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(1.Common noun, 2. Proper noun, 3.Collective noun, 4.Abstract noun, 5.Material noun)
Definition :
A noun is a word, it is used as the name of a person, animal, place, bird, idea, emotion or thing.
For example boy , girl, table, chair, peacock, honesty, happiness, wisdom, book etc.,
e.g.
Types of nouns
NOUNS ARE NAMING words. They ident if y people, things or place in our world. Nouns come in six
different forms: proper, common, abstract, concrete, collective, and compound.
Further, the nouns can be classified into two major types as : countable and uncountable nouns.
1. Common noun :
Definition :
A common noun is a name given in common to ever y person or thing of the same class of kind.
These common nouns are words for people who do certain things.
e.g.
2. Proper noun :
Definition :
A proper noun is the name of some particular person, place, thing, particular event, or group. This proper
noun begins with a capital letter. If the noun is nonspecific, that is, the noun refers t o a general idea and not a
specific person, place, or thing, it is usuall y not a proper noun, so it it not capitalized.
e.g.
Specific Nonspecific
The names of the days of the week and the months of the year are proper nouns.
e.g.
Friday June
Saturday July
The names of special days and celebrations are also proper nouns.
e.g.
The names of famous places , buildings and monuments are proper nouns.
e.g.
The names of people who live in a parti cular country are also proper nouns.
e.g.
Country People
Afghanistan Afghans
Australia Australians
Germany Germans
USA Americans
India Indians
3. Collective noun :
Definition :
i) A collective noun is a name of a number (collection) of persons or things taken together and spoken of as
one whole as:
Crowd, mob, team, flock, herd, army, fleet, jur y, family, nation, parliament, committee.
ii) Nouns t hat refer to a specific group of persons or things are called Collective Nouns.
These are nouns for groups of people. Here are some collective nouns for groups of people.
e.g.
a family a committee
a community a company
a band a gang
Some groups of things also have their own special collective nouns.
e.g.
4. Abstract noun :
Definition :
An abstract noun is usually the name of a feelings, ideas, action, state and characteristics, or quali ties
considered apart from the object to which it belongs as.
This abstract noun cannot be seen, heard, touched or tasted but it can only be felt by our sense. The abstract noun
is not visible.
e.g.
For example, we cannot be 'happiness' but we can feel that in our heart or mind. The names of the subject of study
(e.g. grammar, music, chemistry, etc.) are also Abstract Nouns.
(i) Concrete nouns :
in opposite to abstract noun, the concrete nouns can be seen or touched by us.
e.g.
e.g.
Countable nouns have plural forms while uncountable nouns do not. Even the abstract nouns are also uncountable
nouns.
For example, we say boys but we cannot say oils.
5. Material noun :
Definition :
There are the raw elements or objects existing in nature.
e.g.
Definition :
The Gender of noun indicates the sex or the absence of sex.
1. Masculine Gender :
Definition :
A noun that denotes a MALE SEX is called Masculine Gender.
Masculine nouns are words for men, boys and male animals.
e.g.
2. Femine Gender :
Definition :
A noun that denotes a FEMALE SEX is called Femine Gender.
Feminine nouns are words for women, girls and female animals.
e.g.
3. Common Gender :
Definition :
A noun that denotes either a male or a female sex is said to be of t he comm on gender.
e.g.
4. Neuter Gender :
Definition :
A noun that denotes a lifeless thing is called Neuter Gender. The noun that denotes a thing t hat is neither
male nor female is called Neuter Gender.
e.g.
1. Here are some more masculine and feminine nouns for people.
Masculine Feminine
father mother
son daughter
brother sister
nephew niece
man woman
uncle aunt
master mistress
emperor empress
sir madam
2. Here are some masculine and feminine nouns for male and female animals. There is one general word for the
animal and special word for male and female.
boy girl
brother sister
dog bitch
king queen
drake duck
monk nun
hart roe
buck doe
earl countees
author authoress
count countess
giant giantess
heir heiress
lion lioness
host hostess
mayor mayoress
steward stewardess
shepherd shepherdess
poet poetess
Actor Actress
Duke Duchess
Emperor Empress
Tiger Tigress
Waiter waitress
Negro Negress
Abbot Abbess
Traitor Traitress
Executor Executix
Testator Testatrix
Man-servant Maid-servant
Milk-man Milk-maid
Grand-father Grand-mother
Bull-calf Cow-calf
Cock-Sparrow Hen-Sparrow
He-goat She-goat
Land-lord Land-lady
Pea-cock pea-hen
Note : Objects without life are often personified, that is, spoken of as if they were living beings. We then regard
them as males or females.
The Masculine Gender is often applied to objects remarkable for strength and violence; as,
The Feminine Gender is sometimes applied to objects remarkable for beauty, gentleness, and gracefulness; as,
Definition :
Numbers are often used before nouns to tell you exactly how many people or things there are.
