MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila

CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City

Telephone Number: (02) 516 7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-6697 (Cebu)

Review MODULE – Plane & Solid Geometry

PLANE GEOMETRY (Key Points) CIRCLES
Circumference (or perimeter),
GENERAL POLYGON (N-SIDES) 𝑪 = 𝟐𝝅𝒓 = 𝝅𝒅
Sum of the interior angles S = 180(n-2) degrees
𝒏(𝒏 − 𝟑)⁄ Area,
Number of Diagonals 𝒅 = 𝟐 𝑨 = 𝝅𝒓𝟐 = 𝟏⁄𝟒 𝝅𝑫𝟐
Regular Polygons (equal sides and equal interior angles)

TRIANGLES (n=3) Theorems on Circles

Perimeter, P = a + b + c Central Angle Theorem Thales’ Theorem
Semi perimeter, s = P/2

Given all sides: Heron’s Formula

ϴ
𝑨 = √𝒔 (𝒔 − 𝒂)(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄); 𝒔 = 𝑷⁄𝟐

Given two sides and an included angle:

𝑨 = 𝟏⁄𝟐 𝒂𝒃 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽

Given a side and a perpendicular distance from the opposite vertex: 𝜃 = 2𝛼

𝑨 = 𝟏⁄𝟐 𝒃𝒉
Power Theorem
Cross-Chord Theorem

Lines Of The Triangle

D
Medians: Centroid B
Angle Bisector: Incenter A 𝐴𝐵 𝑥 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐴𝐷 𝑥 𝐴𝐸
A
Altitude: Orthocenter
Perpendicular Bisectors: Circumcenter
C
E
Radius of an inscribed circle, Secant-Secant Theorem
𝒓𝒊 = 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂⁄𝒔

Radius of a circumscribing circle:

𝒂𝒃𝒄 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄
𝒓𝒄 = = = =
𝟒𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑪 𝐴𝐵 𝑥 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐴𝐷 𝑥 𝐴𝐸
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂
Radius of an escribed circle: 𝒓 = (𝒔−𝒂)

Secant-Tangent: 𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐴𝐸 𝑥 𝐴𝐷
QUADRILATERALS (n=4)

General Quadrilaterals
𝑷 = 𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄 + 𝒅
(𝐴𝐵)2 = 𝐴𝐷 𝑥 𝐴𝐸
Given the lengths of diagonals and the angle between them: 𝑨 =
𝟏
𝟐
𝑫𝟏 𝑫𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽

Given all sides and sum of opposite angles(E):

𝑬 𝟐 SOLID GEOMETRY (Key Points)
𝑨 = √(𝒔 − 𝒂)(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄)(𝒔 − 𝒅) − 𝒂𝒃𝒄𝒅 (𝐜𝐨𝐬 )
𝟐
SIMILAR SOLIDS
𝑺𝟏 𝑷𝟏 𝑨𝟏 𝟏 𝑽𝟏 𝟏
Cyclic Quadrilaterals = = ( )𝟐 = ( )𝟑
𝑺𝟐 𝑷𝟐 𝑨𝟐 𝑽𝟐
Sum of opposite angles, E = 180 degrees

Area, PLATONIC SOLIDS

𝑨 = √(𝒔 − 𝒂)(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄)(𝒔 − 𝒅)
POLYHEDRA VERTICES FACES EDGES SIDES
Ptolemy’s Theorem, Cube 8 6 12 Square
𝒂𝒄 + 𝒃𝒅 = 𝑫𝟏𝑫𝟐 Tetrahedron 4 4 6 Triangle
Octahedron 6 8 12 Triangle
Radius of the circumscribing circle: Dodecahedron 20 12 30 Pentagon
√(𝒂𝒃 + 𝒄𝒅)(𝒂𝒄 + 𝒃𝒅)(𝒂𝒅 + 𝒃𝒄) Icosahedron 12 20 30 Triangle
𝒓𝒄 =
𝟒 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂
SOLIDS WITH CONSTANT CROSS SECTION
Volume: Cross Sectional Area x Average Longitudinal Length
Polygonal Prism
Right and Inclined Prism
Truncated Prism
 MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
Telephone Number: (02) 516 7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-6697 (Cebu)
Review MODULE – Plane & Solid Geometry
SOLIDS WITH SIMILAR CROSS SECTION SOLID GEOMETRY
General Prismoidal Formula:
𝑳 Similar Solids
𝑽 = (𝑨𝟏 + 𝟒𝑨𝑴 + 𝑨𝟐 )
𝟔 SITUATION. For a given solid, given the surface area increases by 20
Cone, Frustum of a Cone percent. Solve the following:
Pyramid, Frustum of a Pyramid 1. The percentage change in the diameter
Sphere, Frustum of a Sphere 2. The percentage change in the volume.
_______________________________________________________________

