21

CHAPTER 3

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

In this chapter, the researchers presented, analyzed, and interpreted the data

gathered during the conduct of the study.

The presentation of the data was based on the order of the statement of the

problem recognized in Chapter one.

The Demographic Profile of the Respondents

The Demographic Profile of the Respondents in terms of occupation is shown in

table 1, their monthly family income in table 2, and the number of children under

4Ps in table 3.

Table 1. Distribution of Respondents According to their Occupation

Occupation Frequency Percentage

Housekeeper 3 5%

Laborer 1 1%

Private employee 0 0

Farmer 38 76%

Government Employee 0 0

Others 9 18%

Total 51 100%

Table 1 shows the overall frequency count and the percentage of the respondents

according to their occupation. There were 3 or 5% of the respondents who were plain
 22

housekeepers; 1 or 1% were laborers;; 38 or 78% were farmers; and there were no

respondents who work in the private and government company.

It only shows that most of the respondents were farmers and had just enough

income to support their daily needs. According to Reyes & Tabuga, (2012), eligible

beneficiaries of the program were selected by DSWD from the poorest municipalities.

Therefore, eligible households must have an income that are equal to or below the

poverty line.

Table 2. Distribution of Respondents According to their Monthly Family

Income

Monthly Family Income Frequency Percentage

Between P1,000 – P 3, 999 36 71%

Between P4, 000-P 6, 999 14 28%

Between P7, 000-P 9, 999 1 1%

Between P10, 000-P 11, 999 0 0

Between P12, 000-P 15, 999 0 0

Over P16, 000 0 0

Total 51 100%

Table 2 shows the frequency count and percentage of the respondents according

to their monthly income. There were 36 or 71% of the respondents who had monthly

income ranging from 1000 to 3, 999; 14 or 28% from 4000 to 6, 999; 1 or 1% from 7000

to 9, 999.
 23

Discussions

It shows that most of the respondents’ monthly income ranges from P1, 000-P3,

999. It simply means that they did not have huge income. It is only enough to buy their

food every day and based on the qualification set for the program the eligible

beneficiaries of 4Ps must be equal to or below the poverty line (DSWD, 2006).

Table 3. Distribution of Respondents According to their Number of

Children under 4Ps

Number of Children under 4Ps Frequency Percentage

1 24 47%

2 7 14%

3 20 39%

Total 51 100%

Table 3 shows the frequency count and percentage of the respondents according

to the number of their children under the 4P’s program. There were 24 or 47% of the

respondents who only have 1 child; 7 or 14% had 2 children; 20 or 39% had 3 children.

Discussions

It shows that most of the respondents only have 1 child under 4Ps because there

were beneficiaries who have many children but some of them cannot afford to send them

all in school and also their children are more than 14 years old. Based on the

qualifications set by the program, for a family to be qualified in the program, it should

only have 3 children aging 14 below (DSWD, 2006).

 24

Benefits Received by the 4Ps Beneficiaries

The percentage of the respondents who availed the benefits from 4Ps is shown in
table 4.

Table 4. Percentage of the Respondents who availed the 4Ps Benefits

Benefits Frequency Percentage

1. Health grant: P500 per household 51 100%
every month, or a total of P6, 000
every year.
2. Education grant: P300 per child every 50 98%
month for ten months, or a total of P3,
000 every year.
3. Pre- and post-natal care for pregnant 48 94%
women.
4. Parenting, health and nutrition 50 98%
seminars for parent beneficiaries
5. Preventive health check-ups and 50 98%
vaccines for children aging 0-5
6. Deworming pills twice a year for 48 94%
children aging 6-14

Table 4 shows the benefits that the 4P’s beneficiaries received from the program.

There were 51 or 100% of the respondents who received P500 health grant per

household. 50 or 98% of the respondents received the following benefits, such as

parenting, health and nutrition seminars for parent beneficiaries, and preventive check-

ups and vaccines for children aging 0-5. 48 or 94% of the respondents with children

aging 6-14 received deworming pills twice a year and pre and post-natal care for

pregnant women.

Discussions

It shows that most of the respondents received the benefits of the 4P’s program.

The result of the study conforms to the study of Conchada and Tabuga (2014) that the

program provides education grant of Php300 per child per month up to a maximum of 3
 25

children; health and nutrition grant of Php500 per month; the school attendance of

children aging 6-14 years and regular check-ups for children aging 0-5 years and

pregnant women; taking deworming pills for children aging 6 to 14 years, and attendance

of Family Development Sessions (FDS) by parents.

Problems encountered by the respondents as 4Ps beneficiaries

The distribution of the respondents on the problems they encountered as 4Ps

beneficiaries is shown in table 5.