Numbers are adjectives, too. They tell us how many people, animals, or things there are. Sometimes they are
called adjectives of quantity.
e.g.
Definition :
A noun that denotes onl y ONE person or thing is said to be in the SINGULAR NUMBER.
e.g.
2. Plural Number :
Definition :
A noun that denotes MORE THAN ONE person or thing is said to be in the PLURAL NUMBER.
e.g.
Formation of Plurals
The usual construction of plural nouns from singular nouns is to add -s to the end of a word.
e.g.
Nouns endin g in -s, -sh, -ch, -o, -x, or -z form the plural b y adding -es to the singular; as,
e.g.
e.g.
Nouns endin g in - y, preceded by a consonant, form their plural by changing –y into –i and adding –es,
e.g.
Nouns endin g in - y, preceded by a vowels, form their plural by adding –s to the singular,
e.g.
Nouns endin g in -f or -fe form their plural by changing -for -fe into v and adding -es ; as,
e.g.
e.g.
Singular Plural Singular Plural
e.g.
Irregular nouns :
A few nouns form their plural by changing the i nside vowel of t he singlar; as,
e.g.
e.g.
e.g.
Certai n collective Nouns though singular in form, are alwa ys used as plurals: as
e.g.
Some nouns given different meaning when the y are in singular and plural.
e.g.
The plural form for numbers and letters is made by adding apostrophe and s.
e.g.
Definition :
A person or thing that is addressed is said to be the Vocative Case or Nominative of Address.
Function of a Noun
He bought a book
In the given example ‘He’ is the subject. It is the answer to the question who bought the book? “Bought the
book?” is the Predicate and it contains the Verb ‘Bought’. So the noun ‘He’ is said to be in the Nominative
Case.
e.g.
Note :To find the Nominative Case ask the question WHO or WHAT to the verb
2. Objective or Accusative Case
Definition :
A noun or a pronoun, when it is used as the OBJECT OF A VERB, it is said to be in theOBJECTIVE
CASE.
e.g.
In the given example ‘A dog’ is teh answer to the question ‘What did John kill’? Therefore the noun ‘ dog ’ is
called the OBJECT and it is said in the Objective Case.
e.g.
Note : To find the Objective or Accusative Case put WHOM or WHAT before the verb and its object.
3. Prossessive or Genitive Case
Definition :
A noun or a pronoun, when it is used to show owenership or possessi on, authority, origin, kind etc.,
It is said to be in the Possessive or Genitive Case.
e.g.
When the noun is Singular, the Possessive Case is formed by adding ‘S’ (apostrophe S) to the noun and when
it is ‘S’ ending Plural by adding an apostrophe after the ‘S’ (S’)
e.g.
You Yours
80 80s’
2009 2009’s
It Its
Who Whose
Note : Here Peter is addressed.
Dative Case
Definition :
When a noun indicates the indirect object of the verb - generally, ‘GIVE’ it is said to be in the Dative
Case.
In the above sentence David was the person to whom Mi rz a gave a pen. The Indirect object of a verb
denotes the person to whom e something is given or f or whom something is done.
COMPOUND NOUNS
Definition :
When we put two or more words together to create a new word, we have made a compound noun.
Compound nouns can take three forms: hyphenated, solid and open.
HYPHENATED COMPOUNDS
When two or more words are connected by one or more hyphens, the result is a hyphenated compound. Some
compound words are hyphenated to avoid being misread or ambiguous.
e.g.
SOLID COMPOUNDS
Solid compounds are words that are used as a single unit of meaning and it is closed up as solid, or closed,
compounds.
e.g.
OPEN COMPOUNDS
Sometimes no hyphenating or closing up is necessary to form a compound. Open compounds are words that are
used as a single unit of meaning but are still written separately as two words.
e.g.
COMPOUND WORDS
Definition :
Forming Compound Words : A compound is a unit consisting of two or more base words. Compound words
are, for the most part, nouns, adjectives and verbs.
e.g.
e.g.
e.g.
e.g.
Noun Noun Compound Word
e.g.
Noun Adjective Compound Word
e.g.
Preposition Noun Compound Word
in box inbox
by line by line
by path bypath
in mate inmate
in side inside
up land upland
e.g.
As the family lost the sole bread winner, they were shocked
The time table for the examination will be announced next week
Tape recorders have become obsolete after the advent of DVD players
Black boards still dominate class room teachin in India
Education can elevate a low-born child to the highest office in the world
The air-rids did not deter the Japanese from doing their routine work
As the engine driver received all clear signal, he started the train
Do not with hold your inner desire to give others what they deserve
Find Common, Proper, Abstract, Material, Collective, Countable, Uncountable, Concrete Nouns from the following
list.
Fill in the blanks in the fowlloing sentences with suitable collective nouns :
( good ness, bunch, iron, chain, queen, school, hive, set, wood, horse, paper )
Fill in the blanks in the fowlloing sentences with Feminine forms of the words given at the end :
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the Plural of the words given at the end :