NAGA COLLEGE FOUNDATION, INC.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MT Villanueva Avenue, Naga City

MODULE – ANALYTIC GEOMETRY AND SOLID MENSURATION

POLYHEDRONS – Solids whose faces are PRISMS – Polyhedron whose bases are equal
plane polygons. polygons in parallel planes and whose sides
are parallelograms. Prisms are classified
Regular Polyhedrons – are those which according to their bases.
have identical faces.
Axis of Prism – the line joining the centroids
Platonic Solids of the bases.
NAME FACES TYPE OF VOLUME Right Prism – is one whose axis is
FACE
perpendicular to the base.
Tetrahedron 4 triangle √2 3
𝑎
12 Altitude – “h” of a prism is the distance
Hexahedron 6 square a3
between the bases.
(Cube)
Octahedron 8 triangle √2 3 Lateral Area – the surface area of the
𝑎
3 polyhedron other than the base.
Dodecahedron 12 pentagon 7.66a3
Icosahedron 20 triangle 2.18a3 𝐴𝐿 = 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑥 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡

𝐴𝐿 = 𝑃𝑟 𝐿
For Any Polyhedron:

• Number of Edges
𝑛𝑓
𝑒=
2
• Number of Vertices
𝑛𝑓
𝑣=
𝑚
• Radius of Circumscribing Sphere
3𝑉
𝑟=
𝐴𝑠
• Number of Faces
𝑓 = 2+𝑒−𝑣

m = number of polygons meeting at a

𝑉 = 𝐴𝑏 𝑥 ℎ
vertex
𝑉 = 𝐴𝑟 𝑥 𝐿
n = number of vertices of each polygon
Pr – Perimeter of the right section
f = number of faces of the polyhedron
L – Lateral Edge
e = number of edges of the polyhedron
Ab – Area of Base
v = number of vertices of the polyhedron
Ar – Area of Right Section
V = Volume

As = Surface Area
Right Circular Cylinder

Volume
Similar Solids
𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
𝑆1 𝑃1 𝐴1 1 𝑉1 1
= = ( )2 = ( )3
𝑆2 𝑃2 𝐴2 𝑉2 Lateral Area

𝐴𝐿 = 2𝜋𝑟ℎ

Solids with Constant Cross-section

VOLUME = BASE AREA X HEIGHT

𝑉 = 𝐴𝑏 𝑥 ℎ
 NAGA COLLEGE FOUNDATION, INC.
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MT Villanueva Avenue, Naga City

Rectangular Parallelepipe Pyramids – Polyhedron with a polygonal abse

and triangular faces that meet at a common
point called the vertex.

1
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒, 𝑉 = 𝐴 ℎ
3 𝑏

Ab – Area of the
Base

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒, 𝑉 = 𝑎𝑏𝑐 h – Altitude,

Perpendicular
𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎, 𝐴𝐿 = 2(𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑐) Distance from the
Vertex to the
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎, 𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝐿 + 2𝐴𝑏
Base
𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙, 𝑑1 = √𝑎2 + 𝑐 2

𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙, 𝑑2 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 Frustum – is the portion between the base

and a cutting plane parallel to the base.
Hexahedron (Cube)

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒, 𝑉 = 𝑎3

𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎, 𝐴𝐿 = 4𝑎 2

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎, 𝐴𝑠 = 6𝑎2 ℎ

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒, 𝑉 = (𝐴 + 𝐴2 + √𝐴1 𝐴2 )
3 1
𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙, 𝑑1 = √𝑎2 + 𝑎 2 = 𝑎√2
A1 – Lower Base Area
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙, 𝑑2 = √𝑎2 + 𝑎2 + 𝑎2 = 𝑎√3
A2 = Upper Base Area
Truncated Prism
h = altitude

Right Circular Cone

1
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒, 𝑉 = 𝐴 ℎ
3 𝑏
1 2
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒, 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 ℎ
3

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒, 𝑉 = 𝐴𝑟 𝑥 ℎ𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒
𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡, 𝐿 = √𝑟 2 + ℎ 2
ℎ1 + ℎ2 + ℎ3 + ℎ4 + ℎ5 +. . . ℎ𝑛
𝑉 = 𝐴𝑟 𝑥 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎, 𝐴𝐿 = 𝜋𝑟𝐿
𝑛
 NAGA COLLEGE FOUNDATION, INC.
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MT Villanueva Avenue, Naga City

