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1) An applied scientific discipline that is concerned with how

humans interact with the equipment they use while
performing tasks and other activities.
ERGONOMICS
QUESTIONS a) Anthropometry
b) Biomechanics
c) Ergonomics
Prepared by:
d) Physiology
PROF. RENE D. ESTEMBER
April 8, 2019
ANSWER: C

3) The two main areas of ergonomics applications are:

2) It is a combination of humans and equipment interacting to
achieve some desired result or function. a) Methods design, work measurement
b) Product design, methods design
a) Automated system c) Product design, work system design
b) Human- machine system d) Work system design, Methods design
c) Manual system
d) Mechanical system
ANSWER: C

ANSWER: B

4) This philosophy is to design the job in such a way that it can 5) The three human components are the human senses, the
be accomplished by nearly any worker, regardless of human brain and the__________.
limitations in his or her mental and physical attributes.
a) Human effectors
a) Cognitive Ergonomics b) Process
b) Design for the Averages c) Physiology
c) Fitting the job to the person d) Muscular system
d) Fitting the person to the job

ANSWER: A
ANSWER: C

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6) There are ____ bones in the normal human body.

7) The three principal types of joints associated with body
movement in the human body are ball-and-socket, pivot
a) 205 joints and ___________ joints.
b) 206
c) 207 a) Tendons
d) 208 b) Ligaments
c) Hinge
d) None of the choice
ANSWER: B

ANSWER: C

9) It is concerned with how the human body functions during

8) The three types of muscles in the human body are cardiac physical exertion and how the physical dimensions of the
muscle, smooth muscle and ___________ muscle. body affect the capabilities of the worker.

a) Skeletal a) Cognitive Ergonomics

b) Respiratory b) Physical Ergonomics
c) Endocrinal c) Physical Work Environment
d) None of the choices d) Occupational Safety and Health

ANSWER: A ANSWER: B

11) It is the difference between the amount of oxygen needed by

10) Refers to a situation in which a person needs to monitor
multiple sources of information in order to perceive the muscles during muscular activity and the amount that is
supplied.
irregularities or opportunities.

a) Divided Attention a) Oxygen surplus

b) Oxygen debt
b) Focused Attention
c) Selective Attention c) Oxygen balance
d) None of the choices
d) Sustained Attention

ANSWER: C
ANSWER: B

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12) The principle components of the machine in the human- 13) It is the stimulation of the senses by external sources which
machine system are the following EXCEPT : is concerned with the detection step in perception.

a) Controls a) Bottom-up processing

b) Displays b) Information Processing
c) Information c) Sensory Processing
d) Process d) Top-down processing

ANSWER: C ANSWER: A

14) It is the information processing activities of perception 15) The capability to discriminate small objects or fine details.
that are based on a human’s knowledge, experience, and
expectations which is concerned with the recognition step a) Visual acuity
in perception. b) Visual angle
c) Visual control
a) Bottom-up processing d) Visual display
b) Information Processing
c) Sensory Processing
d) Top-down processing ANSWER: A

ANSWER: D

16) Characteristic behavior when a person has gained a high 17) Behavior of stress on the back of a worker as the arms
degree of familiarity and proficiency in a task. are outstretched moving away from the body.

a) Decreases
a) Knowledge-based behavior b) Increases
b) Rule-based behavior c) Unchanged
c) Skill-based behavior d) Cannot be determined
d) Virtual-based behavior

ANSWER: B
ANSWER: C

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19) The anthropometric principles imply that clearance

18) Maximum load that can be given to a worker without
dimensions should be designed for the:
violating the NIOSH guideline for unfavorable lifting.
a) small, 5th percentile individual
a) Recommended Weight Limit
b) average, 50th percentile individual
b) Lifting Index
c) large, 95th percentile individual
c) Load Constant
d) All of the choices
d) All of the choices
.

ANSWER: A
ANSWER: C

20) Design consideration for determining unadjustable work 21) Relative estimate of the level of physical stress associated
surface height. with a particular manual lifting task.

a) extreme minimum a) Recommended weight limit (RWL)

b) extreme maximum b) Lifting index (LI)
c) average c) Both a and b
d) none of the choices d) Neither a nor b

ANSWER: B ANSWER: B

23) This is used to determine the range of adjustability for

22) The optimum line of sight is roughly ___ degrees below the adjustable chairs.
horizontal.
a) elbow height
a) 15 b) popliteal height
b) 20 c) sitting height
c) 30 d) shoulder height
d) 45

ANSWER: A ANSWER: B

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24) The initial likely effect of exposure to noise exceeding 25) This is the minimum energy used to sustain the vital
the damage level. circulatory and respiratory system of the body.

a) no effect a) Activity metabolism

b) permanent hearing loss b) Basal metabolism
c) irreversible damage to hearing c) Digestive metabolism
d) temporary hearing loss d) None of the choices

