Chapter 1 1

Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Introduction to Engineering (0908200)

 Definition of Engineer
 Aperson who designs, builds, or maintains engines,
machines, or structures.
 Definition of Engineering
 the branch of science and technology concerned with the
design, building, and use of engines, machines, and
structures.
 The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology
(ABET) defines engineering: The profession in which
knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences, gained
by study, experience, and practice, is applied with judgment
to develop ways to use, economically, the materials and
forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.

Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Introduction to Engineering (0908200) 2

 A person responsible of developing engines of war such as floating bridges and attack
towers was called an “engineer” around 1200 A.D.
 During the industrial revolution, the term “engineer” referred to the person that made
“engines”
 The word engine comes from Latin (ingenium), where it had already become word
for a machine used in war
 Since at least the 14th century, the word “engineer” has meant:
 a builder of weapons
 a maker of devices

Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Introduction to Engineering (0908200) 3

 Scientists seek technical answers to understand natural phenomenon, while engineers study technical problems
with a practical application always in mind
For example:
“Scientists study atomic structure to understand the nature of matter; engineers study atomic structure to make
smaller and faster microchips”

 Engineering technologists have the technical know-how to use and install the machines properly, while engineers
design and manufacture machines and systems
For example:
“The technologist identifies the equipment necessary to assemble a new CD player; the engineer designs the new
CD player”

Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Introduction to Engineering (0908200) 4

 The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET): is an organization that accredits education
programs in "applied science, computing, engineering, and engineering technology
 Student Outcomes
Student outcomes describe what students are expected to know and be able to do by the time of graduation. These
relate to the knowledge, skills, and behaviours that students acquire as they progress through the program.
(a) an ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering
(b) an ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyse and interpret data
(c) an ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as
economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability
(d) an ability to function on multidisciplinary teams
(e) an ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems
(f) an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility
(g) an ability to communicate effectively
(h) the broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global, economic,
environmental, and societal context
(i) a recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning
(j) a knowledge of contemporary issues
(k) an ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice.
Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Introduction to Engineering (0908200) 5
The motivation to pursue an engineering degree may differ from student to
student:
 Proficient skills in math and physical sciences
 Knows someone who is an engineer
 Knows that engineering offers a lot of job opportunities
 Is aware that a degree in engineering has a high starting salary

Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Introduction to Engineering (0908200) 6

1. Ancient age
2. Middle age
3. Renaissance age
4. Industrial age
5. Electronics age
6. Information age

Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Introduction to Engineering (0908200) 7

 The pyramids in Egypt Roads in Ancient Roman Empire

The Hanging Gardens in Iraq The Great Wall in China Paper and silk manufacturing

Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Introduction to Engineering (0908200) 8

 The Banu Musa brothers ("Sons of Moses"), namely Abu Jaʿfar, Muḥammad ibn Musa
ibn Shakir, Abu al‐Qasim, Aḥmad ibn Musa ibn Shakir and Al-Ḥasan ibn Musa ibn
Shakir, were three 9th-century Persian scholars who lived and worked in Baghdad.
They are known for their Book of Ingenious Devices on automata (automatic
machines) and mechanical devices.

 Badiʿ az-Zaman al-Jazari was a scholar, inventor, mechanical engineer and

mathematician. He is best known for writing The Book Of Knowledge Of Ingenious
Mechanical Devices where he described 100 mechanical devices, along with
instructions on how to construct them.
 Taqi ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf ash-Shami was the author of more than ninety
books on a wide variety of subjects, including astronomy, clocks, engineering,
mathematics, mechanics and optics.

Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Introduction to Engineering (0908200) 9

 Boyle’s Gas Law, stating pressure varies inversely with volume, is first introduced
 Newton's three laws of motion laid the foundation of classical mechanics.
 Galileo constructs a series of telescopes, with which he observes the rotation about
the sun
 William Gilbert called the property of attracting particles after being rubbed “electricus”

Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Introduction to Engineering (0908200) 10

 Voltaic pile was developed by Alessandro Volta, a father of the battery
 James Watt patents his first steam engine
 Michael Faraday discovers electromagnetic induction
 Machine automation is first introduced in France
 Telephone is patented in the U.S. by Alexander Graham Bell
 Automobile is introduced by Karl Benz
 In 1903 the Wright brothers achieved the first powered, sustained and controlled
airplane flight

Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Introduction to Engineering (0908200) 11

 First atomic bomb is used
 The transistor is invented
 Computers first introduced into the market
 Sputnik I, the first artificial satellite, put into space by USSR
 The U.S. completes the first ever moon landing
 The Concord is first used for supersonic flight between Europe and the U.S.
 First artificial heart is successfully implanted

Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Introduction to Engineering (0908200) 12

 The first robot rover to land and travel on Mars
 On 6 August 1991 the World Wide Web became publicly available
 Advancements in biotechnology
 Advancements in 3D printing
 Advancements in hybrid and electric vehicles
 The Global Positioning System (GPS) project became fully operational in 1995
 Advancements in cell phones and computers
…

Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Introduction to Engineering (0908200) 13

 70’s
Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Introduction to Engineering (0908200) 80’s 14
 2000
90’s

Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Introduction to Engineering (0908200) 15

The XPS Tower desktops feature the following base specifications:
• 6th Generation Intel® Core™ i5 processor
• Windows 10 Home
• 8GB Memory
• 1TB Hard Drive
2016
Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Introduction to Engineering (0908200) 16