University of Baghdad

College of Engineering
Department of Mechanical
Engineering

Theory of machine
laboratory
Name:- Rasool Naser Kareem
Stage :- 3rd Year
Sec:- c
 Experiment name
TM127 Governor Apparatus
Abstract :_
The function of a governor is to regulate the mean speed of an
engine, when there are variations in loads e.g. when load on an
engine increase or decrease, obviously its speed will, respectively
decrease or increase to the extent of variation of load. This
variation of speed has be controlled by the governor, within small
limits mean speed. This necessitates that when the load increase
and consequently the speed decreases, the supply of fuel to the
engine has be increase accordingly to compensate for loss the
speed so as to bring back the speed to the mean speed and speed
increase conversely when the load decrease and speed increase .
the supply of fuel has to be reduced

OBJECTIVE :-
To Determine the effect of varying speed on the control of sleeve in
Porter Governor
 Discussion
1-How does it differ from that of a flywheel?
-Flywheel Flywheel acts as an energy reservoir.. flywheel stores the energy
when the supply of energy is more than the requirement and it releases the
energy when the requirement is more than the supply..Flywheel has no
control on quality of the working medium..

Flywheel controls dN/dt( "variation of speed per each cycle of an engine")

Governor

Governor maintain the speed of engine as per load..if the load on the engine
decreases/increases, governor decreases/increases the supply of "fuel
(quality governing in Diesel engine)"

or

"(stop the supply ( hit and mass governing in gas engine Governor has control
over the quality of the working medium Governor controls dN(as closely as
possible a "constant mean speed"

2-State the different types of governors?

3-What is the difference between centrifugal and inertia type
governors?
1)The operation of a centrifugal governor depends on the change in speed
and centrifugal force on the governor balls.

1)In addition to centrifugal force, the position of governor ball and thus the
operation of governor controlled by force of angular acceleration and
retardation of the spindle.

2)Only centrifugal force is in controlling action.

2)In inertia governor, both centrifugal force and inertia force are in action.

3)The sensitiveness is less when compared to inertia governo

Highly sensitive to varying load. )3

4)The response is slower than that of inertia governor.

4)The reaction of inertia governor is faster than that of the centrifugal

governor (quick response).

5)Easy to balance the revolving parts.

5)Hard to balance revolving parts. 6)This type of governor more frequently

used.

6)They are not popular

. 4-What is the stability of a governor?

-A governor is said to be unstable, if the radius of rotation decreases as the

speed increases. Agovernor is said to be isochronous when range of speed is
zero for all radii of rotation of the balls within the working range, neglecting
friction.

5)Define the Sensitiveness of governor?

 -The sensitiveness is defined as the ratio of the difference between the
maximum and minimum equilibrium speeds to the mean equilibrium
speed. ... Explanation: A governor is said to be unstable, if the radius of
rotation decreases as the speed increases.

6)Which of the governor is used to drive a gramophone?

-A Pickering governor is mostly used for driving gramophone. It consists of
three straight leaf springs arranged at equal angular intervals round the
spindle. Each spring carries a weight at the center