SWAMI KESHVANAND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT

& GRAMOTHAN, JAIPUR.

3ME8-Basic Mechanical Engineering Lab.
EXPERIMENT No. 1
Study of the various mechanical tools
Objectives :- After doing the experiment, student will be able to
• Know the working of different tools.
• Recognise the different types of tools

Theory

A hand tool is device or an instrument usd to do a particular job by an individual without requirement of
any motor or external power source.

Some of the widely used tools are explained below :

• Fix spanners

• Ring spanners

• Adjustable spanner

• Socket set

• Plier

• Nose plier

• Pipe wrench

• Hammer

• Screw drivers

• Micrometer

• Tachometer

• Torque wrench

• Feeler gauge

• Taps

• Dies

• Reamers

• Inner caliper

• Outer caliper
• Electric tester

• Vernier caliper

• Flaring tools

• Fix Spanner :
These are hand tools with a handle carrying jaws or a hole of particular
shape and size designed to grip a nut or bolt head, to hold or twist than,
these are available in set of 6 pieces, 9 pieces, 12 pieces, 15 pieces, 18
pieces, 24 pieces.
On the ends numbers are mentioned like 12, 13, 15, 17, 16, 18, 21, 23.
They indicate a size of (number/24), for example A spanner of nuber 17
indicates the size by (17/24) inch.
• Ring spanner :
It’s a hexagonal ring jaw comprising of 12 pieces spanner set. They are
used tightening and loosening nuts and bolts. They are agan available in
set of 6 pieces, 9 pieces and so on like fix spanners.
• Adjustable spanner :
An adjustable spanner or wrench is a spanner with a jaw of adjustable
width, allowing it to be used to fasten different sizes of nuts, bolts, etc. It
is also known as shifting spanner.
• Socket set :
A socket set can be 12 or 24 pieces. Details of 24 pieces socket set are
following :
• Socket=19
• Ratchet=1
• Extension bar=2
• Universal joint=1
The sizes of sockets are in American standards i.e. in mm.
4(A) Sockets
These are available in different sizes in mm. A socket is attached to
the ratchet and is used for loosing or tightening nuts and bolts.
 4(B) Ratchet
It consist of a handle with a ratcheting mechanism built in, so it can
be turned only in back or forth direction. A socket has a cup shaped
fitting that grips the head of bolt and set on the fitting on the ratchet.
• Pliers :
Pliers are hand tools used to hold object firmly for bending or physical
compressing. It consist of a pair of metal first class lever joined at a
fulcrum position closer to one end of the levers scaling short jaws one
side of fulcrum and longer handles on the other side. Hence, enabling to
handle object with precision. Pliers are generally made of steel alloy with
additives such as vanadium or chromium to improve strength and
prevent corrosion.
• Nose pliers :
Nose plier can have needle type nose also called as long nose plier, pinch
nose plier. Nose plier are used by electricians and other trade men.
• Pipe wrench :
It is an adjustable wrench with a long handle. It is used for holding the
objects or for tightening and loosening the nuts and bolts of different
sizes.
• Hammers :
A hammer is a tool meant to deliver on impact to an object commonly
used to dividing nails, fitting pants and breaking the objects.
• Screw drivers :
It is a tool for driving screw. The screw driver are made up of a hand or
tip which engages with a screw. It also consist of a cylindrical handle
which is to be hold by human hand. It is made from chrom-vanadium
steel is available in various sizes.
• Calliper :
It is a divice used to measure distance between the opposite sides of an
object. The size of the caliper are adjusted to fit across the point to be
measured,the caliper is then removed and distance read by measuring
between tips with a measuring tool which as ruler.
Types of caliper :
• Inside caliper
• Outside caliper
 • Vernier caliper
• Micrometer :
It is a device incorporating a calibrated screw used widely for precise
measurement of small distance.
• Frame : C shaped body helds the anvil and barrel in constant
relation each other. It is thick because it needs to minimizw flexion
expansion and contraction which would distort the measurement.
• Anvil : The shining part that the spindle moves towards and
that sample against.
• Sleeve /barrel/stockes : Stationary round parts with linear scale
on it.
• Locknut/lockring/thimblelock : This part that can tighter to
hold the spindle stationary.
• Screw : It is heart of micrometer and is inside the barrel.
• Spindle : The sling cylinder part that the thumble cause to
move towards the anvil.
• Thumble : The part that ones thumb turns.
• Ratchet stop : Device on end of the handle or thumble that
limits applied pressure by slipping at calibrated torque
generally least count of 0.01 mm.
• Torque wrench :
It is a tool used to precisely apply a specific torque to a fasteners. Such
as nuts or bolts. It is usually in the form of socket wrench with special
internal mechanism. It was designed to prevent over tightening bolts.
• Techometer :
It is an electronic device used to measure revolution per minute.
Its tip is applied to rotating shaft at the point. Its axis passes through the
tip also rotates and that tachometer show the reading for revolution of
shaft per minute.