Frustum of Right Circular Cone Spherical Cone or Spherical Sector

Volume

1
𝑉= 𝐴 𝑟
3 𝑍𝑜𝑛𝑒
2 2
𝑉= 𝜋𝑟 ℎ
3

Spherical Lune and Wedge

ℎ
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒, 𝑉 = (𝐴 + 𝐴2 + √𝐴1 𝐴2 )
3 1
𝜋ℎ 2
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒, 𝑉 = (𝑅 + 𝑟 2 + 𝑅𝑟)
3

𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡, 𝐿 = √(𝑅 − 𝑟)2 + ℎ 2

𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎, 𝐴𝐿 = 𝜋(𝑅 + 𝑟)𝐿

Sphere
𝐴𝐿𝑢𝑛𝑒 4𝜋𝑟 2
=
Volume 𝜃 360°

4 3 𝜋𝑟 2 𝜃
𝑉= 𝜋𝑟 𝐴𝐿𝑢𝑛𝑒 =
3 90°

Surface Area 4 3
𝑉𝑊𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒 3 𝜋𝑟
=
𝐴𝑠 = 4𝜋𝑟 2 𝜃 360°

𝜋𝑟 3 𝜃
𝑉𝑊𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒 =
270°
Spherical Segment of One Base

SPHERICAL POLYGONS

Polygon on the surface of a sphere

whose sides are arcs of great circles.

𝜋𝑟 2 𝐸
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎, 𝐴 =
180°

𝜋ℎ 2 Spherical Pyramid
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒, 𝑉 = (3𝑟 − ℎ)
3 𝜋𝑟 3 𝐸
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒, 𝑉 =
𝐴𝑍𝑜𝑛𝑒 = 2𝜋𝑟ℎ 540°

Spherical Segment of Two Base 𝐸 = 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 − (𝑛 − 2)180°

r – radius of the sphere

Volume E – Spherical Excess

𝜋ℎ n – Number of sides
𝑉 = (3𝑎2 + 3𝑏2 + ℎ 2 )
6

Lateral Area

𝐴𝐿 = 2𝜋𝑟ℎ
 NAGA COLLEGE FOUNDATION, INC.
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MT Villanueva Avenue, Naga City

SOLIDS OF REVOLUTION Paraboloid of Revolution

(PAPPUS THEOREMS) Lateral Area

First Proposition of Pappus 3

4𝜋𝑟 𝑟 2 2 𝑟 3
𝐴𝐿 = 2 [( + ℎ 2 ) − ( ) ]
The surface area generated by a 3ℎ 4 2
surface of revolution equals the product of the
length of the generating arc and the distance
traveled by its centroid.
1 2
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒, 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 ℎ
𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎, 𝐴𝑠 = 𝐿𝐶 2

𝐶 = 𝑅 𝑥 (𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠, 𝜃)

𝐼𝑓 𝜃 = 360°, 𝐴𝑠 = 𝐿(2𝜋𝑅) Prismoidal Formula

First Proposition of Pappus - All section parallel to a certain base

are all similar.
The volume area generated by a solid
of revolution equals the product area and the 𝐿
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒, 𝑉 = (𝐴 + 4𝐴𝑚 + 𝐴2 )
distance traveled by its centroid. 6 1

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 𝐴𝐶
𝐶 = 𝑅 𝑥 (𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠, 𝜃)
𝐼𝑓 𝜃 = 360°, 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 𝐴(2𝜋𝑅)
Prismatoid Theorem
The volume of a prismatoid is equal to
the algebraic sum of the volumes of a
pyramid, a wedge and a parallelepiped.