ANSWER: D ANSWER: B

26) The three primary food types that provide energy to

27) An anaerobic metabolism generates __________ which
human body are carbohydrates, proteins and __________.
results to muscle fatigue during a static muscular activity
.
a) Vitamins
a) Enzymes
b) Lipids
b) Folic acid
c) Phosphorous
c) Lactic acid
d) Vegetables
d) None fo the choices

ANSWER: B
ANSWER: C

28) It is a condition when the body temperature falls below its 29) The following are some of the automatic mechanisms that
normal level of approximately 37oC (98.6oF). the body uses to regulate its temperature except:

a) Endothermia a) Shivering to increase heat generation by metabolism

b) Hypothermia b) Sweating to increase heat losses by evaporation
c) Hyperthermia c) Constricting or dilating blood vessels to reduce or increase
d) Ectothermia blood flow
d) Dehydrating to stabilize temperature

ANSWER: B ANSWER: D

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30) It is the rate at which light energy is emitted in all

31) It is the amount of light shining on a surface, measured in
directions from a light source measured in nits of lumens.
lux (lumen per square meter).
a) Luminance
a) Luminance
b) Brightness Contrast
b) Brightness Contrast
c) Illuminance
c) Illuminance
d) Luminous flux
d) Luminous flux

ANSWER: D
ANSWER: C

32) It is the amount of light reflected from a surface, 33) It is the relative luminance between an object and its
measured in candelas per square meter. background.

a) Luminance A) Luminance
b) Brightness Contrast B) Illuminance
c) Illuminance C) Brightness Contrast
d) Luminous flux D) Luminous flux

ANSWER: A ANSWER: C

34) The two factors of primary concern in assessing the effects of 35) It is a hearing loss that is not reversible. When this occurs,
noise on human workers are intensity of the noise and full hearing is never restored.
_____________ of exposure to the noise.
A) Sound-induced permanent threshold shift
A) Duration B) Noise-induced permanent threshold shift
B) Frequency C) Frequency-induced permanent threshold shift
C) Either a or b D) None of the choices
D) None of the choices

ANSWER: B

ANSWER: A

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36) These are directed at managing the exposure durations for 37) These are directed at reducing the noise intensity levels in
employees who work in a noisy environment. the work environment.

A) Administrative controls A) Administrative controls

B) Engineering controls B) Engineering controls
C) Personal protective equipment C) Personal protective equipment
D) None of the choices D) None of the choices

ANSWER: A ANSWER: B

38) Some ways of reducing the noise along the path between 39) The four variables that define climate are air temperature,
the source and the receiver. humidity, air movement, and ____________.

A) Installing enclosures around the source A) Radiation from surrounding objects

B) Installing baffles between the source and the receiver B) Pressure
C) Use of vibration isolators between the source and the floor C) Wind velocity
D) All of the above choices D) None of the choices

ANSWER: D ANSWER: A

40) It is when the body takes in and/or produces more heat than 41) Optimum location of displays
it gives off, thus raising the body temperature above
normal. A) Within normal viewing area of the operator
B) Display area perpendicular to line of sight
A) Cold stress C) Both a and b
B) Heat stress D) Either a or b
C) Temperature
D) Humidity

ANSWER: C
ANSWER: B

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42) For standardization purposes, position of persons used as 43) As the hands are brought nearer to the body, the maximum
basis for anthropometric measurements force that the hands are capable of exerting ___.

A) Standing A) decreases
B) Sitting B) increases
C) Either a or b C) remains the same
D) Neither a nor b D) None of the choices

ANSWER: C ANSWER: A

44) Complaints have been received that the chairs in the waiting area 45) The strength of the muscle depends on:
of a dental clinic are not wide enough. If new chairs were to be
ordered to replace these chairs, the seat width should be based A) the cross-sectional area of the muscle
on: B) the number of fibers in the muscles
C) Both a and b
A) the average of the 50th percentile hip breadth for male and D) Neither a nor b
female
B) the average of the 95th percentile hip breadth for male and female
C) the 95th percentile hip breadth for females ANSWER: C
D) the 99th percentile hip breadth for females

ANSWER: D

46) Coupling multiplier for lifting a box with no handles but 47) Most injuries are the results of accidents caused by _______
where the fingers can be flexed 90 degrees
A) unsafe condition
A) 1.00 B) unsafe act
B) 0.95 C) combination of a and b
C) 0.90 D) any of the choices
D) All of the choices

ANSWER: D

ANSWER: B

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48) What is the increase in dB of a noise that doubles in 49) You are using green ink (reflectance = 0.30) on a yellow note
intensity? pad (reflectance = 0.60). What is the contrast of the writing
task?
A) 1 dB
B) 2 dB A) 0.5
C) 3 dB B) 1.0
D) 4 dB C) 1.5
D) 2.0

ANSWER: C
ANSWER: A

50) What is the combined noise level of two sounds of 86 and 51) What is the WBGT, assuming indoor conditions, with a dry-
96 decibels? bulb temperature of 80oF, a wet-bulb temperature of 70oF
and a globe temperature of 100oF?
A) 91.0 dB
B) 94.6 dB A) 76oF
C) 96.4 dB B) 77oF
D) 106.4 dB C) 78oF
D) 79oF