Table 5. Distribution of Problems Encountered by the 4Ps Beneficiaries

Problems Frequency Rank
1. The releasing of cash assistance is 19 3
always delayed
2. The amounts received by the 22 2
beneficiaries are not exact or fixed
from what they had expected.
3. The system of releasing the cash 25 1
assistance is not organized.
4. The place where the cash assistance 17 5
was released is very far from the place
of the beneficiaries.
5. The Family Development Sessions 18 4
(FDS) is not done regularly.
6. There was no proper dissemination of 15 6
information every time there is
program or seminars.

Table 5 presents the problems encountered by the 4Ps beneficiaries in Sitio

Panipasan, Marilog District. Rank 1 is the inorganized system of releasing the cash

assistance (25); rank 2 is the insufficient amounts received by the beneficiaries (22); rank

3 is the delayed releasing of cash assistance (19); rank 4 is the irregular conduct of

Family Development Sessions (18); rank 5 is the considerable distance where the cash
 26

assistance is released (17); and rank 6 is the improper dissemination of information

every time there is program or seminars (15).

Discussions

The table implies that the topmost problem the 4P’s beneficiaries encountered is

the system of releasing the cash assistance which is not organized, while the least

problem is the improper dissemination of information every time there is program or

seminar. All those indicators conformed to the statement of Montańes (2016) which

states that there are issues or problems that emerged in the program. Like for instance, the

amount received by the beneficiaries is not exact or fixed from what they had expected,

the system of releasing the cash assistance is not organized, etc.

 27

Extent of attainment of the objectives of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in

Sitio Panipasan, Marilog District.

The distribution of respondents on the extent of attainment of the objectives of

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in Sitio Panipasan, Marilog District in terms
of poverty alleviation, health and nutrition, education and family development
sessions are shown in table 6, 7, 8 and 9 respectively.

Table 6. Distribution of Respondents on the attainment of the objectives of Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program in Sitio Panipasan, Marilog District in terms
of Poverty Alleviation
4.1 SOCIAL ASSISTANCE

4.1.1 Poverty Alleviation Mean Interpretation

A. The cash assistance helps the 3.63 Highly Attained
everyday expenses of the family.
B. The cash assistance helps the 3.20 Attained
family to have an income
generating business
C. The 4Ps program motivates me to 3.71 Highly Attained
spend the cash assistance wisely.
D. The 4Ps program decreases the 3.86 Highly Attained
hunger incidence of the family.
E. The 4Ps program helps the family 3.63 Highly Attained
in providing our daily basic
needs: (food, clothing, shelter).

Weighted Mean 3.61 Highly Attained

Legend: Scale Descriptive Rating
3.26-4.00 Highly Attained
2.51-3.25 Attained
1.76-2.50 Poorly Attained
1.00-1.75 Not Attained

Table 6 shows the distribution of beneficiary’s level of attainment on the poverty

alleviation program of the 4P’s. As to poverty alleviation, the objectives were generally

highly attained. Particularly, the objectives of the 4Ps program, such as to decrease the
 28

hunger incidence of the family (3.86); to motivate them to spend their cash assistance

wisely ( 3.71); to provide a cash assistance to help the everyday expenses of the family

(3.63) and to help the family in providing their daily basic needs (3. 63) are highly

attained. Lastly, the objectives to help the family to have an income generating business

was also attained.

Discussions

This table shows that the objectives of the 4Ps in poverty alleviation is highly

attained by the program. The result of the study conforms to the study of Fernandez and

Oflindo (2011) that the program promotes human capital development of the poor to

break the intergenerational cycle of poverty by means of providing social assistance.

Therefore those indicators were felt and experienced by the beneficiaries to helped

mitigate the poverty incidence they were experiencing.

Table 7. Distribution of Respondents on the attainment of the objectives of

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in Sitio Panipasan, Marilog District
in terms of Health and Nutrition Program
4.2 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

4.2.1 HEALTH AND NUTRITION PROGRAM

4.2.1 HEALTH AND NUTRITION PROGRAM Mean Interpretation

A. Children from 0-5 years old were able to visit 4 Highly Attained
the health center to avail immunization
B. The children aging 0-2 years old have 4 Highly Attained
monthly weight monitoring and nutrition
counselling
C. The program gives deworming pills for 4 Highly Attained
children aging 6-14 twice a year.
D. The 4Ps program is able to help sustain the
health needs of the beneficiaries like 3.84 Highly Attained
medicines and vitamins for children.
E. The pregnant women visit the local health
center to avail pre-natal and post-natal care 3.96 Highly Attained
and avail appropriate delivery services.