1. Volume common to two equal cylinders

with their axis meeting at right angles.
Ellipsoid 2. Solid with circular base of radius r and
every cutting plane perpendicular to a
certain diameter is a SQUARE.
16 3
𝑉= 𝑟
3
3. Solid with circular base of radius r and
every cutting plane perpendicular to a
certain diameter is an EQUILATERAL
TRIANGLE.
4 3
𝑉= 𝑟
√3
4
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒, 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑎𝑏𝑐
3 4. Solid with circular base of radius r and
every cutting plane perpendicular to a
certain diameter is an ISOSCELES
Prolate Spheroid RIGHT TRIANGLE with one leg in the
plane of the base.
4 8
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒, 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑎𝑏2 𝑉 = 𝑟3
3 3
Oblate Spheroid
5. Solid with circular base of radius r and
4 every cutting plane perpendicular to a
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒, 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑎2 𝑏
3 certain diameter is an ISOSCELES
RIGHT TRIANGLE with hypotenuse in
the plane of the base.
4
𝑉 = 𝑟3
3
 NAGA COLLEGE FOUNDATION, INC.
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MT Villanueva Avenue, Naga City

1. If the edge of a cube is doubled, which 11.The frustum of a regular triangular

of the following is incorrect? pyramid has equilateral triangles for its
A. The lateral area will be quadrupled bases. The lower and upper base edges
B. The volume is increased 8 times are 9m and 3m, respectively. If the
C. The diagonal is doubled volume is 118.2 cu.m., how far apart
D. The weight is doubled are the bases?
2. The volume of a cube is reduced by how A. 9 m C. 7 m
much if all sides are halved? B. 8 m D. 8 m
A. 1/8 C. 6/8 12.A right circular cone with an altitude of
B. 5/8 D. 7/8 8 cm is divided into two segments. One
3. If the edge of a cube is increased by is a smaller circular cone having the
30%, by how much is the surface area same vertex with the volume equal to
increased? ¼ of the bigger cone. Find the altitude
A. 67 C. 63 of the smaller cone.
B. 69 D. 65 A. 4.62 C.6.12
4. Find the approximate change in volume B. 6.74 D. 5.04
of a cube of side x inches caused by 13. If 23 cu.m. of water are poured into a
increasing its side by 1%. conical vessel, it reaches a depth of 12
A. 1.3x3 cu.in. C. 0.30x3 cu.in. cm. How much water must be added so
B. 1.03x3 cu.in. D. 0.03x3 cu.in. that the depth reaches 18 cm?
5. The space diagonal of a cube is 4√3 m. A. 77.625 C. 75.867
Find its volume. B. 54.625 D. 55.340
A. 16 m3 C. 64 m3 14. A circular cylinder circumscribed about
B. 48 m3 D. 86 m3 a right prism having a square base one
6. A reservoir is shaped like a square meter on an edge. The volume of the
prism. If the area of its base is 225 sq. cylinder is 6.283 cu.m. Find its altitude
cm., how many liters of water will it in meter.
hold? A. 5 C. 4.5
A. 3375 C. 33.75 B. 5.4 D. 4
B. 3.375 D. 337.5 15.A cone was formed by rolling a thin
7. The space diagonal of a cube is 6m. sheet of metal in the form of a sector of
Find the total surface area of the cube. a circle 72 cm in diameter with a central
A. 60 C. 72 angle of 210˚. What is the volume of
B. 66 D. 78 the cone?
8. The base edge of a regular hexagonal A. 3504 C. 13504
prism is 6cm and its bases are 12 cm B. 1350 D. 13540
apart. Find its volume. 16. If the steel ball is immersed in an eight
A. 1563.45 C. 1097.35 cm. diameter cylinder, it displaces
B. 1058.45 D. 1122.37 water to a depth of 2.25 cm. the radius
9. Determine the volume of a right of the ball is:
truncated prism with the following A. 3 cm C. 9 cm
dimensions: let the corner of the B. 6 cm D. 12 cm
triangular base be defined by A, B and 17.A hemispherical bowl of radius 10 cm is
C. AB = 10 ft., BC = 9 ft., and CA = 12 filled with water to such a depth that
ft. The sides at A, B, and C are the water surface area is equal to 75π
perpendicular to the triangle base and sq. cm. the volume of water is?
have the height of 8.6 ft., 7.1 ft., and A. 625/3 C. 625
5.5 ft., respectively. B. 626π/3 D. 625π
A. 413 C. 313 18.Find the volume of a spherical wedge of
B. 311 D. 391 radius 10cm and central angle 50˚.
10. The volume of a regular tetrahedron of A. 425.66 C. 581.78
side 5 cm is: B. 431. 25 D. 578.81
A. 13.72 C. 15.63
“Our greatest weakness lies on giving up. The
B. 14.73 D. 17.82
most certain way to succeed is always to just
try one more time.” – Thomas A. Edison