SSC-JE, RRB-JE, AE(PSC) etc.

(Q.101 to 110)

Environmental
Engineering
Q. 101) Most suitable section of sewer in separate sewage
system is

A. Rectangular section
B. Circular section
C. Standard from of egg shaped sewer
D. Modified egg shaped section
Answer B
In separate system, discharge is more or less constant.
A circular section gives a maximum area for a given perimeter,
hence, it is economical but it is not suitable for combined system
because of great variation in discharge.
Q. 102) An egg shaped section of sewer

A. Is economical than circular section

B. Provides self cleansing velocity at low discharge
C. Is more stable than circular section
D. Is easy to construct
Answer B
The Egg shaped sewer provides slightly
higher velocity for low flows over the
circular sewer of equal capacity. This
makes it useful during combined
sewerage system. These sewers can
generate self cleansing velocity during
dry weather flow

The lower portion of Egg shaped sewer is known as invert which

is circular in shape and is smaller than the arch.
Q. 103) The velocity of flow does not depend on

A. Grade of sewer
B. Length of sewer
C. Hydraulic mean depth of sewer
D. Roughness of sewer
Answer B
Q. 104) The hydraulic mean depth (HMD) for an egg-
shaped sewer flowing two-third full is

A. Equal to HMD when flowing full

B. Less than HMD when flowing full
C. Greater than HMD when flowing full
D. None of the above
Answer C

A. Hydraulic Mean Depth (HMD) of

Standard Egg-Shaped Sewer:
1. When flowing full, HMD = 0.58 b
2. Sewer flowing 2/3 Full, HMD = 0.63b
3. Sewer flowing 1/2 Full, HMD = 0.52b
4. Sewer flowing 1/3 Full, HMD = 0.40b

B. Hydraulic Mean Depth (HMD) of

New Egg-Shaped Sewer:
1. When flowing full, HMD = 0.57 b
2. Sewer flowing 2/3 Full, HMD = 0.62b
3. Sewer flowing 1/2 Full, HMD = 0.50b
4. Sewer flowing 1/3 Full, HMD = 0.38b
Q. 105) The effect of increasing diameter of sewer on the
self cleansing velocity is

A. To decrease it
B. To increase it
C. Fluctuating
D. Nil
Answer B
The self cleansing velocity Vs is given by

Where,
Gs is the specific gravity
g is the acceleration due to gravity
ds is the diameter of sewer and
f is the Darcy Weisbach friction factor.
Q. 106) The most commonly used sewer under culverts is

A. Circular brick sewer

B. Circular cast iron sewer
C. Semi-elliptical sewer
D. Horse-shoe type sewer
Answer A
Q. 107) The type of sewer which is suitable for both
combined and seperate system is

A. Circular sewer
B. Egg shaped sewer
C. Horse-shoe type sewer
D. Semi-elliptical sewer
Answer B
The Egg shaped sewer provides slightly
higher velocity for low flows over the
circular sewer of equal capacity. This
makes it useful during combined
sewerage system. These sewers can
generate self cleansing velocity during
dry weather flow

The lower portion of Egg shaped sewer is known as invert which

is circular in shape and is smaller than the arch.
Q. 108) The characteristics of fresh and septic sewage
respectively are

A. Acidic and alkaline

B. Alkaline and acidic
C. Both acid
D. Both alkaline
Answer B

pH is used to describe the acid (pH<7) or alkaline (pH>7)

properties of water solutions.
The pH of sewage is initially high (alkaline) and drops when the
sewage becomes septic.

Color of fresh sewage is yellowish grey to light brown. While that

of the septic is black or dark due to oxidation of organic matter.

Smell of the fresh sewage is oily or soapy while the septic sewage
develops an objectionable. H2S is the major source of pollution.
Q. 109) The pathogens can be killed by

A. Nitrification
B. Chlorination
C. Oxidation
D. None of the above
Answer B
Disease causing microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses,
found commonly in sewage, hospital waste, run-off water from farms,
and in water used for swimming.

Water systems add disinfectants to destroy microorganisms that can

cause disease in humans.
Primary methods of disinfection are
1. Chlorination
2. Chloramines
3. Ozone
4. Ultraviolet light
Q. 110) Which of the following retards the self purification
of stream?

A. Higher temperature
B. Sunlight
C. Satisfying oxygen demand
D. None of the above
Answer D
Factors Affecting Self-Purification of Stream:
1. The pathogens are killed if they are exposed to sunlight,
therefore, sunlight helps in self-purification.
2. treams will get self purified in less time at higher temperature.
3. If the oxygen demand is satisfied, then stream becomes
purified.
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