PRACTICAL NO.

STATEMENT: IN A MANUFACTURING COMPANY, THE NEW MODERN

MANAGER IS IN A BRIEF THAT MUSIC ENHANCES THE PRODUCTIVITY
OF THE WORKERS. HE MADE OBSERVATION ON EIGHT WORKERS FOR
A WEEK AND RECORDED THE PRODUCTION BEFORE AND AFTER
MUSIC WAS INSTALLED. FROM THE DATA GIVEN BELOW CAN ONE
CONCLUDE THAT PRODUCTIVITY HAS BEEN INCREASED DUE MUSIC.
USE APPROPRIATE SOFTWARE.

Employee 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Before music 220 202 226 190 200 215 208 210
After music 236 190 240 200 220 205 212 215

WORKING EXPRESSIONS:

1. Small Sample Tests (t test): When the sample size is less than or equal to 30 then the
sampling distribution of the sample mean follows t distribution.
Let X1 and X2 be two dependent variables that denote the productivity of the
workers before and after music respectively. For dependent variables with samples of
size n, different steps in the matched paired t-test are;

2. Hypothesis Formulation:
a. Null Hypothesis, H0: µ1=µ2(There is no significant difference before and after
using treatment.)
b. Alternative Hypothesis, H1: µ1<µ2 (There is significant difference before and after
using treatment.)

3. Test Statistic: Under H0,

Where, is the mean of difference of samples and sd is the unbiased estimate of

population standard deviation and given by:

UNISA SAKHA
018BSCIT048
 4. Level of Significance: α is the level of significance. In case α is not given, we consider it
to be 0.05.

5. Degree of Freedom(df): df = n-1

6. Critical Value: Critical or tabulated value of t is obtained from the table according to the
level of significance, degree of freedom and alternative hypothesis.

7. Decision: Based of critical value, the null hypothesis is rejected if |tcal|>ttab, otherwise
accepted.

8. Conclusion: Draw suitable conclusion as per the decision taken above.

CALCULATIONS:

Employee Before Music(x1) After Music(x2) d=x=-x2

1 220 236 -16
2 202 190 12
3 226 240 -14
4 190 200 -10
5 200 220 -20
6 215 205 10
7 208 212 -4
8 210 215 -5

S.N. items/statement symbol value

1 null hypothesis H0  
2 alternative hypothesis H1  
3 mean of difference d -5.875
4 sample size   8
5 sample S.d   11.71613661
6 t-cal t(cal) 1.418301092
7 level of significance α 0.05
8 degree of freedom n-1 7
9 critical value(1 tail) t (α , n-1) 1.894578605
10 Decision   Accept H0

RESULTS:
UNISA SAKHA
018BSCIT048
Hence, from above hypothesis setting in MS Excel, it is found that the null hypothesis is to be
rejected.
CONCLUSION:
In this way, it is concluded that there is no significant difference before and after using treatment.

UNISA SAKHA
018BSCIT048