MIT Arts, Design and Technology University, Rajbaug, Pune

MIT School of Engineering

First Year Engineering
Ordinary Differential Equations and Advanced Calculus
Question Bank
Unit-III: Partial Differentiation and Applications
Partial Differentiation:
Solve the following problems:
u u
1. Find , for x3 y  sin z  z 3  0 .
x y
2
    9
2. If u  log  x  y  z  3xyz  , prove that     u 
3 3 3
.
 x y z   x  y  z
2

2
   4
3. If u  log  x  y  x y  xy
3 3 2 2
, prove that    u or
 x y   x  y
2

 2u  2 u  2u 4
 2  2  .
x xy y  x  y
2 2

4. Prove that a point of the surface x x . y y . z z  c , where x  y  z

2 z
   x log ex 
1

xy

 2 z   3z  x 
2

5. If z  zx  y  0 , prove that
3
 .
xy  3z 2  x 3

6. Find the value of n so that u  r n  3cos2   1 satisfies the partial differential equation

  2 u  1   u 
r   sin 
r  r  sin   
 0.
 
 Ans : n  2,  3

7. Find the value of n for which v  Ae gx sin(nt  gx) satisfies the partial differential

v  2 v
equation  , where g , A are constants.  Ans : n  2mg 2 
t x 2

n for which z  t n e r
2
4t
8. Find the value of satisfies the partial differential equation

1    2 z   z
r   .  Ans : n  3 2
r  r  r   t

Find the value of n for which u  kt 1 2e x

2
na 2t
9. satisfies the partial differential equation

u 2  u
2
a .  Ans : n  4
t x 2
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 10. If v   x 2  y 2  f  xy  , then show that vxx  vyy   x 4  y 4  f " xy  .

2 z 2  z
2
11. If z  tan  y  ax    y  ax 
32
, then find the value of  a .  Ans : 0
x 2 y 2

 x2   2u  2u  2u
12. If u  f   , then find the value of x 2 2  3xy  2 y2 2 .
 y x xy y

 2u  2u
13. Verify that  , where
xy yx

(i) u  log  x 2  y 2  (ii) u  tan 1  x y 

Euler’s Theorem for Homogeneous Functions:

(i) Euler’s Theorem:- If z is a homogeneous function of x, y of degree n , then

z z 2 z 2 z 2  z
2
(a) x  y  nz (b) x2  2  y  n  n  1 z
x y x 2 xy y 2

(ii) Deduction of Euler’s Theorem:- If z is a homogeneous function of x, y of degree n and z  f  u  ,

then
u u f u   2u  2u 2  u
2
(a) x y  g ' u   n (b) x2  2  y  g  u   g '  u   1
x y f ' u  x 2 xy y 2

Solve the following problems:

z z
1. If x  eu tan v, y  eu sec v and z  e2u f  v  , then prove that x  y  2z  0 .
x y

 u u   v v 
2. If x  eu tan v, y  eu sec v , find the value of  x  y   x  y 
 x y   x y 

1 u u
3. If u  f   , x  r cos  , y  r sin  , then find the value of x  y .
r x y

1 1  log x  log y  u u
4. If u   2 then show that x.  y.  2u  0 .
x 2
y x y
2 2
x y

5. Find x 2  xx  2 xy xy  y 2  yy , if   log  x 3  y 3  x 2 y  xy 2  .  Ans : 3

2 2 2  
2
6. If   sin 1
x  y , prove that x
2 2
 2 xy 2
y  tan 3  .
x 2
xy y 2

2 2 2  
2
If   sin 1  x 2  y 2  , prove that x 2  tan u  2 tan 2 u  3 .
15 2
7.  2 xy  y
x 2
xy y 2
25

2 2 2  
2
6 
8. If   sin 1
x 3
y 
3 25
, prove that x
x
2
 2 xy
xy
y
y
6
 tan u  sec2 u  1 .
5 
2 2
5

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  x y 
9. If u  sin 1   , prove that 2xux  2 yu y  tan u .
 x  y 
 x y  sin u cos 2u
10. If u  sin 1  , prove that x 2u xx  2 xyu xy  y 2u yy   or
 x  y  4 cos3 u

1
x 2u xx  2 xyu xy  y 2u yy   tan 3 u  tan u  .
4

 x3  y 3 
11. If u  sinh 1  2 2 
, then prove that x 2uxx  2 xyuxy  y 2u yy   tanh 3 u .
 x  y 

12. If u  sin  
x  y , then prove that xu x  yu y 
1
2
  
x  y cos x y . 
 xy  x2 y T T
13. If T  sin  2 2 
 x y 
2 2
, then find the value of x y .
x y  x y x y
1 1
1 x 2
y 2 tan u  13 tan 2 u 
14. If u  cos ec 1 1
, then prove that x 2u xx  2 xyu xy  y 2u yy    .
x 3
y 3 12  12 12 

