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Answer:

Given information:

Diameter of the tube, d  2.0 cm

Relative roughness of the tube is 0.001
T  90 C
Wall temperature of the tube, w
Entering velocity of water, v  3 m s
Inlet temperature of water,
Tb1  40 C

Exit temperature of water, Tb 2  60 C



 Cp  4174 J  kg  C 
Take the specific heat of water to be constant at .
Density of water is taken as   989 kg m .
3

Mass flowrate of water is calculated as,

d2
m   v
4
 3.14   0.02 m  2 

 989 kg m 

3
4
   3 m s

 
 0.932 kg s

Calculate the rate of heat transfer as:

q  mC
 p Tb
 p  Tb 2  Tb1 
 mC


  0.932 kg s  4174 J kg  C      60  40  C 


 77773 J s
 77773 W

The mean bulk temperature of water is,

Tb1  Tb 2 40  60
Tb    50 C
2 2

Calculate the mean film temperature using Petukhov relation for rough-tube conditions as:

Tw  Tb 90  50
Tf    70 C
2 2

Tf
At this temperature , the properties of water are taken as:

 f  978 kg m3
 f  4.0  104 kg  m  s 
k  0.664 W m  C  
Pr  2.54

At bulk temperature Tb  50 C , viscosity of water is taken as:



b  5.55 104 kg  m  s 

At wall temperature
Tw  90 C , viscosity of water is taken as:

 w  2.81104 kg  m  s 

Tf
Calculate Reynold’s number at as:

dv  f
Re d 
f


 0.02 m   3 
m s  978 kg m 3 
 4.0 10 4
kg  m  s  
 146700
 1.467 105

From the graph of Re versus friction factor

 f  , the value of friction factor for rough tube
5
corresponding to Red  1.467  10 is taken as:

f  0.0218

Nusselt number is calculated by the formula,

 f 8  Red Pr
n
 b 
Nud   
1.07  12.7  f 8 
12
 
Pr  1   w 
23
Since, Tw  Tb , the value of n is taken as 0.11. Nud is now calculated as:

 0.0218 8   1.467 105   2.54   5.55 104 0.11

Nud   4 
1.07  12.7  0.0218 8    2.54   1  2.81 10 
12 23

 666.776

Use this value of Nud to calculate the heat transfer coefficient as:

Nud  k
h
d
 666.776   0.664 
W m  C 

0.02 m

 22137 W m 2  C 
Now, apply energy balance for tube with length L as:

q  h   dL   Tw  Tb 

 77773 W    22137 
W m 2  C    3.14   0.02 m  L    90  50  C 


L  1.40 m