Technological University of the Philippines

College of Engineering

Electronics Engineering Department

Ayala Blvd., Ermita, Manila

ELE 17L

Data Communications, Lab.

Activity 1

Submitted by:

Garcia, Jan Miguel L.

Ramos, Shieva

Tulin, Lavern

BSECE - 5A

Submitted to:

Engr. Jepp Quijano

2nd Semester, A.Y. 2019 - 2020

Classless IPv4 Subnetting

Subnetting is dividing a large block of addresses into several contiguous sub-blocks and assigning
these to different smaller networks.

Network address –

It is the first address in the network and it is used for identification network segment. All the IP
addresses, using the same network address part, are in the same network segment.

Broadcast address

It is the last address in the network, and it is used for addressing all the nodes in the network at
the same time. It means that IP packet, where the destination address is broadcast address, is sent
to all nodes of the IP network.

Subnet Mask –

It is a 32-bit number that masks an IP address, and divides the IP address into network address
and host address. Subnet Mask is made by setting network bits to all "1"s and setting host bits to
all "0"s.

The default mask in different classes are:

Class Range N and H

A 0 - 127 255.0.0.0
B 128 - 191 255.255.0.0
C 192 - 223 255.255.255.0

1. By Host Requirement
a. Host
b. Bits
c. NSM
d. Binary format
e. Decimal format
f. Increment
g. Range
h. AN
i. UH
j. Total UIP

2. 23.0.0.0/8, Class A, Subnet into 40 Host

 a. Host = 40 (101000)
b. Bits = 6
c. NSM = 32 - bits, 32 - 6 = 26
d. Binary = 11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 11000000
e. Decimal = 255.255.255.192
f. Increment = i(64)
g. Range
i. 23.0.0.0 --- 23.0.0.63
ii. 23.0.0.64 - 23.0.0.127
iii. 23.0.0.128 - 23.0.0.191
iv. 23.0.0.192 - 23.0.0.255
h. AN = 2bits = 26 = 64
i. UH = 232-NSM-2 = 232-26-2 = 62
j. Total UIP = ANxUH = 64x62 = 3968

3. 131.131.0.0/16, Class B, Subnet into 160 Host

a. Host = 160 (10100000)
b. Bits = 8
c. NSM = 32 - bits, 32 - 8 = 24
d. Binary = 11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 00000000
e. Decimal = 255.255.255.0
f. Increment = i(1)
g. Range
i. 131.131.0.0 - 131.131.0.255
ii. 131.131.1.0 - 131.131.1.255
iii. 131.131.2.0 - 131.131.2.255
iv. Continue until you reach 131.131.255.255
h. AN = 2bits = 28 = 256
i. UH = 232-NSM-2 = 232-24-2 = 254
j. Total UIP = ANxUH = 256x254 = 65024

4. 223.223.223.0/24, Class C, Subnet into 30 Host

a. Host = 30 (11110)
b. Bits = 5
c. NSM = 32 - bits, 32 - 5 = 27
d. Binary = 11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 11100000
e. Decimal = 255.255.255.224
f. Increment = i(32)
g. Range
i. 223.223.223.0 - 223.223.223.31
ii. 223.223.223.32 - 223.223.223.63

iii. 223.223.223.64 - 223.223.223.95

 iv. Continue until you reach 223.223.223.255
h. AN = 2bits = 25 = 32
i. UH = 232-NSM-2 = 232-27-2 = 30
j. Total UIP = ANxUH = 32x30 = 960

1. By Network Requirement
a. Network
b. Bits
c. NSM
d. Binary format
e. Decimal format
f. Increment
g. Range
h. AN
i. UH
j. Total UIP

2. 125.0.0.0/8, Class A, Subnet into 60 Network

a. Network = 60 (111100)
b. Bits = 6
c. NSM = OSM + bits, 8 + 6 = 14
d. Binary = 11111111. 11111100. 00000000. 00000000
e. Decimal = 255.252.0.0
f. Increment = i(4)
g. Range
i. 125.0.0.0 - 125.3.255.255
ii. 125.4.0.0 - 125.7.255.255
iii. 125.8.0.0 - 125.11.255.255
iv. Continue until you reach 125.255.255.255
h. AN = 2bits = 26 = 64
i. UH = 232-NSM-2 = 232-14-2 = 262142
j. Total UIP = ANxUH = 64x262142 = 16,777,088

3. 185.185.0.0/4, Class B, Subnet into 8 Network

a. Network = 8 (1000)
b. Bits = 4
c. NSM = OSM + bits, 4 + 4 = 8
d. Binary = 11111111. 00000000. 00000000. 00000000
e. Decimal = 255.0.0.0
f. Increment = i(1)
g. Range

i. 185.185.0.0 - 185.255.255.255
 ii. 186.185.0.0 - 186.255.255.255
iii. Continue until you reach 255.255.255.255
h. AN = 2bits = 24 = 16
i. UH = 232-NSM-2 = 232-8-2 =16777214
j. Total UIP = ANxUH = 16x16777214 = 268,435,424

4. 205.205.205.0/16, Class C, Subnet into 1200 Network

a. Network = 1200 (10010110000)
b. Bits = 11
c. NSM = OSM + bits, 16 + 11 = 27
d. Binary = 11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 11100000
e. Decimal = 255.255.255.224
f. Increment = i(32)
g. Range
i. 205.205.205.0 - 205.205.205.31
ii. 205.205.205.32 - 205.205.205.63
iii. 205.205.205.64 - 205.205.205.95
iv. Continue until you reach 205.205.205.255
h. AN = 2bits = 211 = 2048
i. UH = 232-NSM-2 = 232-27-2 = 30
j. Total UIP = ANxUH = 2048x30 = 61440

1. Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM)

VLSM amounts to "subnetting subnets," which means that VLSM allows network
engineers to divide an IP address space into a hierarchy of subnets of different sizes, making it
possible to create subnets with very different host counts without wasting large numbers of
addresses.

