UNIT – II

MOVING FLOORS

Moving Floors

'Kinetic architecture' implies the integration of a particular degree of motion within the design
of buildings. Moving floor is Norman Foster's 'Sper- one Westwater . Goal is achieving
sustainable design and enhanced. Objective of the paper is to determine: the degree to
which the complexity of kinematic. experiments – on
improving buildings' environmental performance.

Objects with moving parts of façades, mobile walls, or rotating components, but often are
needs, each flip will allow architects to redesign the scheme of the floor. In this direction,
movement concept in kinetic structures applied from the 20th century to today. The most
common purpose is adapting to environmental conditions.

The main motivation for moving toward kinetic architecture lies in the…

 Kinetic envelopes;
 Green architecture;
 Facades;
 Energy performance;

Interactive objects to achieve numerous goals, including environmental considerations,

Adaptive Kinetic Architecture and Collective Behaviour:

Types of Moving Floors

 Dynamic / Moving Floors

 Revolving / Rotating Floors
 Partial / Sliding Floors
 Elevatable / Rising Floors

Dynamic / Moving floors

Dynamic Architecture buildings follows nature. Makes modern architecture more efficient &
environment friendly. Dynamic Architecture buildings keep modifying their shape. Each floor
rotates separately.Form of the building changes constantly.

Features of Dynamic Architecture construction methods ability to produce energy on its own.

Need / Use / Benefits

 Improves building’s performance

 Solves circulation issues
 Physical movement and Spatial Experience
What happens?

 Rearranges floor layout

 Floor Rotates or Slides
 Modifies flooring patterns
 Multiple use
 Alternate use

Construction & Methods

 Modular moving parts

 Track movement
 Rotating components
 Sliding elements
 Material

These buildings with dynamic floors

 prefabricated units,
 custom-made in a workshop,
 very high quality standards,
 fast construction,
 cost savings
 Less man power needed.

What is dynamic design in architecture?

The newest modern architecture design concept is called Dynamic Architecture.

Dynamic Architecture buildings follow the sun and move to the wind, making
modern architecture design more efficient and environment friendly. Dynamic
Architecture buildings keep modifying their shape.

Dynamic Floors / Moving Floors

 Elevators
 Escalators
 Moving Walkways

Elevators
An elevator or lift is a vertical transport vehicle that efficiently moves people or goods
between floors of a building. They are generally powered by electric motors that either drive
traction cables and counterweight systems, or pump hydraulic fluid to raise a cylindrical
piston.

An elevator (US and Canada) or lift (UK, Ireland and Australia) is a type of vertical
transportation device that moves people or goods between floors (levels, decks) of a
building, vessel, or other structure. Languages other than English may have loanwords
based on either elevator or lift.

Escalators

An escalator is a moving staircase which carries people between floors of a building. It

consists of a motor-driven chain of individually linked steps on a track which cycle on a pair
of tracks which keep them horizontal. Escalators are used around the world in places where
lifts would be impractical.

A typical escalator uses a 100 horsepower motor to rotate the gears. The motor and chain
system are housed inside the truss, a metal structure extending between two floors. Instead
of moving a flat surface, as in a conveyer belt, the chain loops move a series of steps. As the
chains move, the steps always stay level.

Moving Walkways

A moving walkway, also known as an autowalk, moving sidewalk, moving pavement,

people-mover, travolator, or travelator, is a slow-moving conveyor mechanism that
transports people across a horizontal or inclined plane over a short to medium
distance. Moving walkways can be used by standing or walking on them.
A typical moving walkway belt travels at 1.4 mph., which is how fast a person
would move if they just stood on the belt — or about half the pace of a normal walk
speed at an airport. People walking on a moving walkway stride at roughly 2.24 mph,
Young found, indicating that they slow down from their normal 3 mph rate.

Buildings / Architectural space

 Movable Floors - Swimming Pool

 Retracting Floors – Performance Theatre
 Revolving Floors – Restaurant
 Interactive Floors

Swimming Pool

A movable floor pool functions through a system of cables and pulleys. These cables and
pulleys are located under the floor of the pool and are powered by hydraulic rams, situated
in a nearby plant room.

