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Statistical Quality Control
(JQB 20503)
Chapter 3:
Process Control Chart for
Variables
5th July 2010
By Fairul Anwar Abu Bakar
Recap Past Lesson
Sources of Variation:
1.Normal causes – within process control
(to be expected)
2.Assignable causes – can control i.e.
machine, man, material, method
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Ice-Breaking Exercise
A worker makes 12 trips to load a truck. The
time of each trip, in minutes is;
12.6 , 13.7 , 18.2 , 8.3 , 8.1 , 10.0 , 11.9 , 14.0 ,
12.6 , 12.6 , 9.7 , 14.5.
Calculate the mean and range of these data.
Answer: Mean = 12.2 , Range = 10.1
(Any comment / observation?)
Process Control Chart
• Variables – can be measured e.g. weight,
height, temperature, volume etc.
(x-bar & R chart)
• Attributes – have discrete values e.g. yes @
no, good @ bad etc.
(p & c chart)
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Today’s Learning Outcomes
• Calculate on development of center line (CL),
upper (UCL) and lower control limit (LCL) of x-
bar chart by using related formula.
• Construct the x-bar process control chart with
reflect to all solution provided.
Develop Mean (x-bar) Chart
• monitor central tendency of data
• monitor changes in the mean of a process
• Center line:
• Upper control limit (UCL):
• Lower control limit (UCL):
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Exercise - Mean (x-bar) Chart
• A quality control inspector at the F&F soft
drink company has taken twenty-five samples
with four observations each of the volume of
bottles filled. The data and the computed
means are shown in the table. If the standard
deviation of the bottling operation is 0.14
ounces, use this information to develop
control limits of three standard deviations for
the bottling operation.
Exercise - Mean (x-bar) Chart (cont’d)
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Exercise - Mean (x-bar) Chart (cont’d)
Solution
Given:-
• Z=3
• σ = 0.14
• n=4
Exercise - Mean (x-bar) Chart (cont’d)
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Exercise - Mean (x-bar) Chart (cont’d)
Group Exercise
• A quality control inspector at the Crunchy
Potato Chip Company has taken 10 samples
with 4 observations each of the volume of
bags filled. The data and the computed means
are shown in the following table (next slide).
• If the standard deviation of the bagging
operation is 0.2 ounces, use the information in
the table to develop control limits of 3
standard deviations for the bottling operation.
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Group Exercise
Solution
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Recap - Today’s Learning Outcomes
• Calculate on development of center line (CL),
upper (UCL) and lower control limit (LCL) of x-
bar chart by using related formula.
• Construct the x-bar process control chart with
reflect to all solution provided.
Next Class Review
• Developing Range (R) chart
• Expected to do more x-bar & R chart
exercises in class.
• Please bring along your graph paper!
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8/25/2010
Today’s Learning Outcomes
• Calculate on development of center line (CL),
upper (UCL) and lower control limit (LCL) of x-
bar chart by using related formula.
• Construct the x-bar & R process control chart
with reflect to all solution provided.
Another Formula for x-bar Chart
Notice that A2 is a factor that includes three
standard deviations of ranges and is dependent
on the sample size (n) being considered.
Using sample range as an estimate of variability.
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Exercise (x-bar Chart)
• Use last x-bar chart data to construct CL, UCL
& LCL by using 2nd formula.
R Chart
• Monitor the dispersion or variability of the
process
• The method for developing and using R-charts
is the same as that for x-bar charts.
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R Chart Formula
Exercise (R Chart)
• Use x-bar chart data exercise 1.
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Exercise (R Chart) - Solution
Next Class Review
• Developing x-bar & Range (R) chart
using computer software – Microsoft
Office Excel
• Please bring along your own laptop!
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