2. Example No. 1

40.180.200.17/8 (Class A)

Given: 111 Hosts, 50 Hosts, 25 Hosts, 2x2 Hosts (Highest to lowest host)

a. Host = 111 (1101111)

i. Bits = 7
ii. NSM = 32 - bits, 32 - 7 = 25
 iii. Binary = 11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 10000000
iv. Decimal = 255.255.255.128
v. Increment = i(128)
vi. Range
1. 40.180.200.17 - 40.180.200.144 1
2. 40.180.200.145

b. Host = 50 (110010)
i. Bits = 6
ii. NSM = 32 - bits, 32 - 6 = 26
iii. Binary = 11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 11000000
iv. Decimal = 255.255.255.192
v. Increment = i(64)
vi. Range
1. 40.180.200.145 - 40.180.200.208 2
2. 40.180.200.209

c. Host = 25 (11001)
i. Bits = 5
ii. NSM = 32 - bits, 32 - 5 = 27
iii. Binary = 11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 11100000
iv. Decimal = 255.255.255.224
v. Increment = i(32)
vi. Range
1. 40.180.200.209 - 40.180.200.240 3
2. 40.180.200.241

d. Host = 2 (10)
i. Bits = 2
ii. NSM = 32 - bits, 32 - 2 = 30
iii. Binary = 11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 11111100
iv. Decimal = 255.255.255.252
v. Increment = i(4)
vi. Range
1. 40.180.200.241 - 40.180.200.244 4
2. 40.180.200.245 - 40.180.200.248 5
3. 40.180.200.249
3. Example No. 2

170.10.190.97/16 (Class B)

Given: 50 hosts, 24 hosts, 8 hosts, 2x3 hosts (Highest to lowest host)

a. Host = 50 (110010)
i. Bits = 6
ii. NSM = 32 - bits, 32 - 6 = 26
iii. Binary = 11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 11000000
iv. Decimal = 255.255.255.192
v. Increment = i(64)
vi. Range
1. 170.10.190.97 - 170.10.190.160 1
2. 170.10.190.161

b. Host = 24 (11000)
i. Bits = 5
ii. NSM = 32 - bits, 32 - 5 = 27
iii. Binary = 11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 11100000
iv. Decimal = 255.255.255.224
v. Increment = i(32)
vi. Range
1. 170.10.190.161 - 170.10.190.192 2
2. 170.10.190.193

c. Host = 8 (1000)
i. Bits = 4
ii. NSM = 32 - bits, 32 - 4 = 28
iii. Binary = 11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 11110000
iv. Decimal = 255.255.255.240
v. Increment = i(16)
vi. Range
 1. 170.10.190.193 - 170.10.190.208 3
2. 170.10.190.209

d. Host = 2 (10)
i. Bits = 2
ii. NSM = 32 - bits, 32 - 2 = 30
iii. Binary = 11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 11111100
iv. Decimal = 255.255.255.252
v. Increment = i(4)
vi. Range
1. 170.10.190.209 - 170.10.190.212 4
2. 170.10.190.213 - 170.10.190.216 5
3. 170.10.190.217 - 170.10.190.220 6
4. 170.10.190.221

4. Example No. 3

199.80.70.30/24 (Class C)

Given: 50 hosts, 27 hosts, 12x2 hosts, 2x4 hosts (Highest to lowest host)

a. Host = 50 (110010)
i. Bits = 6
ii. NSM = 32 - bits, 32 - 6 = 26
iii. Binary = 11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 11000000
iv. Decimal = 255.255.255.192
v. Increment = i(64)
vi. Range
1. 199.80.70.30 - 199.80.70.93 1
2. 199.80.70.94

b. Host = 27 (11011)
i. Bits = 5
ii. NSM = 32 - bits, 32 - 5 = 27
iii. Binary = 11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 11100000
 iv. Decimal = 255.255.255.224
v. Increment = i(32)
vi. Range
1. 199.80.70.94 - 199.80.70.125 2
2. 199.80.70.126

c. Host = 12 (1100)
i. Bits = 4
ii. NSM = 32 - bits, 32 - 4 = 28
iii. Binary = 11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 11110000
iv. Decimal = 255.255.255.240
v. Increment = i(16)
vi. Range
1. 199.80.70.126 - 199.80.70.141 3
2. 199.80.70.142 - 199.80.70.157 4
3. 199.80.70.158

d. Host = 2 (10)
i. Bits = 2
ii. NSM = 32 - bits, 32 - 2 = 30
iii. Binary = 11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 11111100
iv. Decimal = 255.255.255.252
v. Increment = i(4)
vi. Range
1. 199.80.70.158 - 199.80.70.161 5
2. 199.80.70.162 - 199.80.70.165 6
3. 199.80.70.166 - 199.80.70.169 7
4. 199.80.70.170 - 199.80.70.173 8
5. 199.80.70.174