/D- 1f (F{):

ql

:l

$
.i.{

,i
J
1
i
P lo-zz a) fr.n fq. (/o-so> '
'p* - ( 4 r r ) ' 'pL '
e-erti
where lAe sqbsi..7r'1)4s e can{ s Je+rofe €arfh o-,J

9q.te /l i'le resP e c* i v e ly.

) --.- x loj
*e- - Z. /4 x /d" ,-),
/4 x'lO?

Q-: / o(e'/to) - 3. i6 , ,/Os;

x"- j# - 2.go x tdz e",
e": lo(tr/td - 3. t6 x lot.
r - 3.6s x to7 0n) , Pr- 8 x |dt" (w).
--* Pt - 2.1 (@.

[7 Go-rys, P,- q (ff)'e.

b) F:-om
A.- fie-:% xs.t6xto,
- I | .9 .fint).

',t) : fr | z.ttr to'Li 3.!s'r ,ot't

\t, O.g x ld:L
2E\ 'tr,s
/
- {,5+ * tct2 (w) = /.51 (iw)-

q2