MECHANICAL PENCIL

GROUP MEMBERS:
• R. SRI HARAAN A/L M. RAMESH
• RUBENESH A/L SUPRAMANIAM
• AINSSA BT SAIDI
• NURUL FATIHAH BT RAHIM
 History of mechanical pencil
BRIEF HISTORY In the 18th century, mechanical pencils were first used with many patented
designs in the 19th and 20th centuries and are used to provide lines of
constant thickness without sharpening in technical drawing and writing.

Sampson Mordan and John Isaac Hawkins in Britain patented the first
mechanical pencil with a mechanism that propelled the lead and whose
lead could be replaced
 MECHANICAL PARTS
IN THE MECHANICAL PENCIL
S HA F T WHAT IS A SHAFT?
• A shaft is a structure where the mechanism fits into and to which the chuck is
often attached

HOW IT WORKS?
• the pencil lead is extruded by pushing a button to the side of the main shaft
• The pressure will apply to a shaft inside the pencil which moves towards the nose
• The shaft is composed of two parts: an inner and outer shaft.
• The button applies pressure to the inner shaft while a right at the pencil’s nose
holds the outer shaft stationary
S PR I NG WHAT IS A SPRING?
• A spring is an elastic object in which mechanical energy is stored

HOW IT WORKS?
• The spring gives power to push the lead out
• A spring is connected to the inner shaft as well as the outer shaft which forces the
shaft back to its original position after the release button
• When the button is pushed, the spring will compress to allow the clamp chuck to
open while when the button is released, the spring will close the clamp chuck.
 Total spring wire length:

Od = outer diameter,
𝑑 = diameter ,
𝐷 = mean diameter ; od - 𝑑
CALCULATION
Length of wire in one coil;
FOR SPRING
= π x𝐷

Total length of the spring wire;

= wire length in one coil x total number of coils
 Spring index, c;
!
=
"
CALCULATION
Shear stress correction factor, K s;
FOR SPRING
#$%&
= #$
 THE
CLAMPING WHAT IS A CLUMPING CHUCK?
• A chuck is a specialized type of clamp used to hold a radial-symmetrical object

CHUCK HOW IT WORKS?

• The clamping chuck is pushed down when the button is push and the chuck ring
is slid along with it
• At the same time, a ring is opened at the nose allowing the lead to be propelled
forward by the moving inner shaft
• Once the button is released the ring closes, the clamping chuck pulls itself back
into the chuck ring and holds the lead in place as the inner shaft retracts.
THANK
YOU