12
 13  y 13 
1  x 
15. If u  sin  1 1 
, then prove that x 2u xx  2 xyu xy  y 2u yy 
tan u
13  tan 2 u  .
x 2  y 2 
  144

x3  y3
16. If u  , then find x 2uxx  2 xyuxy  y 2u yy  xux  yu y at the point 1, 2  .
y x

17. If u  f  y x   x 2  y 2 , then prove that xu x  yu y  x 2  y 2 at the point 1, 2  .

 x3  y3 
 , then prove that x uxx  2 xyuxy  y u yy  1  4sin u  sin 2u .
1
18. If u  tan  2 2 2

 x y 

 x3  y 3
1

19. If u  tan   , then prove that x 2uxx  2 xyuxy  y 2u yy  2sin 3 u cos u .
 x y 
 

x
y

20. If u  y e  x 2 tan 1   ,
2 x
then prove that x.u x  y.u y  2u and
 y
x 2uxx  2 xyuxy  y 2u yy  2u .

21. If z  x n f  y x   x  n  y x  , then prove that x 2 zxx  2 xyzxy  y 2 z yy  xzx  yz y  n2 z .

22. If u is a homogeneous function of x, y of degree n and

u u f f  n 
X , Y  , u  f  X , Y  , prove that X Y   u.
x y x y  n  1 
23. Verify Euler’s theorem on homogeneous function for
(i) u  3x 2 yz  5 xy 2 z  4 z 4 (ii) u x y z

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 x2  y 2  z 2 x yz
(iii) u (iv) u
x yz x y z

x2 y2z2  x  y z  u u u
24. If u   cos 1   , then find the value of x  y  z .
x  y z
2 2 2
 x y z x y z

x2 y2z2  xy  yz 
25. If u  2  cos 1  2 , then show that
x  y z
2 2
x  y z
2 2


u u u  x2 y2z2 
x y z  4 2 2
.
x y z x  y  z 
2

Composite Function / Change of Independent variables:

z z z z
1. If z  f  x , y  , where x  eu  e v and y  eu  ev then prove that  x y .
u v x y
cos  sin  z z z z
2. If x  , y , then show that u    y  x   y  x .
u u u  x y
z z z
3. If u  x 2  y 2 , v  2 xy and z  f  u, v  , then show that x y  2 x2  y 2 .
x y u
u u u
4. If u  f  r , s  , where r  x 2  y 2 , s  x 2  y 2 , then show that y x  4 xy .
x y r
z z z z
5. If z  f  x, y  , where x  u  v, y  uv , then show that u  v  x  2y .
u v x y

6. If z  f u , v  and u  x cos   y sin  , v  x sin   y cos  , show that

z z z z
x y u v .
x y u v

7. If z  f  x , y  , where x 2  au  bv, y 2  au  bv , then prove that

z z 1  z z 
u v  x  y  .
u y 2  x y 

8. If x  r cosh  , y  r sinh  , then find the value of  x  y   zx  z y   rzr  z .

u u u
9. If u  f  x 2  2 yz, y 2  2 xz  then prove that ( y 2  zx)  ( x 2  yz )  ( z 2  xy ) 0.
x y z

10. If x  vw, y  uw, z  uv and  is function of x, y, z , then prove that

     
x y z u v w .
x y z u v w

11. If F  f  x, y, z  , where x  u  v  w, y  uv  vw  uw, z  uvw , then show that

F F F F F F
u v w x  2y  3z .
u v v x y z

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 u u u
12. If u  f  x  y, y  z, z  x  , then show that   0.
x y z
1 u 1 u 1 u
13. If u  f  x 2  y 2 , y2  z2 , z2  x2  , then show that   0.
x x y y z z

Jacobians:
Solve the following problems:
 (u , v)  Ans : 4  x 2  y 2  
1. If u  x 2  y 2 and y  2 xy , then find the value of .  
 ( x, y )

 ( x, y ) a 2
2. If x  a cosh  cos , y  a sinh  sin  , then show that   cos h2  cos 2  .
( ,  ) 2
 (u, v, w)
3. If u  xyz, v  x 2  y 2  z 2 , w  x  y  z , then show that  2  x  y 
 ( x, y , z )

