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T he so n g c y c le D
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th e la s t t w o m e a s u r e s in it s o ń g in a l v e r s io n (w ith a u g m e n te d r h y th m )

a t th e o r ig in a l p it c h le v e l (p r o v id in g a n o th e r e x a m p le o f a v a g u e yct
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lin e a r m a t e r ia l fr o m t h is b a s ic u n it is fo u n d in t h e v o c a l p a r t o f E x a m p le
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d a ls o a t te n d e d th e c o n to n e d iv is io n is th e S t r in g (1967 ) Q u a r te t N o 16
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i th e d e c a d e s
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d th e E n g lis h c o m p o s itio n a l s c e n e n T h e s lig h tly la te r S e re n a d e O p 3 1 fo r te n o r h o m a n d s tr in B s (194 3 )

i b s is t e n tly a s s o c ia te d d e s p ite a c y c le o f s ix s o n g s o ı 1 a c o lle c tio n o f v a r ie d E n g lis h te x ts c o n fir ıiıs

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a s b e g in n in g w it h th e s e c o n d
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Ex am e X V II 6
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x I h l e fo rm is d e t e r m in e d e v o lu tio n (le n d in
g it y c t a n o th e r a s p e c t o r in d c tc r m in a c y ) A s h c o n c e
p i o p ie c e t e a r g r
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o f e q u a l s iz e lin e y m e t h o d s S ln t c
O h i tic u l a r p a g e t h is tu r e ĺ 【 l fo r t w o p ia n o s (195 6 6 1) a n d P ti l o n li F ld
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f fo u r to m t o m s (d e s ig n a t e
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in d ic a te a m p lit u d e D o t t e
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tim e e n c o m p a s s e d b y e
le n B th o f th e b o x th e p e r fo r m e r d ıo o g g ro B

ı o n e a re u se d i a s i n l
B p c e r fo rm an ce o u t th a t d e c a d e In a n u m b e r o f w o r k s w
r itt e n fo r a s m a il p e r fo r m in g
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h h h s c o r e is r e a d fo r w a r
d o r (w h e n g r o u p h c e s ta b ı is h c d in c lu d in g P lu s / M in ıłs (19 63 ) P r o z e ss io n (1 96 7 )
T h e s e p r o ce d u re s a p p y l w e t e r t e

l f s ig n s a r e u s e d th e y a r e a n d K Urz ı u e lle n (S h o r t W a p e r 19 6 8
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alternate ontinuations m a y b e c h o s e n a t th e e n y (in E n g lis h t r a n s la t io n )
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b o r r o w e d m a te r ia l a s a s t r u c t u r a l b a s i s g t h e b a lı e t S a lo m e (1 9 7 8 )
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a i ty o f M s to r ic a l r e fe r e n c e s ; th e
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(b 19 3 4 ) w h o h a s u s e d s ty le s a n d q u o ta tio n s fr o m m an y dirent M s

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ba ck );2 an d th e ex p e r im c n ta lly o r ie n te d C age w ho u se d r e c o rd e d

