University of Dhaka

First Year B.S. (Honors) 2018-19

Subject: Mathematics
Course: MTH 150 (Math Lab I)
Exercise Sheet (Geometry)

Key Commands: List, ListPlot, ListLinePlot, Input, If, Print, Show, Plot, ContourPlot, Show,
PlotStyle, For/Do/While, Solve, N, Graphics, Disk, PlotJoined.

1. (a) Find the Polar co-ordinates of the points whose Cartesian co-ordinates are
(−√3, 1) and (12,5).
𝜋
(b)Find the Cartesian co-ordinates of the points whose Polar co-ordinates are (2, 4 )
𝜋
and (√ 3, ).
3
(c) Transform the equation 9𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 = 36 into polar co-ordinates system and
verify graphically.
(d) Determine the equation of the curve 2𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 0 when the origin is
transformed to the point (1, −2).
2. Consider the points 𝐴(−1,1), 𝐵(1,1) and 𝐶(0,2).

(a) Draw the points A, B and C in the same set of axes and joined the points in such a
way that they will form a triangle. Store the result in a variable.

(b) Use the transformation 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦) = (𝑥 + 1.5, 𝑦 + 1.5) for each of the vertex of the
triangle. Then repeat the process given in (a).

(c) Show the results of (a) and (b) in same set of axes.

(d) Show the result of (a) and it’s vertical and horizontal reflection in same set of
axes.

(e) Rotate the triangle shown in (a) by 90 degree and then draw them in same set of
axes.

3. Suppose 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 are the three points of the form (𝑥, 𝑦).

(i) Input 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 in such a way that they form a triangle and sketch it.

(ii) Fill the triangle by using red color.

 (iii) Use the transformation 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦) = (𝑥 + 3, 𝑦 + 3) for each of the vertex of the
triangle.

(iv) Then repeat the process given in (i) and fill this triangle by using green color.

(v) Show the results of (ii) and (iv) in the same set of axes.

(vi) Test whether 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 can form an isosceles triangle.

(vii) Consider a circle such that it will be an inscribed circle in the triangle obtained
in (i). Draw the circle and the result of (ii) in the same set of axes.

4. Consider the points 𝐴(−1, −1), 𝐵 (1, −1), 𝐶(1, 1) and 𝐷(−1, 1)

(a) Draw the points 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 and D in the same set of axes and joined the points in such
a way that they form a rectangle. Store the result in a different variable. Make sure
that all the vertices are in different colors.

(b) Use the transformation 𝑇 (𝑥, 𝑦) = (𝑥 − 3, 𝑦 − 3) for each of the vertices of the
rectangle. Then repeat the process given in (a).

(c) Show the results of (a) and (b) in the same set of axes.

5. Consider the points 𝐴 (−1,1), 𝐵 (1,1) and 𝐶 (0,2).

(a) Draw the points A, B and C in the same set of axes and joined the points in such a
way that they will form a triangle. Store the result in a variable.
(b) Use the transformation 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦) = (𝑥 + 3, 𝑦 + 3) for each of the vertex of the
triangle. Then repeat the process given in (a).
(c) Show the results of (a) and (b) in same set of axes.

Key Commands: List, ListPlot, ListLinePlot, PlotJoined, Show

6. Suppose A, B, C are three points of the form (𝑥, 𝑦).
(a) Input A, B, C in such a way that they form a triangle and then sketch it.
(b) Test whether A, B, C can form an equilateral or isosceles triangle.
(c) Explain the result of (b).
Key Commands: Input, If, ListPlot, ListLinePlot
7. 𝑥2 𝑦2
Consider an equation
𝑎 2 + 𝑏2
=1

(i) Enter the integer values of a and b using Input command.

[𝑎 = 𝑏, 𝑎 > 𝑏, 𝑎 < 𝑏]
(ii) Print all the points with integer coordinates on and inside the above region.
 (iii) Sketch the graph of the above equation and all the points in one set of axes
using different colors.

Key Commands: 𝒇[𝒙− , 𝒚_], Input, Print, If, ListPlot, ContourPlot

8. Consider the equation of the Ellipse

𝑥 2 𝑦2
+ = 1, 𝑎 ≠ 𝑏
𝑎2 𝑏 2
(i) Input 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 using Input command.

(ii) Sketch the ellipse.

(iii) Find the Foci and Vertices and draw them with the ellipse in another
coordinate axes.

Key commands: Input, 𝒇[𝒙_ , 𝒚_], ContourPlot, Solve

9. Do the following by using Mathematica command directly:

(a) Construct a rectangle having points (0, 0) and (10,6) as opposite ends of a
diagonal in green color

(b) Construct a disk with center at (4.5, 3) and radius 1.5 in red color

(c) Obtain lines connecting points (0, 0), (2, -1), (-1, -2) and (-2, 1)

(d) Construct a polygon having points (-2,0), (2,0), (2,2), (3,2), (0,5), (-3,2) and (-
2,2) as vertices.

Key Commands: ListPlot, ListLinePlot, PlotStyle, Disk.

10. ( 𝑥−1) 2 ( 𝑦+2) 2

Consider an equation + = 1.
52 32

(11) Sketch and identify the graph of the above equation.

(ii) Print all the integer points on and inside the graph.
(iii) Show the results of (i) and (ii) on the same set of axis using different styles.
(iv) Find centre and length of principle axes.
(v) Find the foci and vertices.

11. Consider an equation of a circle, 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑐 2 and the region−𝑐 ≤ 𝑥, 𝑦 ≤ 𝑐.

(i) Enter the integer value of c using Input command.

 (ii) Find the total number of integer points on, in and outside the circle.

(iii) Print all the points on, in and outside the circle.

(iv) Sketch the circle and all the points in one set of axes.

12. Consider the equation of an Ellipse

𝑥 2 𝑦2
+ =1
4 16
(i) Sketch the Ellipse.

(ii) Find the foci and vertices of the Ellipse. Finally, locate them (in red color) with
the ellipse in another coordinate axes.

(iii) Find the points with integer coordinates which are inside the ellipse.

(iv) Plot those points inside the given ellipse. Also count the number of those points.

13. Consider an equation 9(𝑥 + 1)2 + 16(𝑦 − 2)2 = 144.

(i) Sketch and identify the graph of the above equation.

(ii) Print all the integer points on and inside the graph.

(iii) Show the results of (i) and (ii) in the same set of axes with different styles.

14. (a) Transform the equation 4 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 36 into polar co-ordinates system and
verify your result graphically by sketching the both graph.

(b) Draw our national flag by using suitable Mathematica commands.

(c) Find the equation of the plane through three points (1,2, −1), (2, 3, 1) and
(3, −1, 2).

(d) Find the acute angle of intersection between the planes obtained in (c) and

6𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 32 = 4. Hence sketch both the planes on the same diagram.

15. (a)Transform the equation 9𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 − 18𝑥 + 24𝑦 + 9 = 0 into polar co-

ordinates system and verify your result graphically by sketching the both graphs.

(b) Draw the alphabet "A” by using suitable Mathematica commands.

16. (a) Find the equation of the plane through three points (1,1, −1), (−2,2, −2) and
(−1, −1,2). Hence sketch it.
(b) Find the distance between the plane in (a) and the point (1,5,2).
 (c) Find the acute angle between the plane in (a) and 2𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 7𝑧 + 12 = 0.
(d) Find the parametric equation of the straight line passes through (1, −5,7) and the
parallel vector < 4,1, −2 > and sketch it.
17. Consider a second degree equation:
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) ≡ 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 + 2𝑔𝑥 + 2𝑓𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0
(a) Input 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = 1, 𝑐 = − 3, 𝑔 = − 2 and 𝑓 = − 1 and then find the values of "𝑎"
so that 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 0 represents a pair of straight line.
(b) Determine the equation of these two lines. Then find their point of intersection
and angle between the lines.
(c) Draw the function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 0 directly.

Key commands: Input, NSolve, Solve, ContourPlot

18. Consider the following equations

(i) 9𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑦 2 − 27𝑥 + 18𝑦 = 0

(ii) 12𝑥 2 + 7𝑥𝑦 − 12𝑦 2 = 0
(iii) 12𝑥 2 + 7𝑥𝑦 − 12𝑦 2 − 𝑥 + 7𝑦 − 1 = 0
(a) Determine whether equation (i) represent a pair of straight lines or not. If so,
separate the lines, find the point of intersection and angle between the lines, and
draw the lines directly.

(b) Show that equations (ii) and (iii) represent two pairs of straight lines and hence
plot them in the same diagram.

(c) Find 𝜆 so that 𝜆𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 3 = 0represents a pair of straight

lines.

19. (a) Sketch the graphs of the given curves by transforming their standard forms. Also
identify these standard-forms:

(𝑖 ) 7𝑥2 − 6√3𝑥𝑦 + 13𝑦 2 − 16 = 0

(𝑖𝑖 ) 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑦 2 + 5 √5𝑦 + 1 = 0

(b) Show that the equations 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 3 = 0 and 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑦 2 + 5𝑥 + 10𝑦 + 4 = 0

represent straight lines forming a parallelogram. Find the lengths of the diagonals and
area of that parallelogram. Represent the problem graphically.

(c) Consider a general second degree equation

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) ≡ 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 + 2𝑔𝑥 + 2𝑓𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0

 3 1
(i) Input 𝑎 = 1, ℎ = 0, 𝑓 = − 2 , 𝑔 = 2 , 𝑐 = −2 and then find the values of "𝑏" so that
𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦 ) = 0 represents a pair of straight line.

(ii) Determine the two straight lines. Also find the point of intersection and angle
between them.

(iii) Plot the two straight lines along with their point of intersection in the same set of
axes.

(iv) Draw the equation 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 0 directly.

20. Consider a second degree equation:

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) ≡ 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 + 2𝑔𝑥 + 2𝑓𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0

(a) Input the values of 𝑎, ℎ, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑔 and 𝑓 and then test whether the second degree
equation represents a pair of straight line or not.

(b) If the equation in (a) represents a pair of straight line, then determine the
equation of these two lines.

(c) Then find their point of intersection and angle between the lines.

(d) Draw the function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 0 directly.

(e) Draw the two straight lines in same set of axes using different styles.

(f) Input ℎ = 2, 𝑏 = 1, 𝑐 = − 3, 𝑔 = − 2 and 𝑓 = − 1 and then find the values of "𝑎"

so that 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 0 represents a pair of straight line

21. (a) Consider a general second degree equation

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) ≡ 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 + 2𝑔𝑥 + 2𝑓𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0

(i) Input ℎ = 2, 𝑏 = 1, 𝑐 = −3, 𝑔 = −2 and 𝑓 = −1 and then find the values of “𝑎” so
that 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 0 represents a pair of straight line.

(ii) Determine the equation of these two lines. Then find their point of intersection
and angle between the lines.

(iii) Draw the equation 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 0 directly.

(b) Show that 25𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 25𝑦 2 − 130𝑥 − 130𝑦 + 169 = 0 represents an ellipse
referred to rectangular Cartesian coordinates (𝑥, 𝑦). Find the centre and the lengths
of the principal axes and also the directions of the axes.
22. Consider a second degree equation

9𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 − 14𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 12 = 0

(i) Determine foci and vertices of the conic.

(ii) Draw the equation directly.

23. (i) Determine whether the second degree equation

10𝑥 2 − 13𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑦 2 + 13𝑥 − 14𝑦 − 30 = 0

represents a pair of straight lines or not.

(ii)If the equation (i) represents a pair of straight lines, separate them, find the point
of intersections and angle between the lines and draw them.

(iii) Find the area of the triangle formed by these lines and the x -axis. And then draw
the above triangle and fill the triangle using red color.

24. Consider a second degree equation

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑔𝑥 + 2𝑓𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0

(i) Find the values of 𝑓, 𝑔, and 𝑐 if the above equation passes through the points
𝐴(1,4), 𝐵(2,7) and 𝐶 (4, 11)

(ii) Draw the equation and the points 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 in the same set of axes.

(iii) Print all the integer points on and inside the above region. Show the results of
(ii) and (iii) in one set of axes using different colors and styles.

25. Reduce the Conic 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑦 + 9𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 1 = 0 to its standard form and find
the equation of the axis, latus rectum and directrix of the conic. Thus sketch the conic
with all of its properties.

26. Find 𝑤 for which 𝑤𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 3 = 0 represents a pair of straight

line. Hence plot them on the same diagram.

27. Consider a second degree equation

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) ≡ 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 + 2𝑔𝑥 + 2𝑓𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0

(a) Input the values of 𝑎, ℎ, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑔 and 𝑓 and then test whether the second degree
equation represents a pair of straight line or not.
 (b) Find 𝑘 so that 𝑞(𝑥 ) ≡ 𝑘𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑦 − 7𝑦 2 = 0 represents a pair of straight lines.
Modify 𝑞(𝑥) with the value of 𝑘 you just found.

(c) Separate the lines 𝑞(𝑥) and plot them in the same diagram using different styles.

(d) Find the point of intersection and angle between the lines.

(e) Determine the equation of the curve 𝑞(𝑥) when the origin is transformed to the
point (1, −2).

(f) Plot the transformed curve and the original curve using different styles in the
same set of axes.

28. Coast Guard station A is 20 miles directly east of another station B. A ship is sailing
on a line parallel to and 8 miles north of the line through A and B. Radio signals are
sent out from A and B at the rate of 128 feet/microsecond. Assume that at 9 am, the
signal from B reaches the ship 495 microsecond after the signal from A. Also,
assume that the ship will lie on the path of the hyperbola. If the equation of
hyperbola and equation of Asymptotes are written in the following form:
𝑓
𝑦 = ± √(𝑥 2 − 𝑔2 ) … … (𝐼)
𝑔
𝑓
𝑦 = ± 𝑥 … … (𝐼𝐼)
𝑔
and P is the position of the ship then
(i) Calculate the distance = 𝑑1 − 𝑑2 where 𝑑1 and 𝑑2 are the distances of PB and
PA respectively.
(ii) Calculate the values of 𝑔 and 𝑓 where 𝑔 and 𝑓 are defined as
4𝑔2 = (𝑑1 − 𝑑2)2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓 2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑔2
where 𝑐 is the distance from the origin to either focus.
(iii) Find the location of the ship, 𝑃(8, 𝑦).
(iv) Calculate the eccentricity, 𝑒.
(v) Draw the graph of equation (I) in same set of axes and store the result.
(vi) Draw the graph of equation (II) in same set of axes and store the result.
(vii) Plot the vertices
𝐶(0, 𝑓), 𝐷(−𝑔, 0), 𝐸(0, −𝑓), 𝐹(𝑔, 0), 𝐴(𝑐, 0), 𝐵(−𝑐, 0) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃(8, 𝑦) in same set of axes
and store the result.
(viii) Joined the points C, D, E and F and store the result.
(ix) Show the results of (v), (vi), (vii) and (viii) in the same set of axes using
different styles.
Key Commands: Input, If, ListPlot, ListLinePlot, NSolve,
29. Consider the circles 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4 and 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 16. Sketch the graphs of the circles
and all the points with integer coordinates in the annular region with heavy dots in
the same set of axes.
30. (a) Show that the curve x 2  y 2  4 x  8 y  21  0 is a hyperbola. Sketch the hyperbola
and show the foci, vertices and asymptotes in the figure. Also find the eccentricity.

(b) Show that the curve 16 x 2  9 y 2  64 x  54 y  1  0 is an ellipse. Sketch the ellipse

and locate the foci and eccentricity in the figure with heavy dots.

31. (i) Input the value of 𝑝.

(ii) Find the focus, vertices and directrix of the parabola 𝑦 2 = 4𝑝𝑥.
(iii) Sketch the parabola, focus and vertices in same set of axes.
(iv) Input the values of 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 where 𝑎 ≠ 𝑏.
(v) Find the focus, vertices and directrix of the ellipse 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑦 2 = 𝑐 2 ; 𝑎 ≠ 𝑏.
(vi) Sketch the ellipse, foci and vertices in same set of axes.
32. Reduce 32𝑥 2 + 52𝑥𝑦 − 7𝑦 2 − 64𝑥 − 52𝑦 − 148 = 0 to its standard form. Also find
the center.

33. Show that the curve 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 21 = 0 is a hyperbola. Sketch the

hyperbola and show the foci, vertices and asymptotes in the figure. Also find the
eccentricity.

34. Determine the equation of the curve 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 7 = 0 when the origin is

transformed to the point (1, −2) and verify your result by sketching the both graphs
with their origin in the same diagram with different colors and styles.

35. Suppose the axes of a 𝑥𝑦 - coordinates system are rotated through an angle of 𝜃 =
45° to obtain a 𝑋 𝑌 − coordinates system Find the equation the curve

𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 + 4√2𝑥 − 4√2𝑦 = 0

in 𝑋𝑌 − plane. Also plot the original curve and the transformed curve on the same
diagram with different styles.

36. Find the equation to the plane through the intersection of the planes 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 +
4 = 0 and 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 − 7 = 0 and passes through the point (1, −1, 1).

37. Find the equation of the curve 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 2 after rotating the axes through
60° . Sketch 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) and the transformed graph in the same diagram.

38. (a) Sketch the following graphs in 3D and observe the relation between 2D and 3D
graphs.
(i) 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑦 − 𝑥 2
𝑥2 𝑦2
(ii) 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 32 + 42 − 1
(iii) 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑦 − 2𝑥
(iv) 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 3
(v) 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑦, [−𝜋, 4𝜋]
 2
(b) Find the intersecting curve/points of the paraboloid 𝑧 = 𝑒 −𝑥 (𝑦 2 + 1) with the
plane 12𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1. Hence verify graphically.
(c) Construct the surface of revolution obtained by rotating the curve 𝑧 = sin 𝑦 , 0 ≤
𝑦 ≤ 2𝜋, about (i) the 𝑧 − axis,and (ii) the 𝑥 −axis.
39. Sketch the intersection on the paraboloid 𝑧 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 with the plane 12𝑦 + 𝑧 =
1.

Obtain two different views.

40. Find the parametric equation of the straight lines passes through ( 1, 5,7) and the
parallel vector < 4,1, − 2 > and sketch it.