• Vertical lifting
• Sliding
• Folding

Vertical lifting:

Pool lifts are assistive lifting devices designed to transfer people with limited mobility or
disabilities into a pool or spa. In the past, aquatic therapy, also known as pool therapy and
aqua therapy, was only available at hospitals, rehabilitation centers and select
commercial pools.
Sliding

The client had a young family who enjoyed swimming but they also wanted a play area that
was secure, safe and dry. They liked the fact that a movable Hydrofloor would give them
peace of mind during social functions or when the unsupervised children had access to the
room. They achieved their goal without compromising the garden or any of the original
usable space.

Folding

The most common concern with an outdoor swimming pool is, above all else, safety.
movable floor systems adhere to stringent safety standards, with the unique ability to lock
the floor in its covered position and adjust water height in accordance with children’s height
and swimming ability. The rigid floor completely covers the swimming pool and the water is
inaccessible, highly-durable surface, giving you peace of mind.
Performance Theatres

Swiss Tech Convention CenterGalaSystems_LeDiamant Transformation

The SwissTech Convention Center is one of the largest conference centers in the
Lake Geneva region hosting events of international fame. This majestic building is
distinguished by its modernity, its innovative technologies and a warm and
experienced team.

The SwissTech Convention Center distinguishes itself from other major congress
c
centers by its number of conference rooms and its adaptable capacity. The
architecture of the building allows three auditoriums to become one; the number of
seats in each auditorium can also be changed in just a few minutes. This modularity
is based
d on two mechanisms: a system of sliding walls, and the Gala Venue
technology.

REVOLVING FLOORS

Revolving is another way of injecting a little kinetics into a structure,

REVOLVING RESTAURANT

A revolving restaurant or rotating restaurant is usually a tower restaurant eating space

designed to rest atop a broad circular revolving platform that operates as a large turntable.
The building remains stationary and the diners are carried on the revolving floor. The
revolving rate varies between one and three times per hour and enables patrons to enjoy a
panoramic view without leaving their seats.
Such restaurants
nts are often located on upper stories of hotels, communication towers,
towers
and skyscrapers.
Design and Construction
Revolving restaurants are designed as a circular structure, with a platform that rotates
around a core in the center. The center core would contain the building's elevators, kitchens,
or other features.
The restaurant itself would rest on a thin steel platform, with the platform sitting on top of a
series of wheels connected to the floor of the structure. Alternatively, some designs, like one
in Memphis, Tennessee, would have the platform mounted on tires.
A motor would rotate the restaurant at less than one horsepower. The speed of rotation is
noted to vary, depending on preference.

What is a revolving bar?

The following is a list of revolving restaurants. A revolving restaurant is usually a tower

restaurant (an eating space) designed to rest atop a broad circular revolving platform that
operates as a large turntable. The building remains stationary and the diners are carried on
the revolving floor.

How does the revolving restaurant work?

A revolving restaurant or rotating restaurant is usually a tower restaurant eating space

designed to rest atop a broad circular revolving platform that operates as a large turntable.
The building remains stationary and the diners are carried on the revolving floor.
Architects have always aimed towards building bigger, wider and higher (and, recently, more
sustainable as well). Now technology has made a fourth design dimension
possible: movement.

Everingham Rotating House

Don’t like the view out the window? Change it! That’s what the designers of the Everingham
Rotating House had in mind when designing this quaintly styled spinning cottage. Thanks to
perfect balancing around a precisely located center of gravity, a motor no bigger than one
used to power an average washing machine can turn the house a full 360 degrees in about
2 hours.

Al and Janet Johnstone of Mountain Helix, CA, think their rotating home is so cool, they’ve
patented their plans. The heart of what the Johnstones call – wait for it –
the RotatingHome is a SWIVEL mechanism that allows rotation in either direction without
disturbing utility connections. A RotatingHome can be set to spin once every 30 minutes to
once a day.

The Orchid House takes kinetic housing to the next level. While its outer walls, supporting
members and central core are fixed, the interior non-loadbearing walls can be shifted in a
number of directions so that each room is just large enough for the owner’s needs.

The home includes a sun deck that fans out over the water, supported by pontoons. The
Orchid House may look somewhat rustic but it utilizes the latest in green technology –
geothermal heating. Very much a work in progress, the beautiful orchid House is set for
completion in 2011 and recently sold to an anonymous buyer for a whopping $14.2 million!