2 q u o te d in th e N e l V o , k T i. u M a y 22 19 8 8 s e c t io n 2 p 23

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A n e n r ic h m e n t o f la n g u a g e t h r o u h m o r e d ift e r e n tia te d
g p o ly p h o n ic
a n d h a r m o n ic tc x tu r e s h a s b e e n c h a r
a c te r is t ic o f a ll R e ic h s m o r e r e c e n t
m u s ic T h e c o n c e r n fo r m e lo d ie c o n s t r u c tio
n a n d c o n tr a p u n ta l c o m b i
n a tio n e v id e n t in th e O c te t (1 97 9 a n d V
) en n on t C o ı łn ıa p o in t (1 982 ) g iv e s
th e m u s ic a m u c h m o r e tr a d itio n a l fla v o
r th a n w a s p r e s e n t in M s e a r ı ie r
w o rk A n d m o re re c e n t
]argscalc c o n c e p tio n s s u c h a s T e h illim (19 8 1)
a s e t t in g o f e x tr a c ts fr o m fo u r H e b r e w p s a lm s s c o r e d fo r v o ic e s a n d
s m a ll o r c h e s t r a (la te r a d a te d fo r fu ll
p o r c h e s tr a ) a n d T ke D e s e r t M u s ic
(198 2 ) fo r e ig h t p a r t c h o r u s w ith v e r y la rg e o r c h e s tr a p r o je c t a c o n
c e r t h a ll im a e fa r r e m o v e d fr o m t h e s m a ll« c a le o r ie n ta t io n o f th e
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o th e r s p c r fo r m irıg e n s e m b le s G la s s s m u s ic r e s e m ble s R e ic h s in m a n y
r e s p e c t s s im ila r ı c o n fin in
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i" g a t N e w Y o r k U n iv e r s ity F e b r u a r y 1 9 7 1
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a s in g le c h o r d s q r v c s T he title o f G la s s s n e x t w o r k A n o th e r L o o k d t H a ım o n y (1 9 75 )
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u s e d s im p le h a r m o n ic
p r o g r e s s io n s o f a n e s s e n tia lly c r a d it io n a l n a tu r e
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lie t a p p r o a c h : s cr ip p c d o f th e ir n o r m a l c o n te x ts th e a r e o b s e s s iv e l
y y
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g n e w p it c h e s th r o u g h
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ll y e a rs p r e v io u s ly b y L o u is a n d B e b e B a ro n
t a c o m p le x s o u n ( d u s u a y e e c t
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p r im a r ily in v o lv e d in c o m m e r c ia l m u s ic
p r o d u c e d t h e fir s t e le c c r o n ic s c o r e fo r a film th c s i fi c tio n
c e n ce c la s s ic
d a d tc h F o rb idd e rı P la n et )H c rc jo h n C a g e ho
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li d to n a tu r a l s o u n d s
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s n e x t ta p e p ie c e
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te to w a r d n e w e q u ip
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a c tiv e w a s t h e S u
t d io d i F o n o ach m e n t fo r e le c tr o n ic s tu d io s T h c m o s t im o t ta n t a d v a n c e w a s r h c
d m p o s it io n a l a p p r o p
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y e e g a v a ila b le c o m
d u c e d th e r e in 19 57 , w
e
a s p u r
p o n e n ts
H e n r i p o u s s c u r s S c a rn b i p :° T lte n ta o s c illa to r s a m p liĥ e r s e n v e lo p e g e n e r a to r s
h i t e n o is e ) w
h ile L u c ia n o B e ń o s filte r s e tc ― ― w it h in o n c
(its o n ly s o u n d s o u r c e
w
w a s c o n s o le s o t h a t th e in d iv id u a l u n its c o u ld b
o J o y r e , 19
5 8) w a s e n t i r c ıy o n c r ète
c e c o m b in e d a n d c o n [r o ı le d
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b y a s in g le v o lt a g e c o n t ro l d e v ic e (u s u a ll a k b
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Je r s e y c o m p le te d in 19 5 5 a n d
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p s
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y y a n d in c e r m in r e s p e c ts s till tc d ia u s t o u s e
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im p o r ta n t d c s i e r s w e r e R b g th e m o s t
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g a n d D o n a ld B u c h la b o t h o f
w ho m h a d p ro d u c e d c o m m e r c ia ll a v a ila b l
b iu s ic C e n te r N e w Y o r k C ity y e s y n t h e s iz e r s b e a ń n
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e n ro r o o g te s t in g h is c le c rm u n ic in s t r u m e n ts (p h o to
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itc h e s ; t h u s a ș c q u m c e o f p itc h e s a n
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th e ir d is a d v a n ta g e s T h c c o m p
o se r w a s lim it e d t o t h e p a r tic u la r m o d
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ly id e n titie d ith th ese sm a lle r s y n In th e se c a r ly w o r k s th c te n