 y  z  z  x  .
 (u, v, w)
4. If ux  yz, vy  zx, wz  xy , then show that 4.
 ( x, y , z )
 ( x, y , z )
5. If ux  vw, vy  wu, wz  uv , then show that 4.
 (u, v, w)
 (u, v, w)
6. If u  x  2 y 2  z 3 , v  x 2 yz , w  2z 2  xy , then show that  6 at (1, 1, 0) .
 ( x, y , z )
 (u, v, w)
7. If u  3x  2 y  z , v  x  2 y  z , w  x x  2y  z  , then show that 0.
 ( x, y , z )
 (u, v, w)
8. If u  x  y  z, v  x 2  y 2  z 2 , w  xy  yz  zx , then show that 0.
 ( x, y , z )
x y z  (u, v, w)
9. If u  , v , w , then show that 0.
yz zx x y  ( x, y , z )
 ( x, y , z )
10. If x  y  z  u, y  z  uv, z  uvw , then show that  u 2 v .
 (u, v, w)
 ( x, y , z )
11. If x  u  v  w, y  u 2  v2  w2 , z  u3 v , then show that  6u 2  v  w 
 (u, v, w)
 2u  2 w .
 ( x, y )
12. If x  a  u  v  , y  b  u  v  and u  r 2 cos 2 , v  r 2 sin 2 , find .
 ( r , )
 (u , v )
13. If u  2 xy, v  x 2  y 2 , where x  r cos  , y  r sin  then find .  Ans : 4r 3 
 (r , )

  u  v 
2
uv  (u , v)
14. If x  uv, y  , then find .  Ans : 
uv  ( x, y )  4uv 
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  ( x, y , z )
15. If x  r sin  cos , y  r sin  sin , z  r cos  , then show that  r 2 sin  .
 (u, v, w)
 ( x, y , z )
16. If x  ar sin  cos , y  br sin  sin , z  cr cos  , then show that  abcr 2 sin  .
 (u, v, w)

17. If x  vw, y  uw, z  uv and u  r sin  cos  , v  r sin  sin  , w  r cos  , then

 ( x, y , z )  1 2 
find .  Ans : r sin  
 (r , ,  ) 4 
18. For the transformation x  a  u  v  , y  b  u  v  , where u  r 2 cos 2 , v  r 2 sin 2 ,

 ( x, y )
a, b being constant, find .  Ans : 8abr 3 
 (r , )
19. Verify JJ '  1 for the following functions

(i) u  xy, v  x  y (ii) x  uv, y  u v

(iii) x  u cos v, y  u sin v (iv) x  u 1  v  , y  uv

(iii) u  x2 , v  y 2 (iv) x  sin  cos  , y  sin  sin 

(iii) x  r cos  , y  r sin  (iv) x  v 2  w2 , y  w2  u 2 , z  u 2  v 2

(ix) x  y  2e cos  , x  y  2ie sin  (x) x  eu cos v, y  eu sin v

 (u , v, w)
20. If u  x  y  z, u 2v  y  z , u 3w  z , evaluate .
 ( x, y , z )

 (u, v) x 2  y 2
21. If x 2  y 2  u 2  v 2  0 and uv  xy  0 , prove that  .
 ( x, y ) u 2  v 2

(u, v) y 2  x2
22. If u 2  v 2  x  y, u 2  v 2  x3  y 3 , then show that  .
( x, y ) 2uv  u  v 

23. If u 3  v 3  w3  x  y  u , u 2  v 2  w 2  x 3  y 3  u 3 and u  v  w  x 2  y 2  u 2 , prove

 (u , v, w) ( x  y )( y  z )( z  x)
that  .
 ( x, y, z ) (u  v)(v  w)( w  u )

 ( x, y , z )
24. If u  x k , v  y k , w  z k , where k  1  x2  y 2  z 2 , find in terms of k .
 (u , v, w)

25. If u 3  v  w  x  y 2  z 2 , u  v3  w  x2  y  z2 , u  v  w3  x2  y2  z , then find the

 (u , v, w)
value of .
 ( x, y , z )

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 26. If u  v  w  x  y  z , uv  vw  wu  x 2  y 2  z 2 , uvw 
3

1 3
x  y3  z3  , then find the

 (u , v, w)  2  x  y  y  z  z  x  
value of .  Ans : 
 ( x, y , z )   u  v  v  w w  u  
27. If u, v, w are the roots of the equation (  x)3  (  y)3  (  z )3  0 in  , find
 (u , v, w)
.
 ( x, y , z )

 (u , v )
28. If u  a cosh x cos y, v  a sinh x sin y , find .
 ( x, y )

x y z (u, v, w) 1
29. If u  ,v , w , then show that  .
1 r 2
1 r 2
1 r 2 ( x, y, z ) (1  r 2 ) 5 2

 ( x, y , z )
30. If x  y  z  u, y  z  uv, z  uvw , show that  u 2v .
 ( u , v , w)

Functionally Dependence:
Verify whether the following functions are functionally dependent and if so find the relation.