ELEVATABLE FLOORS

A substructure for supporting the drilling structure on the surface through which drilling is to
occur, an elevatable floor assembly our liftable floor systems are mainly used for swimming
pools on cruise liners and mega yachts. The lifting and lowering works by using a scissor-lift
system out.

An elevatable building including a foundation set into a ground the invention that
the floors and walls are constructed from lightweight.

Observed floor elevations, calculated variation of each point over test series, and calculated
difference. There was a slightly greater variation in elevatable floors.

Low level base means extend longitudinally on the earth's surface. Drilling mast support
means are positioned adjacent and pivotally connected to the base means and setback
tower means are pivotally connected to the mast support means and to the base means.
Drilling mast means are secured to the mast support means.

Lifting frame means are connected to the drilling mast support means whereby said drilling
mast support means, mast connected thereto and setback tower means may be
simultaneously elevated from a reclined position to an upright position on the base means.

Cable means may be secured at one end to the lifting frame means and extended around
sheave means on the base means over sheave means on the lifting frame means and under
sheave means on the mast support means and then connected at its other end with any
suitable power source to exert a pull on the cable and elevate the mast support, mast and
setback tower to an upright position on the base means where the mast may be secured in
upright position.

Elevatable draw works support means is pivotally connected to the low level base means
adjacent the other side of the drilling mast support means. The drawworks support means is
provided with rotary table support means projecting from the drawworks support means.

When the elevatable draw works support means is raised to position it adjacent the upright
drilling mast support means in a manner well known, the rotary table support means is
properly positioned adjacent the drilling mast setback tower means so that the rotary table
support means may be secured to the elevated setback tower to form a rigid substructure for
the upright drilling mast.

POOL- LIFTABLE FLOORS

Our liftable floor systems are mainly used for swimming pools on cruise liners and mega
yachts. The lifting and lowering works by using a scissor-lift system out of stainless steel,
which is driven by means of water-hydraulics.

For larger liftable floors with a small lifting height, electro-mechanically spindles are used,
which are arranged horizontally. The drive components are made out of stainless steel and
suitable plastics. The floors are made out of stainless steel or alternatively out of aluminium
and GRP (glassfibre reinforced plastic).

There are various applications of kinetic systems in architecture.

1. Kinetic structure systems 2. kinetic interior 3. kinetic facades.

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS

The five main categories of structural kinetic architectural systems are

 Retractable structures,
 Retractable skylights and roofs,
 Retractable windows and doors,
 Glass railing/wind screen
 Vertical glazing.
Typology of kinetic structures

As mentioned earlier, kinetic architecture is a wide field that can include and refer to many
subjects. The proposed subject of this thesis focuses on one particular category of kinetic
architecture.

This category involves a specific type of kinetic architecture, related to the physical
movement of structural building elements that can result to the spatial movement of a
structure as an entirety or just part of it.

More particularly, this kind of architecture can be defined as: “Buildings and/or building
components with variable mobility, location and/or geometry. Structural solutions must be
considered in parallel both the ways and means for kinetic operability.

The ways in which a kinetic structural solution performs may include among others, folding,
sliding, expanding, and transforming in both size and shape.

The means by which a kinetic structural solution performs may be, among others,
pneumatic, chemical, magnetic, natural or mechanical.” (Michael A.Fox ) Summarizing the
above definition in two single words, the main concerning issues of this thesis are simply
presented: “folding” and “mechanical”.

Our interest is drawn to structures which “fold” by means of different structural elements
moving with the help of mechanisms. Buildings like the one mentioned before (Planetarium)
and other as Milwaukee Art Museum show this kind of mobility.

Despite the different kind of movement, the Planetarium by bending its articulated elements
around specific axis to imitate the move of the eyelid and to accommodate entranceexit and
Milwaukee Art Museum by moving its elements to produce different shadowing effects, they
both follow the same functional rules. A better explanation can be driven by examining the
categories into which kinetic structures can be divided.

Dynamic Kinetic Structures

Dynamic kinetic structures also exist within a larger architectural whole but act independently
with respect to control of the larger context. Such can be subcategorized as Mobile,
Transformable and Incremental kinetic systems.