T h e ūrst p o s e r to b e c lo
co m se w d e n c y w a s to e m h a s iz e t i b i
p m r a c o n tra s ts
r t o n S u b o tn ic k (b 1 9 33 ) w h o r e a liz e d
b e tw t h e ta p e d a n d p e r fo e d m u s ic L a te r in th e 195 0
th c s iz c rs w a s th e A m e ń c a n M o een rm
s ho w e v e r
w o r k s o n a B u c h la T h e e a r lie s t , S ilv e r
a s e r ie s o f la r g e s c a le e le c t r o n ic
co m p o s e r s a ls o b e g a n to e x p lo r e t h e p o s s ib ilit ie s o E m c d ia tin b e t w
g een
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A pp la o fth e M o ú n (19 66 ) w a s th c fir s t e le c tr o n ic c o m p o s itio n c o m m is p g s im ila r it ie s a s w e ll a s d ifte rm ces
d it w a s fo ı lo w e d b y a m o n g P o u ssc u r R im p o u r d iů e r e n ￠
s io n e d b y a r e c o r d c o m p a n y (N o n e s u c h ) a n
s a
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h 9 69 ) S d ıin d e r (1 97 0 ), a n d U r ıt il So u n d So u r c e s 19 5 9 ) fo r e x a m
o t h e rs T h e W fıd B u ll (1 9 6 7 ) T o u c (1 i t u pı c fo c u s e s o n
p a r a lle ls (th e r h y m e s
o f rh c tit le ) b e tw e e n c lc c tr o n ic a lı e n e
S p r in g (1 9 7 5) S u b o m ic k e m p lo y e d a ń c h a n d v a ń c d s p e c tr u m o F tim b re s y g r a te d s o u n d s a n d th e tim b r e s o f

1 lik e s o n o r itie s o f T o u c h to th e e x p r e s s iv e th r e e o r c h e s t r a l r o u s w h ile B c r io s D

r a n g in g fio m th c c le a r B c ı g p i$ e r e n c e s fo r c h a m b e r g r o u p
a n d t a e (195 9 ) e x
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i h a r a c te c iz c d b y a ju d ic io u s u s e o f r e p e titiv e pattcrns (p r m in s t r u m e n ts a n d th o s e o f th e s a m e in s tr u m m
s ib lc s t y c c ts e le c t r o n ic a lly m o d ilic d
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s y n th c s iz c r s ) H e w a s p e r h a p s t h e fır s t c o m p o s e r ￠ o m a k e e le c t r o n ic M o s t c o m p o s e r s w h o h a v e w o r k e d in ce n s iv e l w ith e le t
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e r o u p o s e n e g m o n g tı ıe m

d id m u c h to b r in g e le c t r o n ic m u s ic a n d th e s y n t h e s iz e r to p u b lic c o n S to c k h a u s e n (w h o s e K o n ta k te e x is ts b o t h a s a s e a r a te ta e ie c e a d
p p p n as
b lic a c c e p u n c e w a s a w o r k fo r ta e w it h tw o
s c io u s n e s s A n e v e n m o t e d r a m a t ic im p e t u s to p u p p ia n o s a n d p e r c u s s io n ) . N d B a b b iu (w h o s e
t h e p h e n o m e n a l s u c c e s s o f S w itc h e d O n B a c ı (
l 1 9 6 8 ) a c o m m c r c ia ı c o m p o s icio n s fo r v o ic e a n d
t a p V is io n a n d P ra y e r a n d P h ito m e l r a n k
r e c o r d in g fe a tu r in g v ir t u o s ic a r r a n g c m e ııts
fo r M o o g s y n th e s iz e r b y a m o n g M s m o s t s i n iĥ c a n t c o m
g p o s itio ıts ) M a r io D a v id o v s k y (b 19 3 4 )
a n A r g e n t in ia n n o w liv in
W a lte r O a te r W e n d y ) C a r lo s o f c o m p o s itio n s b y j S B a c h W ith t h is g in t h e U n ite d S ta te s h z s s p e c ia liz e d in l i v
b e c a m e a lm o s t o v e r n ig h t a h o u s e h o ld w o r d ◆c c t ro n ic m ix t u r e s [n e ig h t c o m o s it io n s e n đclc d S n t h r o n rs m s c o m
di sc sy n th e s iz e r p y
p o s e d b c t w c c n 19 6 2 a n d 19 7 4 h c h a s e x p lo r e d th e p o s s ib ilit ie s o f d ia
lo g u ◆ b e tw e e n ta p e d m u s ic a n d v a r io u s e r fo r m in fo r c e s r a n in
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L IV E A N D E L E C T R O N IC M IX T U R E S d e lic a te s e n s e o f tim b r a i b a la r ıc c a q d h is a b iı it y to p r o d u c e e le m o n ic
b o th c o m p o s e r s a n d a u d i s o u n d s th a t s u b t l e v o k e th e iı ıs t r u m e n ts w it h w h ic h t h e
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