District Cooling

-Experience and Opportunities

in case of Absorption Chiller
Advancing Ozone & Climate Protection Technologies: Next Steps
Second International Technology Conference
29 June 2013
Bangkok, Thailand

Hajime Yabase

R&D Dep. ,Kawasaki Thermal Engineering

Co.,Ltd. , Shiga, Japan
 Contents

1.Introduction of Absorption Chillers

2. Triple Effect Absorption Chiller

3. Solar Cooling Application

1. Introduction of Absorption Chillers

What’s absorption chillers? Cooling tower

・Application
–As air conditioning systems
–As process chilling systems for plant
•Common condition
–Cooling：Chilled water output 7℃ Cooling
Cooling water input 32℃ water
–Heating：Heated water output 60℃
Absorption Chiller
//Chilled water and hot water

☆Special Feature
Cooling and Heating
=

by the Same Unit

Centrifugal Chiller
+ AHU Chilled Absorption
Boiler water Chiller
//only Chilled water
//only Hot water
1. Introduction of Absorption Chillers
Principle of Electric Chillers and Absorption Chillers
ELECTRIC ABSORPTION

Freon Water (H2O)

Generator
Condenser Condenser

Compressor
Q01 37℃
℃ Q01 37℃
℃ Q01
Cooling
Water
32℃
℃ Electric Qi1
1000kPa Motor 8kPa
Qi1
High Pressure
290 kPa Vacuum 0.87 kPa Gas or Oil or
Steam etc…
Qi2 7℃
℃
Qi2 7℃
℃
Chilled 12℃
℃
Cooling
Water Chilled 12℃
℃ Water 32℃
℃
Evaporator Water
Evaporator
Absorber
Solution Pump
(LiBr)
Qi2 Cooling Capacity
COP = Q = Heat Input
i1
 1. Introduction of Absorption Chillers

Various Energy Sources can be utilized

Natural heat

Solar ,Geo-thermal Exhaust

Fossil fuel Hot
Steam heat
Water

Waste Hot Water

Exhaust Gas
Direct fire
Gas Gas Engine
Steam

Absorption Chiller
Exhaust Gas
Oil
Gas Turbine
Chilled Water
1. Introduction of Absorption Chillers

with Gas Engine

Gas Engine

Gene--Link
Gene
 1. Introduction of Absorption Chillers
Continuous Efforts for Higher COP in Japan
COP(Coefficient of Performance) = Cooling Capacity ／LHV Heat Input

S.A.C.=Steam Absorption Chiller

D.F.C.=Direct Fired Chiller
2 Triple Effect

1.8 2005

1.6 Double Effect 2000

COP

1.4
1992
1983
1.2
1976 Popular in the world
1
1968
★
0.8

0.6
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
year
1. Introduction of Absorption Chillers
Lineup of absorption chillers (1)

Triple Effect
Direct Fired
COP=1.73 160~340RT
Direct Fired

1.2 Series 80~700RT

Double Effect 80~700RT
1.3 Series
Direct Fired
1.4 Series 80~700RT
Steam

3.9 Series 80~700RT

Double Effect
Steam Fired
3.7 Series 600~2600RT

COP is based on LHV Heat Input

1. Introduction of Absorption Chillers
Lineup of absorption chillers (2)

Hot Water
Single Effect 40~240RT
Driven

Double Effect Steam Fired 80~700RT

Gene-Link COP=1.2 80~70RT

Double Effect
Hot Water + Gas COP=1.4 80~630RT

Gene-Link
Triple Effect
COP=1.73 145~310RT
Hot Water + Gas

COP is based on LHV Heat Input

 2. Triple Effect Absorption Chiller
Single, Double, Triple Effect Absorption Chiller
1. High Temp. Generator
Achievement of higher efficiency 1 （over atmospheric
pressure ）
with multi-stage of generator
(by higher temp. & press. of HTG) 2. Middle Temp. Generator
（under atmospheric
）
pressure）

1
3. Low Temp. Generator
（under atmospheric pressure）
） Fuel
to Condenser ← ← 1
1 Heat
Weak Solution

from Absorber Strong Solution

to Condenser ←

to Absorber
 2. Triple Effect Absorption Chiller
Operation Cycle for Triple Effect Absorption Chiller

Once-through
Once-
Body of Double Effect SAC Boiler typed HTG

Diagram of Reverse Cycle

Pressure
HTG
Atmospheric
pressure

MTG

Vacuum LTG Ｐ

Absorber Ｐ

Concentration of Solution
2. Triple Effect Absorption Chiller

Characteristic of Partial Load (in cooling mode)

2.0

Triple Effect
1.8

Double Effect(High efficient)

(LHV)

1.6
C OP
COP

1.4
Double Effect(Basic Type)

1.2

1.0
0 20 40 60 80 100
L oad R ate（％）
Load Rate (%)
3. Solar Cooling Application

The efficiency of Solar Thermal is better than that of

Photovoltaic.
Efficiency of Solar Energy

Solar Thermal : 40%

Photovoltaic : 10% < (in case of utilizing Hot Water)

From HP of NEDO
http://app2.infoc.nedo.go.jp/kaisetsu/neg/neg02/index.html#elmtop
3. Solar Cooling Application
Conventional System Cooling tower From NEDO/HP

Collector

Cool wind
Storage tank

Back--up Boiler
Back

Absorption chiller Chilled water

1. Complicated system with a boiler for the back-up of hot

water supply
2. Complicated control system to adjust hot water supply in
accordance with the fluctuation of load and solar heat
14 3. Low efficiency of absorption chiller(single effect)
3. Solar Cooling Application

Absorption Chiller(Combined)
Single & Double Effect

1. Absorption chiller has a back-up system and no boiler

2. Absorption chiller is automatically moved to combustion for the stable
3. supply of chilled water
15 High efficiency of absorption chiller (Double Effect)
3. Solar Cooling Application

Reduction of fuel consumption Lowest temperature of solar hot

Fuel gas reduction rate: 32% water supplied to the chiller:
(at the rated point): 75 degC
Can be operated by 55% load with
only solar hot water Solar
Collector
Solar Absorption
Chiller-Heater

With Hot Water Fuel gas

reduction rate: Supply Hot
Without Hot Water:
Water 32% Min. 75 degC

Supply Hot
Water:60degC for
Heating

55
55%
% (Backup)
Fuel Gas
Fuel Gas Consumption

Heat
Exchanger
HEATING COOLING

Can be operated with

only solar hot water

Cooling Load
3. Solar Cooling Application

Solar Cooling System

Solar Heat Collector

(evacuated tube type)

Air conditioning for this office

Solar Chiller
 Thank you

Hajime Yabase
Deputy General Manager, Engineering Office
Kawasaki Thermal Engineering
1000, Aoji-
Aoji-cho, Kusatsu-
Kusatsu-city, Shiga #525-
#525-
8558 Japan
TEL +81-
+81-77-
77-563-
563-1111 FAX +81-
+81-77-
77-564-
564-4353 E-
E-
mail: yabase_h-
yabase_h-kte@corp.khi.co.jp