Out of the types of kinetic architecture mentioned above, the embedded structures are those
that are going to be studied in this paper.

A number of constructions has been chosen as a representative sample of the architectural

kinetism. These structures are conceptions that have been realised throughout the years
and which, with the mobility that they prove, can be included into the architectural part that
the thesis is researching.

The movement they show appears to a part of their structure and not their entirety and it
serves different purposes like opening and closing entrances or opening and closing dome.

In order these structures to be evaluated, certain criteria need to exist, based on which the
category on the constructions in different sections will be performed. In this case, the criteria
for this categorisation can be the motion mechanisms of the smallest in number set of
elements that forms a kinetic part.
The structures are decomposed to the smallest parts from which they have been formed, like
beams, columns etc. However, in this case, the composition does not reach the primitive
elements of a simple construction but it stops to the smallest individual parts that can form,
when multiplied, the kinetic part of the structure.

This means that by using the smallest number needed of primitive structural elements and
by preserving their relationships over the kinetic movement, the result is the primitive set of
elements needed for the description of this kind of structures.

The first mechanism is been formed by two elements and an articulation between them, with
the first element fixed in a certain position but the possibility of rotating and the second
moving along a specific linear path.

The second case looks like the first. However the first element is stably fixed in a position
and the second element is rotating along a hinge not at the end of the elements body where
there can be a joint, like the fourth case, but inside a point of the second elements body.

The third is a mix of hinge and joints and the fifth is a simpler form of the third including just
the joints. The first four introduce one degree of freedom, whereas the last one shows two
degrees of freedom.

Cases and construction which use mechanisms with three degrees of freedom are not
included to this research, as it is even more complicated this kind of mechanisms to be
animated, where already those with one or two degrees of freedom seem to face obstacles
in their representation.

Kinetic structures are classified into three main categories,

 Embedded,
 Deployable,
 Dynamic kinetic

Embedded Kinetic Structures

Embedded Kinetic Structures Embedded Kinetic Structures are systems that exist within a
larger architectural whole in a fixed location. The primary function is to control the larger
architectural system or building, in response to changing factors.

Embedded Kinetic Structures are systems that exist within a larger architectural whole in a
fixed location. The primary function is to control the larger architectural system or building, in
response to changing factors. Deployable Kinetic structures typically exist in a temporary
location and are easily transportable.

They are part of a larger architectural system in a fixed location. It aims to control the main
architectural system or building, in response to varying factors like structures that dampening
earthquakes.

Embedded Computation

This area addresses sensor technology as a computational control mechanism to

accommodate and respond to changing needs.

Systems will specifically be utilized to interpret functional circumstances and direct motor-
controlled movements to change adaptively to better suit changing human needs.

We exploit the case specifics advantages of both centralized and decentralized systems for
the control of kinetic functions.

Our development of such control mechanisms will draw upon previous research in Ai called
“intelligent Environments” which is dedicated to creating spaces in which computation is
seamlessly used to enhance ordinary activity.

Many research areas in this field have achieved sufficient maturity to act as independent
subsystems that can be beneficially incorporated into kinetic design.

Our motivation lies is sensor technology as a means to actively controlling kinetic objects in
the built environment in response to change.
Deployable Structures

Deployable structures are characterized by lightness, transformability, compactness, rapid

assembly and disassembly, ease of transportation, and material reuse. Designers have
found great potential in deployable structures for various terrestrial and outer-space
space
applications.

A deployable structure is one that can be transformed, with the addition of an ener
energy input,
from a closed stage or Kinetic Requirements.

Once the basic units are understood, students work on two-dimensional

two ensional (or planar) forms
such as single and multi-layer
layer rings ,,plane
plane grid and grids of single and double curvature.
The mathematical theory for geometric design is derived ensuring that all deployability and
Foldability
oldability constraints are satisfied.

Physical models are constructed

structed using appropriate connection details to ensure reliable
deployment. Students are also encou
encouraged to use the commercial program Grasshopper
which facilitates parametric
ric studies with relative ease.