Weighted Mean 3.96 Highly Attained

 29

Legend: Scale Descriptive Rating

3.26-4.00 Highly Attained
2.51-3.25 Attained
1.76-2.50 Poorly Attained
1.00-1.75 Not Attained
Table 7 shows the distribution of the beneficiary’s level of attainment in the

health and nutrition program of the 4P’s. Each indicator of health and nutrition obtains a

mean classified as a high degree of attainment. 4P’s program for children 0-5 years old

for their immunization, children aging 0-2 years old for their weight monitoring and

nutrition counselling, program providing deworming pills for children aging 6-14

obtained the highest mean score of 4. This is followed by pregnant women for their pre-

natal and post-natal care which obtained a mean of 3.96. The last is the provision of

medicines and vitamins for children that obtained a mean of 3.84.

Discussions

This table shows that the objectives of 4Ps in health and nutrition program is

highly attained with an overall mean of 3.96 and among the 6 indicators, all of them were

rated highly attained. All those indicators conformed to the objectives of 4Ps which stated

that the 4Ps program will provide a cash assistance to the poor to alleviate their

immediate needs to break the intergenerational poverty cycle through investments in

human capital specifically in their health and nutrition (DSWD, 2006).

 30

4.2.2 EDUCATION PROGRAM

Table 8. Distribution of Respondents on the attainment of the objectives of
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in Sitio Panipasan, Marilog District
in terms of Education Program
4.2.2 EDUCATION PROGRAM Mean Interpretation
A. The children are able to attend 3.92 Highly Attained
classes every day.
B. Absenteeism of school children has 4 Highly Attained
been reduced
C. The parents/guardians are able to 4 Highly Attained
give daily school allowance
(“baon”) to their children.
D. Parents are able to pay their child’s 3.88 Highly Attained
school contributions.
E. Parents are able to provide school
requirements (projects, school 3.98
supplies, allowance, etc.) to their Highly Attained
children.

Weighted Mean 3.96 Highly Attained

Legend: Scale Descriptive Rating

3.26-4.00 Highly Attained
2.51-3.25 Attained
1.76-2.50 Poorly Attained
1.00-1.75 Not Attained

Table 8 shows the distribution of the beneficiaries’ level of attainment on the

objectives of the 4Ps in education program. All indicators of the objectives in education

program were: a.) the children are able to attend classes every day with 3.92; b.)

absenteeism of school children has been reduced with 4; c.)the parents/guardian are

able to give daily school allowance (“baon”) to their children with 4; d.) parents are

able to pay their child’s school contributions with 3.88; and e.) parents are able to
 31

provide school requirements (projects, school supplies, allowance, etc.) to their children

with 3.98. The overall mean of 3.96 indicates that the objectives of 4Ps in education

program were highly attained.

Discussions

This table shows that the objectives of 4Ps in education program were highly

attained with an overall mean of 3.96. All indicators conformed to the objectives of 4Ps

which stated that the 4Ps program will provide an education grant of Php300 per child

per month up to a maximum of 3 children or Php 3,000 per year and to fulfill the

country’s commitment to meet the one of the Millennium Development Goals like to

achieve a universal primary education and to break the intergenerational poverty cycle

through investments in human capital through education (DSWD, 2006).

4.2.3 FAMILY DEVELOPMENT SESSIONS

Table 9. Distribution of Respondents on the attainment of the objectives of

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in Sitio Panipasan, Marilog District
in terms of Education Program
4.2.3. FAMILY DEVELOPMENT Mean Interpretation
SESSIONS
A. The Family Development Sessions are 3.88 Highly Attained
done at least once a month.
B. There are seminars/workshops for 3.90 Highly Attained
responsible parenthood and family
planning.
C. There are programs or seminars 3.92 Highly Attained
conducted in drug awareness and fire
prevention.
D. The program conducted different
livelihood learning program or activities 3.92 Highly Attained
for the beneficiaries.
E. The 4Ps program conducted different
community activities that help to 3.86 Highly Attained
develop the social involvement of
women.

Weighted Mean 3.90 Highly Attained

 32

Legend: Scale Descriptive Rating

3.26-4.00 Highly Attained
2.51-3.25 Attained
1.76-2.50 Poorly Attained
1.00-1.75 Not Attained

Table 9 shows the distribution of the beneficiaries’ level of attainment on the

objectives of the 4Ps in family development sessions. There are programs or seminars

conducted in drug awareness and fire prevention and the program conducted different

livelihood learning program or activities for the beneficiaries got the highest mean of

3.92; followed by there are seminars/workshops for responsible parenthood and family

planning, 3.90; the Family Development Sessions are done at least once a month, 3.88

and the 4Ps program conducted different community activities that help to develop the

social involvement of women, 3.86.