ANSWER: C ANSWER: D

This problem refers to Questions 52 to 57. Many techniques The corresponding frequency multiplier for 8 hour period is shown
developed for manufacturing industries can also be used for service below:
industries. Consider sanitation workers who collect garbage bags left Frequency (lifts/min) FM Frequency (lifts/min) FM
at the curbside for 8 hours a day. In a typical 2-person team, one 0.2 0.85 2 0.65
worker drives the truck, while the other walks the street, picking up 0.5 0.81 3 0.55
the bags and dumping them into the truck (the lip of which is 50 1 0.75 4 0.45
inches from the ground). Typically the worker lines up the bag, picks
it up by the tied top, twists 90o to lift it above the lip and then drops it 52) The speed of the worker doing the job in ft per minute is:
in. The height of the bag is 18 inches and the horizontal location of A) 1 B) 3 C) 66 D) 264
the load is 16 inches. Assume one garbage bag per household (with a
limit of 20 lbs to protect the workers), a distance of 70 feet between
properties, and a walking speed of 3 mph (1 mile = 5280 feet). ANSWER: D

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The corresponding frequency multiplier for 8 hour period is shown The corresponding frequency multiplier for 8 hour period is shown
below: below:
Frequency (lifts/min) FM Frequency (lifts/min) FM Frequency (lifts/min) FM Frequency (lifts/min) FM
0.2 0.85 2 0.65 0.2 0.85 2 0.65
0.5 0.81 3 0.55 0.5 0.81 3 0.55
1 0.75 4 0.45 1 0.75 4 0.45

53)The frequency multiplier is: 54) The horizontal multiplier is:

A) 0.91 B) 0.856 C) 0.625 D) 0.45
A) 0.75 B) 0.45 C) 0.65 D) 0.81

ANSWER: B ANSWER: C

The corresponding frequency multiplier for 8 hour period is shown The corresponding frequency multiplier for 8 hour period is shown
below: below:
Frequency (lifts/min) FM Frequency (lifts/min) FM Frequency (lifts/min) FM Frequency (lifts/min) FM
0.2 0.85 2 0.65 0.2 0.85 2 0.65
0.5 0.81 3 0.55 0.5 0.81 3 0.55
1 0.75 4 0.45 1 0.75 4 0.45

55) The distance multiplier is: 56) The recommended weight limit (RWL) is:
A) 0.91 B) 0.856 C) 0.625 D) 0.45 A) 3.59 B) 7.95 C) 7.55 D) 7.16

ANSWER: B ANSWER: B

The corresponding frequency multiplier for 8 hour period is shown 58) The value of the horizontal multiplier when the load to be
below: lifted is about 25 cm. in front of the operator.
Frequency (lifts/min) FM Frequency (lifts/min) FM
0.2 0.85 2 0.65 A) 0.75
0.5 0.81 3 0.55 B) 0.80
1 0.75 4 0.45 C) 0.90
D) 1.00
57) The lifting index (LI) is:
A) 2.51 B) 2.65 C) 2.79 D) 5.57
ANSWER: D
ANSWER: A

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60) Per NIOSH, a lifting activity carried out for 30 minutes

59) The computed noise dose in a workplace is 219.455%. What
should be followed by a rest period or light activity of
is the equivalent TWA?
__________ minutes.
A) 91.28 dBA
A) 45
B) 93.37 dBA
B) 40.5
C) 95.67 Dba
C) 36
D) 95.84 dBA
D) 30

ANSWER: C
ANSWER: C

62) A manufacturing operation is to be accomplished using 2

61) A worker is to lift a basket with a circular cross section
machines: X and Y. For a perfect balance, the ratio of
having a diameter of 20 inches . Handles are placed at
machine X to Y in a production line is 2:3. Machines X and Y
opposite ends of the circle’s diameter. Determine the least
produce sound at levels of 75 dBA and 65 dBA, respectively.
possible H for this lifting activity.
How much noise is produced by a well-balanced line?
A) 10 inches
A) 70.0 dBA
B) 18 inches
B) 76.8 dBA
C) 20 inches
C) 78.6 dBA
D) None of the choices
D) None of the choices

ANSWER: C
ANSWER: B

63) What is the contrast created by black text (reflectance = 10%) 64) Each sewing machine produces noise of 70 dBA. What is the
on light green paper (reflectance = 52%)? maximum number of such machines that can be put together
in a room for the combined noise level to be tolerable for 8
A) 0.90 hours?
B) 0.84
C) 0.81 A) 100 machines
D) 0.91 B) 50 machines
C) 10 machines
D) Cannot be determined
ANSWER: C
ANSWER: A

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65) Ms. Y is using green ink (R=0.30) to write on a yellow

colored stationary (R=0.60). Light is provided by a 180
candela source positioned 1 yard above her writing table.
What is the illumination on her stationery?

A) 180 fc
B) 100 fc
C) 60 fc
D) 20 fc

ANSWER: D

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