Knowledge of computer programming helps with developing codes

codes to allow better control of
design variables. Some students also pursue advanced topics such
uch as kinematic analysis
where they do a position, velocity and acceleration (PVA) analysis to study the motion of
deployable structures.
The goal of the projects was to create smoothly working deployable structures based on
accurate geometric formulation. A physical model along with AutoCAD drawings and photos
showing the deployment sequence were the deliverables for each assignment. The projects
are assessed based on the design complexity, derivation of correct geometry, quality and
completeness of models and connections.

Usually, six to eight assignments ranging from low to high complexity are completed in a
semester. The size of the projects range from a foot to four feet. Of the available model-
making materials, aluminium, high density fiberboard (HDF) and acrylic of appropriate
thickness have worked well depending on the geometry of the form.

HDF lends itself well to laser-cutting and members made of HDF are connected using
styrene rods. For more robust models, aluminium tubes secured with screws and nuts are
recommended. The cutting of tubes may be accomplished with tools from a hardware store.
Flattening the ends of tubes and drilling holes may require tools usually found in a machine
shop.

After the kit-of-parts is ready, securing the members is far easier with screws and nuts as
compared with using HDF and styrene rods. After working through the project assignments,
a general sentiment has been that what seemed to be very attractive but intimidating to
design and construct was not as difficult.

The familiarity and knowledge gained has alleviated unfounded fears and students are more
confident about designing deployable structures. It was just that they had no academic
setting to learn about
such structures.

Dynamic Kinetic Structures

Dynamic systems act independently with respect to the architectural whole. Applications
may include louvers, doors, partitions, ceilings, walls and various modular components. An
example may be an auditorium with ceiling configurations that can change dependent upon
the audience and the performer locations for obtaining optimal acoustic properties. We will
explore dynamic structures categorically as mobile, transformable and incremental kinetic
systems.
Sub - categories

1) Mobile systems
2) Transformable systems configuration
3) Incremental kinetic systems

1) Mobile systems

Physically moved from one architectural space to another location.

2) Transformable systems

Can change their shape to take another three-dimensional configuration.Usually used for
space-saving or useful requirements.

3) Incremental kinetic systems

Can be added to or subtracted from a building.

a) Centric configuration
b) Linear configuration

a) Centric configuration:

This type depends on a center point as a focal point of the space,

Two typological of patterns in this configuration

 Pivotal configuration
 Peripheral configuration

Pivotal:

It is organized from a main supporting element (pivot) in the center of the form and usually
the kinetic devices in this structure are arranged to be operated back and forward from the
center to the perimeter of the shape.
Peripheral configuration

It is organized in a series of supporting elements placed on the perimeter of the form like the
retraced roof of Qi Zhing tennis center in china

b) Linear configuration

This type depends on an axis (strait or curved), it is consisted of a series of modules (kinetic
devices) which are linked by their edges or their vertices to transmit the movement from on
to the next.

Control Mechanism

We have defined kinetic in the context of architecture as the application of objects having
mechanical parts that can be set in motion.Within each of the three typologies of kinetic
structures:Embedded, Deployable and Dynamic, several levels of machines may exist
simultaneously.

Prior to describing the types of controlled movement for such kinetic systems, we will list a
general breakdown of the levels of machines (Zuk, 1967) by their ability to adapt to differing
needs: Singular in function

Multivariable in function

Multivariable in function with automatic control

Multivariable with heuristic control

Types of Controlled Mechanism

 Internal Control
 Direct Control
 In Direct Control
 Responsive In Direct Control
 Ubiquitous Responsive
 In Direct Control
 Heuristic Responsive
 In Direct Control

Internal Control

Systems in thins category contain an internal control with respect to inherent constructional
rotational and sliding constrains inherent. In this category falls architecture that is deployable
and transpotable. Such systems poses the potential for mechanical movement in a
construction sense, yet they do not have any direct control device or mechanism. The
“Folding Egg” is a prototype kinetic folding sheet structure. demonstarting internal control. It
is constructed from a structurally stable collapsible three dimensional truss structure. The
structure has a 5:1 folding ration and naturally “locks” into a stable open position. It can be
constructed at a very low cosr, with an R-value of 25 and a weight of less than 5.7lbs/per
sections.

