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A Proposed Design of Ice Plant
A Proposed Design of Ice Plant
FREEZING TEMPERATURE
From the book Refrigeration Engineering by Macintire and Hutchinson, p. 571 freezing time can be
evaluated using the equation and from the book
Refrigeration by Chris Langley constant varying varies from 5.5 to 7:
t =
t = Freezing temperature
C = Constant varying from 5.5 – 7
T = Brine temperature
X = Thickness of ice
t =
t = 39.65 hrs
Q3 = raising the temperature of water from its freezing temperature to the brine temperature
= (mass) (specific heat of water) (temperature difference)
= (30,000 kg/day) (2.093 KJ/kg-°k) (0-9.12) (1/24) (1/3600)
= 6.628 KW
Q2 = changing the latent heat of water at its freezing temperature from liquid to solid
= (mass) (latent heat of water)
(30,000 kg/day) (355 KJ/kg) (1/24)(1/3600)
= 123.264 KW
A=Q/UxD
= 837,130.401 Btu/hr-ft2-°F/225(10°F)
= 372.057 ft2
A = 372.057 + 15% allowance
= 372.057 + 372.057(.15)
= 427.867 ft2
no. of tubes = A / surface area of the tube used
m = Qr/ (h1 – h3) = 245.277KW / 1443.9 kJ/kg – 390.587 kJ/kg
m = .233 kg/s
Pipe Size
Q = AV
(use velocity of 2 m/s from INDUSTRIAL REFRIGERATION HANDBOOK, CHAPTER 9 PIPE
SIZING, page 349.)
3.415x10-4 m3/s = [πD2 (2 m/s)]/ 4
D = 0.0147 m
= 0.557 in (use B.I pipe with nominal diameter of 1 in)
use 1.315in diameter from (http://gotocfr.com/tools/pipe-schedule.pdf)
= (1.315in) (1 ft/12 in) (20 ft)
= 6.89 ft2 per length of B.I. Pipe
= 427.867 ft2 / 6.89 ft2/ length
= 62.14 length of B.I. pipe
= 63 length of B.I. Pipe 1” D
ENTHALPIES
The enthalpies can be calculated by knowing this two
temperatures from the compressor model # VZ6AVT(HASEGAWA), the Evaporating temperature (-
15°C) and the Condensing temperature (40°C). The refrigerant is ammonia; we can refer to the table
A-3 page 420 RAC by Stoecker & Jones.
By interpolation:
h1 = 1443.9 kJ / kg
h3 = hf @ 40°C = 390.587 kJ / kg
S1 = S2 = Sg @ -15 °C = 5.827 kJ/kg K
h2 = h1 = 1,557 kpa = 1720 kJ/ kg
h4 = h3
CONDENSER
Qr = mr ( h2 – h3 )
where:
Qr = heat rejected
Qa = mr ( h1 – h2 )
mr = Qa / ( h1-h3 )
mw = Qr / cp ( T )
= 245.277 / 4.187 kJ/kg – K) ( 31 – 27)
= 14.65 kg/s
FLOW RATE
f = Mw/Pw
= 14.65 kg/s / 1000 kg/m3
= .0146 m3/s
Capacity = 216.98 kW
No. of cylinder = 6
Cylinder: Bore mm) = 132
Stroke (mm) = 106
Speed = 1075 RPM
Piston Displacement = 561.38 m3/hr
Refrigerant Connection
Suction (mm) = 100
Discharge (mm) = 75
Standard Motor = 45 kW
COMPRESSOR
The compressor used in this design is a flanged motor compressor,
single stage and the refrigerant used is ammonia. The selection of the compressor is based on the heat
load.
Q = 194.52 kW
L = 2C + /2 (D2 + D1) + ( D2 – D1 )/ 4
= 2(30) + ( /2) (21.1 + 13.9) + (21.1 – 13.9/4(105))
= 136.04 inches
From table 7-2 Machine Elements in Mechanical Design by Robert L. Mott select standard belt = 140
inches
C =
B = 4L – 6.28 ( D2 + D1 )
= 4(136.04) – 6.28 (21.1 + 13.9)
= 324.36
Solving for C
C =
= 40.38
Number of Belts
Ө1 = 180°– 2 sin-1 [(D2 – D1) / 2C]
= 180°– 2 sin-1 [(21.1 – 10.8) / 40.38]
= 154°
Determine the correction factors from Figure 7-14 and Figure 7-15
Elements in Mechanical Design by Robert L. Mott
For Ө1 = 154°
CӨ = 0.93; For L = 140 in; CL = 1.0
Corrected Power = CӨ x L x CL
= (0.93) (27.69) (1.0)
= 25.75 hp
Number of Belts = 439.94 / 19.32
= 2.8 (use 3 belts)
LIQUID RECIEVER
The size of the liquid receiver is such that it
can store the total volume of the refrigerant when pumping down the system. From the compressor
capacity
ACCUMULATOR
Normally accumulator is should be less than 30% to 40% of
the total evaporator capacity. (use 35% allowance).
D = .062 ft
R = .031 ft
V = Volume of evaporator coil
V = π (.031)2 (20) (203)
= 12.257 ft3 x (.35)
= 4.29 ft3
BRINE AGIGATOR
The brine agitator is installed in the end
portion of the brine tank because it is more convenient when removal is required for repair. The brine
agitator should have the capacity of 60 to 70 gallons/ton/min. (use 65gallons/ton/min).
P = ϒ Qb H
Qb = 65 gallons/ton/min (30 tons)
= 1950 gallons/min (1/60)
= 32.5 gal/s or .123 m3/s
P = (1.755)(9.81)(.123)(1)
= 2.117 kW or 2.84 hp
FREEZING TANK
Freezing tank or brine tank is provided with a race way,
which the evaporator coil is installed. In this design the coil race way has a width of 39.37 inches.
Base = base of ice x 20 blocks/row + 39.37 + .5 inch gap between blocks x 20 blocks
= 269.27 inches or 7 meters
Length = length of ice x 20 blocks + 1 inch gap x 20 gaps
= 470 inches or 12 meters
COOLING TOWER
The selection of cooling tower is based on the computed quantity of the condensing medium, which is
water.
From AOSUA table of specification model AB-60 is selected with the following specifications: