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RAP-SR-2-2 - Star - Rating - Coding - Manual-Right - EN PDF
RAP-SR-2-2 - Star - Rating - Coding - Manual-Right - EN PDF
Coding Manual
Drive on the right edition - August 2014
Document description
Setting the standards for the road coding process
RAP-SR-2.2
PRINT WARNING – printed copies of this document or parts thereof should not
be relied upon as a current reference document.
Always refer to the electronic copy for the latest version at:
http://downloads.irap.org/docs/RAP-SR-2-2_Star_Rating_coding_manual.pdf
About iRAP
The International Road Assessment Programme (iRAP) is a registered charity dedicated to saving lives
through safer roads.
We provide tools and training to help countries make roads safe. Our activities include:
inspecting high-risk roads and developing Star Ratings and Safer Roads Investment Plans
providing training, technology and support that will build and sustain national, regional and local
capability
tracking road safety performance so that funding agencies can assess the benefits of their
investments.
The programme is the umbrella organisation for EuroRAP, AusRAP, usRAP, KiwiRAP and ChinaRAP. Road
Assessment Programmes (RAP) are now active in more than 70 countries throughout Europe, Asia Pacific,
North, Central and South America and Africa.
iRAP is financially supported by the FIA Foundation for the Automobile and Society and the Road Safety
Fund. Projects receive support from the Global Road Safety Facility, automobile associations, regional
development banks and donors.
National governments, automobile clubs and associations, charities, the motor industry and institutions such
as the European Commission also support RAPs in the developed world and encourage the transfer of
research and technology to iRAP. In addition, many individuals donate their time and expertise to support
iRAP.
iRAP technology including protocols, processes and brands may not be altered or used in any way without the express written
agreement of iRAP.
iRAP is a charity registered in England & Wales under charity number 1140357.
Registered Office: 60 Trafalgar Square, London, WC2N 5DS.
May Added new pedestrian crossing categories and School Zone attributes.
2
2013
June Attribute and category names updated and other minor amendments.
3
2014
August Added descriptions for intersecting road volumes and minor changes to descriptions
2014
4 for roadside severity – object.
In low and middle income countries, road crashes represent a major health concern. More than 85% of the
global death toll and serious injuries occur in developing countries. Whereas road deaths are expected to
fall in high-income countries, they are likely to increase by more than 80 per cent in the rest of the world. 1
The International Road Assessment Programme (iRAP - www.irap.org) has drawn upon the extensive
knowledge base of the developed world’s Road Assessment Programmes (EuroRAP, AusRAP and usRAP),
with the generous support of the FIA Foundation, to develop a road survey methodology for low and middle
income countries. This Star Rating methodology does not require detailed crash data and works directly from
road surveys.
Star Ratings are also particularly useful in order to objectively quantify the level of risk associated with new
road designs (where crash data is not present) enabling evidence based decisions and also for use in high-
performing countries where the relatively low frequency of crashes limits the ability of crash analysis to
influence performance monitoring and investment prioritisation. Further information on iRAP Star Rating
methodology and access to training courses can be found on RAPcapacity 2.
1 World Health Organisation, Global Status Report on Road Safety. Time for Action, 2009
2 RAPcapacity: http://capacity.irap.org
iRAP Star Rating and Investment Plan Coding Manual | 6
2 Undivided vs. Divided Carriageways
For the iRAP V3 protocol divided carriageways and undivided carriageways are coded differently. This is
because divided carriageways are surveyed in both directions, but undivided carriageways are recorded in
one direction. Divided carriageways are those with a physical separation of the opposing traffic flows –
divided either by a barrier or a physical median width.
On an undivided road (see Figure 1):
The median is the road feature that separates the opposing vehicle flows, in this example the
median type is centre line road marking.
The right side is used to record the distance to the nearest object to the right, measured from the
right edge of the carriageway to the object.
The left side is used to record the distance to the nearest object to the left, measured from the left
edge of the carriageway to the object.
3 RAP-SR-2.4: http://downloads.irap.org/docs/RAP-SR-2-4_QA_Guide.pdf
iRAP Star Rating and Investment Plan Coding Manual | 8
4 Coding Attributes
All of the attributes covered within this section are mandatory for iRAP Star Rating V3 calculations.
Where two coding options are present within a 100m segment the item that appears first in the list of options
for the attribute should be recorded.
4.6 Section
A section name/number is used in the data to differentiate between sections of road. The section name
should be created to distinguish the section of road from other sections of the same road, or a road
authority’s own road section system should be used.
For example, section names should describe a ‘from and to’ location (Petersfield to Williamsburg), it should
be noted that the sections should be relevant to direction in which the inspection was carried out.
Alternatively, if the road authority has divided their network up into management or maintenance sections it
may be beneficial to use these for the section numbers.
4.8 Length
The segment length will contain the length in kilometres that the coding applies to, this should be 0.1km. The
segment length is used in the score calculation stage to help with smoothing. This data will be provided by
the inspection system.
4.10 Landmark
For the purpose of iRAP reporting it is beneficial to record key landmarks where they occur. This will allow
locations on the road to be referenced relative to the landmarks.
Landmarks can be any of the following or other items of interest:
Town / village name
Major intersection number
Major bridge
Toll booth
Reference point
Notes:
Landmarks can either be entered during the collection of the attribute data or can be added from
maps at a later stage.
4.11 Comments
For the purpose of iRAP reporting it is important to record key comments to highlight particular road safety
issues or special features encountered during the coding process. Comments may include issues not fully
covered by the coding itself or additional location information.
Notes:
Include any supporting information or notes on assumptions made during the coding of the section for
example:
High proportion of trucks
Near school so pedestrian demand assumed as high
Poles assumed as frangible
Bus stop present so pedestrian crossing demand is high
Coding options
High
High – example 2
Low
• No fringe development
1 pedestrian along left 1 pedestrian observed walking along the left side of
side the road per 100m
Educational
Residential
Undeveloped areas
Coding options
Same as Land use - right.
Isolated small settlements (e.g., extending for 100m to 200m along route) will be recorded as “rural” for area
type, but will be identified as local land use changes within this general environment.
Coding options
Coding options
Coding options
Present
Not Present
Centre line
Delineation = poor
• Ladder hatching
• Stripes
• Coloured paving
Flexipost
Divided road with safety barrier to international standards constructed from concrete.
Divided road with safety barrier to international standards constructed from metal.
Divided road with safety barrier to international standard that will also minimize impact to motorcyclists.
Motorcycle friendly barriers will have some form of protection for the supporting post or legs.
If the barrier is obviously defective, code as though there is no barrier present.
Divided road with safety barrier to international standard constructed from tensioned wires.
If the barrier is obviously defective, code as though there is no barrier present.
One way
One way streets only. Vehicles travel in a single direction with no opposing flow.
Coding options
Not Present
Present
0 to <1m
1 to <5m
>= 10m
Cliff
Examples are:
Aggressive ends to safety barriers for example: ramped ends, unprotected ends, sharp ends, fish-tail
terminals. This category should also be used to record damaged sections of safety barrier.
Examples are:
Grass banks
Rule of thumb
Only record a ditch if most of the vehicle would drop into the
ditch.
Downwards slope
Rule of thumb
Examples are:
Culvert headwalls
Examples include:
Communications cabinets
Examples are:
Grass banks
No object
Notes:
For divided highways, use the left side severity for the assessment of severe objects in the median.
For a divided carriageway if there is an object in the median it should be recorded in roadside severity – left,
with the distance being recorded from the left edge of the carriageway in the direction of travel to the object.
For an undivided carriageway the left roadside is recorded.
When a roadside object is in front of a safety barrier the distance to the hazardous object is recorded.
For a divided carriageway if a safety barrier is the closest item it should be recorded.
For a divided carriageway if there is no object in the median:
Roadside severity – left object should be recorded as None
Roadside severity – left distance should be recorded as >10m
Coding options
Same codes as Roadside severity – right distance & Roadside severity – right object.
Notes:
Centreline rumble strips should not be recorded here.
Shoulder rumble strips will only be found on paved shoulders.
Rumble strips may be constructed by cutting grooves into the pavement surface or by adding raised ribs to
the road marking.
Coding options
Not Present
Present
None
Rule of thumb – A narrow paved shoulder shall be recorded wherever an edge marking is present
even if the edge line is very close to the pavement edge.
Wide (≥ 2.4m)
None
Rule of thumb – A narrow paved shoulder shall be recorded wherever an edge marking is present
even if the edge line is very close to the pavement edge.
Wide (≥ 2.4m)
Mini roundabout
Merge Lane
No intersection present.
Not present
Present
No intersection present.
≥15,000 vehicles
None
No intersection present
Poor
Adequate
No intersection present.
Commercial Access 1+
Residential Access 3+
None
Four or more
Three
Undivided carriageway with three lanes in one direction and two in the other direction.
Two
Undivided carriageway with two lanes in one direction and one in the other direction.
Very sharp
The road contains curves which can only be driven at less than
40km/h. Approximate radius of curve <200m.
Moderate
The road has fairly tight curves which can be driven at less
than 100km/h but more than 70km/h. Approximate radius of
curve 500 to 900m.
Poor
Adequate
≥10%
A rise of more than 10m over a 100m length, or an angle of over 5.75 degrees
≥7.5 to <10%
A rise of 7.5m to 10m over a 100m length, or an angle of 4.3 to 5.75 degrees
Poor
Good
The attribute recorded should reflect the general condition of the road over the 100m length.
Coding options
Unsealed - poor
For example:
Unsealed - adequate
For example:
For example:
Sealed - medium
For example:
Sealed - adequate
Poor
Coding options
Not Present
Present
Refuge only
Poor
Adequate
Refuge only
No facility
Not present
Present
Not present
Present
For example:
Speed table
Speed hump
Two sides
Parking on both sides of the road spill out onto the road.
One side
Parking on one side of the road spill out onto the road.
None
Sidewalk separated from roadway by no more than 1m, including paved shoulder and no barrier
provided.
Sidewalk separated from roadway by between 1m and 3m, and no barrier provided.
Sidewalk separated from road by a physical barrier sufficient to restrain a vehicle from entering the
pedestrian facility at the posted speed limit.
Observation or evidence of pedestrian flow along the road using an informal path separated from
roadway by less than 1m.
Observation or evidence of pedestrian flow along the road using an informal path separated from
roadway by more than 1m.
Coding options
Same as Sidewalk provision – right.
Not present
Present
None
None
Off-road path
Standard road layout that has been identified by signing as preferred bike route.
Coding options
Minor road works are when all the attributes can be coded
accurately even though there are road works. Road works and
temporary traffic management may affect the speed of passing
traffic.
Coding options
Poor
Rule of thumb: sight distance along the road is less than 100m.
Adequate
4 Sight distance requirements are typically defined in local design standards and relate to the speed at the
location and the specific sight distance requirements (e.g. stopping, overtaking and intersection related). For
all design applications local standards should be adhered to.
iRAP Star Rating and Investment Plan Coding Manual | 120
5 Post-coding Attributes
5.2 Motorcycle %
Motorcycle percent records the percentage of the total vehicle flow that can be classed as a motorised two
wheel vehicle or light three wheel vehicle. This includes mopeds, scooters and auto-rickshaws.
Categories
5 51 to 100 51 to 100 pedestrians cross the road on average within a peak hour
6 101 to 200 101 to 200 pedestrians cross the road on average within a peak hour
7 201 to 300 201 to 300 pedestrians cross the road on average within a peak hour
8 301 to 400 301 to 400 pedestrians cross the road on average within a peak hour
9 401 to 500 401 to 500 pedestrians cross the road on average within a peak hour
10 501 to 900 501 to 900 pedestrians cross the road on average within a peak hour
11 900+ 900+ pedestrians cross the road on average within a peak hour
1 No pedestrians walking along the right side of the road on a peak hourly
0 basis
2 1 to 5 pedestrians walking along the right side of the road on a peak hourly
1 to 5 basis
3 6 to 25 pedestrians walking along the right side of the road on a peak hourly
6 to 25 basis
5 51 to 100 pedestrians walking along the right side of the road on a peak
51 to 100 hourly basis
6 101 to 200 pedestrians walking along the right side of the road on a peak
101 to 200 hourly basis
7 201 to 300 pedestrians walking along the right side of the road on a peak
201 to 300 hourly basis
8 301 to 400 pedestrians walking along the right side of the road on a peak
301 to 400 hourly basis
9 401 to 500 pedestrians walking along the right side of the road on a peak
401 to 500 hourly basis
10 501 to 900 pedestrians walking along the right side of the road on a peak
501 to 900 hourly basis
11 900+ pedestrians walking along the right side of the road on a peak hourly
900+ basis
1 0 No pedestrians walking along the left side of the road on a peak hourly basis
2 1 to 5 pedestrians walking along the left side of the road on a peak hourly
1 to 5 basis
3 6 to 25 pedestrians walking along the left side of the road on a peak hourly
6 to 25 basis
4 26 to 50 pedestrians walking along the left side of the road on a peak hourly
26 to 50 basis
5 51 to 100 pedestrians walking along the left side of the road on a peak hourly
51 to 100 basis
6 101 to 200 pedestrians walking along the left side of the road on a peak hourly
101 to 200 basis
7 201 to 300 pedestrians walking along the left side of the road on a peak hourly
201 to 300 basis
8 301 to 400 pedestrians walking along the left side of the road on a peak hourly
301 to 400 basis
9 401 to 500 pedestrians walking along the left side of the road on a peak hourly
401 to 500 basis
10 501 to 900 pedestrians walking along the left side of the road on a peak hourly
501 to 900 basis
11 900+ 900+ pedestrians walking along the left side of the road on a peak hourly basis
6 101 to 200 101 to 200 bicyclists using the road on a peak hourly basis
7 201 to 300 201 to 300 bicyclists using the road on a peak hourly basis
8 301 to 400 301 to 400 bicyclists using the road on a peak hourly basis
9 401 to 500 401 to 500 bicyclists using the road on a peak hourly basis
10 501 to 900 501 to 900 bicyclists using the road on a peak hourly basis
The road does not meet the “roads that cars can read”
specification.
Meets specification
The road meets the “roads that cars can read” specification.
Not applicable No Star Rating policy has been set for specific user group
1 Star Minimum 1 Star policy set for specific user group
2 Star Minimum 2 Star policy set for specific user group
3 Star Minimum 3 Star policy set for specific user group
4 Star Minimum 4 Star policy set for specific user group
5 Star Minimum 5 Star policy set for specific user group
0.3m 2.5m
0.5m
Attribute group Attribute Notes
Roadside Right Distance 1 to 5m Distance from edge of lane to tree on the right
Roadside Right Object Tree Tree with diameter >10cm
Median Type 0 to 1m Full width of the median
Roadside Left Distance 0 to 1m Distance from edge lane to lamp column in median
Roadside Left Object Lamp column Sign, post or pole with diameter >10cm
Example 2
2.5m
0.5m
Attribute group Attribute Notes
Roadside Right Distance 1 to 5m Distance from edge of lane to tree on the right
Median Type 0 to 1m Full width of the median
Roadside Left Distance 10m+ No object in median so distance recorded as >10m
6m 3m
Example 4
6m
8m 15m
Example 6
15m
9m
3m
Example 8
2m
7.5m
6m
Gradient >1:3
Example 10
Example 12
Notes
Both roads are recorded as median type = centre line because this is what is
supposed to be on the road, however, because the lines on the road on the right are
not present delineation is recorded as poor.
Notes
In the right image the lane leaves the road so this is recorded as intersection
category “None” (diverge lanes are not recorded).
In the left image the lane joins the road so this is recorded as a ‘Merge lane’.