Discussions

The overall mean of 3.90 indicates that the objectives of 4Ps in Sitio Panipasan

Marilog District were highly attained. This result holds true as identified by Fernandez

and Oflindo (2011), that more conditionalities were added as the program evolved and

one of those is the attendance of Family Development Sessions (FDS). This

conditionalities made the design of the 4Ps program unique among other CCT models

because it is increasingly being looked at as a vehicle for increasing awareness on various

advocacies on family issues.

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CHAPTER 4

FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter contains the conclusion of the study based on the findings and

generated recommendations of this paper.

Summary of Findings

The study reveals that the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of

occupation was that majority of the respondents were farmers with a frequency score of

38 or 76%. For the monthly family income of the respondents, it is evident that most of

the respondents have an income ranging between P 1,000-P 4,000 with 36 count or 71%.

Lastly, as to the number of children who are under in 4Ps in every household, most of the

respondents have 1 child with the count of 24 or 47%.

In the second statement of the problem, the researchers found out that all of the

respondents availed the health grant benefits: P500 per household every month and

almost all of the respondents availed the education grant: P300 per child every month;

parenting, health and nutrition seminars for parent beneficiaries and preventive health

check-ups and vaccines for children aging, pre- and post-natal care for pregnant women

and deworming pills twice a year for children. Moreover, there were other benefits

availed by the beneficiaries which are not listed. These were the following: corn, fruits

and vegetables seeds, organic insecticide (humus) and cassava trunk to be planted.
 34

In the third statement of the problem, the researchers found out that the most

common problems encountered by the 4Ps beneficiaries was that the system in releasing

the cash assistance is not organized with the count of 25 or with the rank of 1 among the

other indicators and the last was that there was no proper dissemination of information

every time there is program or seminars with the count of 15 or with the rank of 6.

Furthermore, there was another common problem that was experienced by the 4Ps

beneficiaries. They said that their children who enrolled in secondary level or grade 7

were not immediately monitored or updated by the program that is why the amount

intended for that child was not received by the parent during the cash releasing because

the name of her child was still in his/her previous elementary school.

In the fourth statement of the problem in the extent of attainment of objectives of

the 4Ps program, poverty alleviation, health and nutrition program, education program

and family development sessions were all highly attained by the program.

Conclusions

On the basis of the demographic profile of the respondents, majority of the

respondents are farmers who earn a meager income. With that, they really need the

financial help from the government.

On the other hand, the most availed benefit of the beneficiaries was the health

grant and the least availed are the pre- and post-natal care for pregnant women and the

deworming pills for children. Since the beneficiaries are all women and children they
 35

really need the health care provision most especially for the pregnant women and the

children.

The most common problem that they had encountered was the inorganized system

of releasing the cash assistance and the irregular monitoring of the enrollment status of

children. This really needs an immediate action from the government to avoid another

problems.

In the extent of the attainment of the objectives of 4Ps in Sitio Panipasan, Marilog

District, the objectives in poverty alleviation, health and nutrition, education and family

development sessions were highly attained by the program. They received the intended

benefits for them and they firmly believed that the program helps their family to sustain

their daily basic needs. However, there were some objectives that were less attained

which need some improvement or modification.

 36

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are hereby

presented:

The implementers should check, monitor and update regularly the enrollment

status of the children who were under the program so that the amount that was intended

for the child will be received by the parents and will be used for their school expenditure.

They should provide a convenient and systematic way of releasing the cash assistance

and they should release the money on time based on the given date. Furthermore, the

implementers should create a business program for the beneficiaries that will teach them

how to generate their income and cash assistance into a small business and provide job

opportunities for the beneficiaries other than conditional cash transfer. Lastly, the

implementers should continue the implementation of 4Ps or design another program for

the beneficiaries who graduated from the program.

On the other hand, the benefactors should avail the given benefits and utilize the

assistance given by the program. From this, the implementers can identify their strengths

and weaknesses for the enhancement of the program. In addition, beneficiaries who used

their benefits wisely could be given an award and must be made model recipients of the
 37

community. The government may give them monetary award that would further help

improve their lives.

The Department of Health, Department of Education and other partnered agencies

of the program should conduct different programs that will help the 4Ps beneficiaries to

earn a permanent and concrete source of income and the idea of cooperative may also be

introduced to the beneficiaries with entrepreneurial skills and other related endeavor,

develop a concrete awareness about the importance of healthy living and make a literacy

program that will help improve their reading and writing skills.

This study could serve as an additional knowledge about the program for the

researchers, in order to successfully understand the program and to realize the

significance of this program to the lives of the benefactors.

For the future researchers, this study could serve as a basis for the next study. It is

recommended that another study be conducted to investigate the future condition of the

program.