PLANE GEOMETRY 3. A prototype of a machine weighing 100 N is to be designed by an

engineering student at a scale of 1:50. Assuming the same type of material
General Polygons is being used, determine the weight of the real machine.
SITUATION. A circle is inscribed in a regular polygon whose sum of its
interior angles equal to 720 degrees. If the radius of the circle is 4m, Polyhedrons (Platonic Solids and Euler’s Characteristic Formula)
1. Find the area between the circle and the polygon. 4. [Nov 2016] The faces of a solid figure are all triangles. The figure has
2. Find the area of the circle that circumscribes the polygon nine vertices. At each of six of these vertices, four faces meet, and each of
the other three vertices, six faces meet. How many faces does the figure
Triangles
have?
3. A triangle has its two sides 6 m and 20 m. The perimeter may be
a.) 54 c.) 51
Solids with Constant Cross-section
b.) 53 d.) 52
SITUATION. A prism has a base in the shape of an octagon with each side
SITUATION. Given a triangle ABC with sides AB= 25 cm, BC=30cm and measuring 5 cm. The bases are 10 cm apart.
AC=42 cm. Find the following: 5. What is the volume of the right prism?
4. Distance of the point of intersection of the angle bisector from the vertex 6. What is the lateral surface area of the prism?
C
5. Distance of the point of intersection of perpendicular bisectors to side 7. A truncated prism has a triangular base with sides 10 cm, 12, cm and 15
BC. cm. The vertical edges of the two corners are 20 cm and 25 cm,
6. Area of the excircle to side AB. respectively. If the volume of the solid is 1495.292 cm 3, determine the
length of the third vertical edge.
Quadrilaterals
7. The sides of a quadrilateral are 10m, 8m, 16m and 20m, respectively. SITUATION. A trough whose ends are isosceles trapezoids is 8 m long, the
Two opposite interior angles have a sum of 225degrees. Find the area lower base is 4 m, the upper base is 6 m and the depth is 4m. The trough
of the quadrilateral in sq m. is filled with 150 m3 of water.
8. Compute the capacity of the trough.
8. A quadrilateral ABCD is inscribed in a semicircle with side AD coinciding
9. Compute the depth of the water.
with the diameter of the circle. Side AB=8cm, BC=10cm, and
CD=12cm. Determine the diameter of the circle, length of the diagonal
Solids with Constant Cross-section
BD and area of the quadrilateral.
10. A solid has a circular base of diameter 20cm. Find the volume of the
solid if every cutting plane perpendicular to the base along a given diameter
Circles is an equilateral triangle.
9. A goat is tied outside a triangular fenced garden at point A. Sides of the
fence are AB=6m, BC = 10m and CA = 12 m. The length of the rope 11. A pyramid 20cm high with a square base having dimensions 8cm by
which the goat is tied is 14m, find the area over which the goat can 8cm is cut parallel to the base by a plane 7cm from the base. Find the ratio
graze outside the fence. of the area of the new smaller base over the base of the original pyramid.
SITUATION. The tangent AB and the secant BCD are drawn to a circle
SITUATION. A boy is fetching water into a spherical well that is initially full.
from the same exterior point B
One morning, he decided to take a bath so he had a pail of water from the
10. If the length of AB is 10 inches and the external segment BC of the
well. The maintenance man noticed that the water level decreased by 1.5
secant is 5 inches, what is then the length of the secant line?
m. The next day, the water level decreased to 4.5 m after the boy fetched
11. Determine the value of x in each figure:
several pails of water. Assuming the tank is 12 m high, determine:
A C
12. The volume of water the boy had during the first day.
x 14 13. The volume of water the boy had during the second day.
O
14. A solid has a circular base of diameter 20cm. Find the volume of the
19 solid if every cutting plane perpendicular to the base along a given diameter
23
B is an equilateral triangle.
D

12. Chords AB and CD intersect each other at E inside the circle. 15. A sphere has surface area of 80 cm2. A wedge is cut and the area of
AE=8cm, CE=12cm, and DE=20cm. If AB is the diameter of the circle, the spherical lune is 20 cm2. Find the volume of the spherical wedge.
compute the area of AEC.
C
23 16. A point source of light is 4ft distant from the center of the sphere of
A
diameter 4ft., determine the surface area of the sphere that is brightened.
30
E 25
x
B
D