Direct Control

Movement is actuated directly by any one of numerous energy sources including electrical
motors, human energy or biomechanical change in response to environmental conditions.
The skylight is one example of a simple rule based rotational system that can be applied to
numerous geometrical configurations. Direct motor control actuates a 3-dimensional
transformation resulting from one straight sliding motion. This skylight consists of eight glass
panels held in compression against an aluminum frame. The glass is lined with an adjustable
shading film to accommodate varying degrees day lighting conditions.

In - Direct Control

Movement is actuated indirectly via a sensor feedback system. The basic system for control
begins with an outside input to a sensor. The sensor must then relay a message to a control
device. The control device relays an on/off operating instruction to an energy source for the
actuation of movement.

As a singular self – controlled response to a singular stimuli. The deployable teleconference

station is a structure that house a computer exhibit and teleconferencing station. The
structure was designed to open automatically for use via single motion sensor that triggers
the deployment.

When not in use, the object is closed into a simple secure (theft – proof) pyramid. While
functioning, the structure transforms into a framed shell for communication. The structure
was designed to express the conceptual aspects of a project (for the 1996 Lyon Biennale) in
reference to language and communication as constantly transforming systems with multiple
encapsulated meanings.
Responsive In – Direct Control

The basic system of operation is the same as in In – Direct Control systems, however the
control device may make decisions based on input form numerous sensors and make an
otimized decision to send to the energy source for the actuation of movement for a singular
object.

The self – deployable macro – modular tent system can be combined into numerous
structurally stable configurations. It has been conceptualized for a distributed sensor system
to respond to natural day lighting conditions.
Ubiquitous Responsive In – Direct Control

Movement in this level is the result of many autonomous sensor/motor (actuator) pairs acting
together as a networked whole. The control system necessitates a “feedback” control
algorithm that is predictive and auto-adaptive. The structure is at once both structure and
envelope, both solid and plastic, a super-skin that could be used either as a temporary
structure or incorporated into an existing structure. The structure is basically an assembly of
one primary cell design.

Heuristic, Responsive In – Direct Control

Movement in this level builds upon either singularly responsive or ubiquitously responsive
self – adjusting movement. Such systems integrate a heuristic or learning capacity into the
control mechanism. The systems learn through successful experiential adaptation to
optimize a system in an environment in response to change.
Energy Sources for Kinetic Architecture

Potential Energy

Thermal (Heat) Energy

Chemical Energy

Electrical Energy

Radiant Energy

Light Energy

Motion Energy

Sound Energy

Elastic Energy

Gravitational Energy

Dynamic Massing

It can be additive or subtractive, regular or irregular, stable or dynamic, centralized, linear,

or radial, unique or repetitive, formal or informal. As in all of architecture, the form
and massing should represent the values of the people the building represents.

Massing is a term in architecture which refers to the perception of the general shape and
form as well as size of a building.

Massing refers to the structure in three dimensions (form), not just its outline from a single
perspective (shape).Massing influences the sense of space which the building encloses, and
helps to define both the interior space and the exterior shape of the building.
The creation of massing, and changes to it, may be additive (accumulating or repeating
masses) or subtractive (creating spaces or voids in a mass by removing parts of it).
Massing can also be significantly altered by the materials used for the building's exterior, as
transparent or layered materials are perceived differently.
It is widely accepted that architectural design begins by studying massing. From a distance,
massing, more than any architectural detail, is what creates the most impact on the eye.
Architectural details or ornaments serve to reinforce massing. Because it has a direct
relation to the visual impact a building makes, massing is one of the most important
architectural design considerations.
Some architectural styles are closely associated with massing. For example, the Prairie
School is always low and horizontal, while the Gothic style emphasizes verticality
and Georgian architecture focuses on solidity and a sense of permanence.
Types of Elevators / Lift

 Building lift
 Capsule lift
 Hydraulic elevator
 Pneumatic elevator
 Passenger lift
 Freight elevator
 Traction elevator/cable driven
 Residential elevators
 Machine room-less elevator

Hydraulic Elevators

A hydraulic elevator is power-driven by a piston that moves within a cylinder. The piston
movement can be done by pumping hydraulic oil to the cylinder. The piston lifts the lift cab
easily, and the oil can be controlled by an electrical valve.

The applications of hydraulic elevators involve in five to six-floor buildings. The operating of
these elevators can be done at speeds up to 200 ft or 61 meters for each minute. All the
current hydraulic pumps are designed with a mechanical Y-delta starter otherwise solid state
contractor.