(a) u  sin 1 x  sin 1 y, v  x 1  y 2  y 1  x2  Ans : v  sin u 

x y xz  1 
(b) u , v  Ans : u  v  1
xz yz
x y xy
(c) u , v  Ans : 4v  1  u 2 
x y ( x  y)2
x y x y
(d) u , v  Ans : uv  2  v
x y x

(e) u  y  z, v  x  2z 2 , w  x  4 yz  2 y 2  Ans : w  v  2u 2 

x y
(f) u , v  tan 1 x  tan 1 y  Ans : u  tan v
1  xy

(g) u  x  y  z, v  x  y  z, w  x 2  y 2  z 2  2 xz

(h) u  x  y  z, v  x 2  y 2  z 2  2 xy  2 yz  2 zx, w  x 3  y 3  z 3  3xyz

 
 Ans : w  4  u  3v  
u 2

(i) u  x  y  z, v  x 2  y 2  z 2 , w  xy  yz  zx  Ans : u 2  v  2w

(j) u  x  y  z, v  x  y  z, w  x 2  y 2  z 2  2 yz  Ans : u 2  v 2  2w

(k) f  x 2  y 2  2 xy  2 x  2 y, g  e x .e y

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Maxima and Minima:
Solve the following problems:
1. Discuss the maxima and minima of the following functions:

(a) x3  y 3  3axy (b) x 4  y 4  2 x  4 xy  2 y 2

(c) xy  a  x  y  (d) x3 y 2 (1  x  y ) where x, y  0

1 1
(e) xy  a 3    (f) x3  3xy 2  15 x 2  15 y 2  72 x
x y
(g) x3  3xy 2  3x 2  3 y 2  4 (h) x 2  y 2  6 x  12

(i) 3x 2  y 2  x3 (j) sin x  sin y  sin( x  y )

(k) sin x sin y sin( x  y )

Ans: (a) Stationary points -  0, 0  ,  a, a  , maxima at r  0 , minima at r  0 .

(b) Stationary points -  0, 0  ,  

2,  2 ,  2,  
2 , f min  8 at  2,  2 . 
a a a3
(c) Stationary points -  0, 0  ,  a, 0  ,  0, a  ,  ,  , f min/max  depends on r.
3 3 27
1
(d) Stationary points -  0, 0  , 1 2, 1 3 , f max  at 1 2, 1 3 .
432
(e) Stationary points -  a, a  , f min  3a 2 at  a, a  .

(f) Stationary points -  5, 1 ,  5, 1 ,  4, 0  ,  6, 0  , f min  108 at  6, 0  and

f max  112 at  4, 0  .

(g) Stationary points -  0, 0  ,  2, 0  , 1, 1 , f min  0 at  2, 0  and f max  4 at  0, 0  .

(h) Stationary points -  0, 0  ,  3, 0  , f min  3 at  3, 0  .

(i) Stationary points -  0, 0  ,  2, 0  , f max  4 at  2, 0  .

3 3 3 3
(j) Stationary points -  3,  3 , f max    at  3,  3 .
2 2 2

3 3
(k) Stationary points -  0, 0 ,  3,  3 , f max  at  3,  3 .
8
Lagrange’s Method of Undetermined Multiplier Method:
1. Find the stationary value of u  x  y  z , if xy  yz  zx  3a 2 .  Ans : 3a 
x2 y 2 z 2
2. If u  3  3  3 , where x  y  z  1 , then prove that the stationary value of u is
a b c
a3 b3 c3
given by x  3 3 3 , y  3 3 3 , z  3 3 3 .
a b c a b c a b c
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 a 3 b3 c 3
3. If u    , where x  y  z  1 , then prove that the stationary value of u is
x2 y 2 z 2
a b c
given by x  , y , z .
abc abc a bc
1 1 1
4. Show that the stationary value of a3 x 2  b3 y 2  c3 z 2 , where    1 is given by
x y z
abc abc abc
x , y , z .
a b c
5. Find the points on the surface z 2  xy  1 nearest to the origin, by using Lagrange’s

method.  Ans :  0, 0,  1

6. Find the maximum value of u  x 2 y 3 z 4 such that 2 x  3 y  4 z  a .  Ans :  a 9 2 

 
7. Use Lagrange’s method to find the minimum distance from the origin to the plane
  18 12 6  504 
3x  2 y  z  12.  Ans : P  , ,  , d  PO   
  7 7 7 7 

8. Using Lagrange’s method divide 24 into three parts such that the continued product of the
first, square of the second and cube of the third may be maximum.  Ans : 4, 8, 12
9. Use Lagrange’s method to find the maximum value of the x 2 y 3 z 4 , such that
2x  3y  4z  9 .

10. Show that the maximum value of cos A cos B cos C is obtained when the triangle is
equilateral.
11. A space probe in the shape of the ellipsoid 4 x 2  y 2  4 z 2  16 enters the earth’s
atmosphere and its surface begins to heat. After one hour, the temperature at the point
 x, y, z  on the surface of the probe is T  x, y, z   8x 2  4 yz  16 z  600 . Find the

hottest points on the probe’s surface by using Lagrange’s method.

  4 4 4 
 Ans :   3 ,  3 ,  3  
  

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