Week 6 Workbook questions

Study Guide Questions: 6.4

Test INTERPRETATION/WHAT TISSUE

STRUCTURE DOES THIS TEST
LOAD?
Squat test Bone tissues - Sacrum, pelvic, Hip,
Knee and Ankle movements

Soft tissues - joints/capsule,

muscles, ligaments
Lumbar Kemps Nervous tissue - impacting IVF,
test Neurogenic claudication

Soft tissues and bone - impacting

facets.
Djerine’s triad Soft tissues - disc or other space
(Valsalva, occupying lesion.
cough, sneeze)
Flip or Nervous tissue - sciatic nerve
Bechterew’s Soft tissue - disc if felt on
test contralateral side (like WSLR)
Straight leg Nervous tissues - nerve roots L5-S2
raising test Soft tissues - possible disc or space
(SLR) occupying lesion.
Well straight Nervous tissues - nerve roots L5-S2
leg raising test Soft tissues - possible disc or space
(WSLR) occupying lesion.
Braggard’s test Nervous tissue - dura mater of spinal
cord.
Bowstring’s Nervous tissue - sciatic nerve
test
Bonnet’s test Nervous tissue - sciatic nerve

Muscular tissue - piriformis muscle

Kernigs test Nervous tissue - meningeal, dural or
nerve root irritation.
Sign of the Soft tissues - Hip joint and lumbar
buttock joint differentiation and possible
capsular or soft tissue pathologies.
Slump test Nervous system - neuromeningeal
tract.
Milgrams test Soft tissues - disc or other space
occupying lesion.
Sacral thrust Soft tissues and bone - sacroiliac
(Springing the joint pathology /instability
sacrum)
SIJ distraction Soft tissues and bone - sacroiliac
joint pathology /instability
SIJ Soft tissues and bone - sacroiliac
compression joint pathology /instability
Thigh thrust Soft tissues and bone - sacroiliac
joint pathology
Gaenslen Soft tissues and bone - sacroiliac
joint pathology
Nachlas test Nervous tissue - formal nerve/nerve
(prone knee root (L2-3) claudication.
bending Muscular tissue - rectus femoris
muscle
Ely’s test Nervous tissue - formal nerve/nerve
root (L2-4) claudication.

Muscular tissue - rectus femoris

muscle
Yeoman’s test Nervous tissue - formal nerve

Soft tissue - SI ligaments stressed

anterior stretched and posterior
compressed.
Lumbar Soft tissue and bone - impacting
springing test facets
Stoop test Nervous tissue - intermittent
neurogenic claudication
Hoover test Workers compensation test -

Testing for psychological and

neuromuscular partners; therefore
nervous tissues and muscle tissues.
Trendelenberg Muscluar tissues - gluteus medius
and hip abductor weakness and
test
pelvic instability/muscle imbalance.
Patrick Fabere Muscular tissues - hip flexor muscle
test tightness/hypertonicity.

Bone and soft tissues - hip joint

restrictions or abnormalities.
Thomas test Muscular tissues - various thigh
muscles/quads and hip flexors.
Test for true leg Bone - leg length
length
Ober’s test Muscular tissue - ITB and TFL
hypertonicity/contracture.
Pelvic Rock Soft tissues and bone - sacroiliac
test joint pathology
Homer Nervous tissue - neurogenic
pheasant test claudication

Spinal stenosis.
Schober test Soft tissues and bone - testing for
pathology - Ankylosing spondylitis.
Bicycle test of Nervous tissue - intermittent
Van Felderen neurogenic claudication
The Gait Cycle Review

1. Describe the gait cycle.

A: Gait examines walking patterns of a patient, taking in the observation of: arm swing,
base of gait, heel strike, time spent on each leg, posture of trunk, toe walking, heel
walking, tandem walking.

2. The stance phase is 40% of the gait cycle and the swing phase is 60%. True or
false.

A: False. Stance phase = 60% and swing phase = 40%.

3. What are the definitions of the following terms?

a. Stride Length

A: Refers to the distance covered during one cycle (2 steps).

b. Step Length
A: Refers to the longitudinal distance between 2 feet.

c. Step width

A: Refers to the latitudinal distance between 2 feet.

d. Foot angle

A: Refers to the foot placement (pes cavus/planus)

e. Cadence

A: Refers to steps/minute

4. When examining the motion in the sagittal plan, which joint undergoes the most
angular motion?

A: The knee (Femur-Tibia)

5. Describe the typical gait for a post-stroke patient.

A: Hemiporetic gait

6. At what phase of the gait cycle do the quadriceps activate?

A: Terminal swing (when referring to Quads, as a group. However, Rectus femoris

activates with the Hip flexors in the initial swing phase).

7. At what phase of the gait cycle do the hamstring muscles activate?

A: Initial swing and take off phases.

8. List the 7 principles of gait assessment.

A: Step length, stride length, walk velocity, run velocity, cadance, double support, float
phase?
Arm swing, base of gait, heel strike, time spent on each leg, posture of trunk, toe walking,
heel walking and tandem walking?

9. List 2 causes for excessive inversion (supination)

A:

1. Neurological disorder (e.g. cerebral palsy).

2. Inherited/structural abnormality

10. List 3 causes for excessive eversion.

A:

1. Structural: injury/arthritis/ligamentous/congenital abnormality

2. Poor biomechanics

3. Pregnancy/increased weight

11. List 4 causes for limited knee flexion.

A:

a. Contracture of quadriceps muscles

b. Hamstring/posterior chain injury

c. Hemiporetic gait

d. Festination gait

12. List 2 causes for excessive hip flexion.

A:

1. Ataxic gait

2. Dislocated hip

13. List 2 causes for contralateral pelvic drop

A:

1. Gluteus medius/minimus weakness

2. Congenital dislocation of the hip/coxa vara

Complete the following table:

Peripheral Motor Sensory Reflex

Nerve

Spinal Shoulder Superior-posterior Trapezius (CN 11

accessory elevation/ shoulder, posterior- and NR C2-4)
scapular inferior neck.
adduction
Suprascap Shoulder Superior shoulder, Supraspinatus (C5)
ular and abduction/external inferior-lateral neck and deltoid (C5)
axillary rotation (C5) and chest (C3/4)
nerve
Lateral Shoulder Pectoral area and Pectoralis Major
pectoral adduction (C8/T1) medial/inner (C8-T1)
nerve proximal arm (T2/1)
Musculo- Elbow flexion (C5) Lateral Biceps (C5)
cutaneous antebrachium
nerve
Radial Elbow/wrist Lateral-posterior Triceps (C7),
nerve thumb and finger portion of arm and Brachioradialis
extension (C6/7) forearm, proximal (C5-6) and finger
portion of thumb (C6) extensors (C6/7).
Median nerve Wrist/finger Medial-anterior Finger flexors (C8)
flexion (C8) aspect of forearm and wrist flexors
and last 3 digits (C7/8)
(C7)
Ulnar nerve Finger/wrist Medial 1 ½ Finger flexors (C8)
flexion and finger fingers (C8/T1) anf finger abductors/
add/abd (C8/T1) adductors (T1)