For the power supply of motor as well as building, solid-state starters are superior. Because
the windings stay longer as well as there is no voltage drop across the building power
supply.

Pneumatic elevator

The pneumatic elevator can be designed with an external cylinder, and the cylinder is a
crystal clear self-supporting cylinder. This cylinder includes modular sections to fit
effortlessly into one by one.
The top of this tube is designed with steel material that ensures tight air shutting by suction
valves as well as inlets. A lift car runs within the cylinder, & the head unit on the top cylinder
surface consists of valves, controllers, and turbines for controlling the elevator movements.

Pneumatic elevators are very easy to fit, operate as well as maintain when compared with
the traditional elevators. These are used in existing homes because of their solid design.
The main benefits of using these elevators include solid design & smooth, speed and
flexibility, energy efficient and very safe.

Traction elevator/cable driven

The traction elevator or cable driven elevators are the most popular elevators. It consists of
steel cables as well as hoisting ropes that run above a pulley which is connected to the
motor. This is geared otherwise gearless-traction type elevator.

In this kind of elevator, several wire and hoisting cables are connected to the surface of an
elevator car with covering around it on sheaves at one end & the other side is connected to a
counterweight that travels up & down on its guide rails.The counterweight is equivalent to the
car’s weight and half of the weight of the passenger in the car.

This means, throughout the lifting process it needs extra power for the additional passengers
in the car; the rest of the load is managed with the weight of the counter. When the control
system is connected to the lift, then it drives the motors in a frontward way, and sheave turns
around to move the car lift upwards and stops in the preferred floor where the car is
controlled by the weight of the counter.

For the car downstairs movement, overturn occurs during a rotating motor through a control
method. For conserving the energy, some types of lift use electric motors with four quadrant
operation in the regenerative method. Because of the high rise as well as high-speed
capacities, these are applicable in several escalators, lifts, etc.
Capsule lift

Capsule lift or Elevators are used in prestigious buildings, which can be called as
decoration of a building
ing because they improve the building’s beauty as well as carries life
into it.

The main features of this elevators mainly include design, and travel comfort is best. The
interior design of these lifts is attractive with a large glass panel for viewing. Th
The
e ultramodern
design of these lifts offers a cosmic zone travel experience for the passengers. These lifts
are consistent and inexpensive with the least maintenance.
Building Lift

A building lift is a vertical transportation among the floors of the building. These are
frequently used in public buildings, complexes, offices, and multistory building. These lifts
are important in providing vertical movement, mostly in high buildings, for a wheelchair as
well as other non-ambulant building customers. Some type of lifts also is applicable for
emigration & firefighting purposes.

Passenger Lift

This type of lift has entirely included a lift car that moves vertically in a specially equipped lift
shaft. Passengers are traveled between the floors in the building at quick speed. The control
systems in the lift frequently designed to offer the most economical sharing of passengers all
over the building.

These lifts are very space efficient which are used in existing buildings where space is at a
best.The main advantages of using passenger lift give a very comfort traveling among
different floors, particularly space efficient, fully fixed shaft, small construction works, and no
level loadings on the building.
Freight Elevator

In the world of elevators, these lifts are workhorses. These are very useful for transporting
materials, goods in warehouses, manufacturing industries, shopping malls, seaports, etc.
This type of elevator is separated into classes, to describe their load capacity as well as
application.

These lifts are strong in nature, and they are specially manufactured by engineers.The
features of this elevator include: the range of loading capacity is from 2500 lbs to 10000 lbs,
height of the travel up to 50fts.

The benefits of these elevators include; these elevators are designed for commercial as well
as industrial applications. The flexible design to hold the application, door designs can be
changed, eco-friendly, etc.

Residential Elevators

Residential elevators provide stylish options to the platform as well as stair lifts. These lifts
can be effortlessly incorporated in any available home, otherwise incorporated in edifice
plans for latest homes.

These types of elevators are available in different styles, and these can be installed in your
home walls, otherwise included effortlessly to improve your home’s decoration.

The main benefits of residential elevators are; they can move you securely among floors
even during a power failure. Quick installation and offers you an effortless life.